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PubMed1985

[Clinical symptoms and findings in the upper airway of soot-exposed workers].

Under conditions of the channel black technique of the carbon black producing factory in Oranienburg, DDR, some inhalative noxious agents are discussed, especially dust of carbon black in concentrations three times higher than permitted and the climate is causing aggravated conditions. 58 still exposed, 35 formerly exposed workers and 60 control persons of the same age and smoking habits were asked using a questionnaire and they were examined clinically to find out disturbances of health in the upper airways. Complaints concerning chronic rhinitis partly complicated by crusts and sanguineous nasal secretion more frequently had been stated by exposed workers compared to the control persons. The rhinoscopical findings of the exposed workers and control persons are emphasizing the case history details. By it, more severe chronical mucosal findings were diagnosed in 29 percent of the exposed, but only in 9 percent of the control persons. Obstructions of the nasal breathing are not to be related to the profession in spite of the significant differences of the anamnestical data and clinical findings. On the contrary the disorders of smell seem to be more important concerning the soot exposed workers. The roentgenological findings of the paranasal sinus and the cytological results of nasal secretion do'nt give further hints. The importance of an exposition of more than 10 years is apparent concerning the described morbid changes. Significant fewer complaints concerning the ENT were stated by the formerly exposed workers than the still exposed. Special examinations by an ENT physician should be performed on workers exposed to carbon black having already longer persistent complaints particularly concerning chronical mucosal findings and disorders of smell.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Physical activity in the treatment of stress disorders of the musculo-skeletal system.

Stress disorders make up the largest group of diseases in morbidity statistics. These disorders may be defined as morbid changes in the muscles, tendons, joints and vertebral column, arising as the result of malfunction or over-function, i.e. stresses which with time or through intensity exceed the limit for the strength of the tissues. The disorders are caused by physical and/or psycho-social circumstances. In treating the different forms of stress disorders, physical activity has been utilised with good results. Training is believed to work both through its favourable effect on the function and physical strength of the various tissues and through its general capacity for relaxing the musculature.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1978

[Hepatorenal lesions in acute acetone poisoning].

Lesions of the parenchymal organs, not described so far, were found in two males and two females with acute acetone intoxication, besides the well known morbid changes in the gastrointestinal tract and ZNS, regardless the energetic hepato--and nephroprotective treatment. In all patients (one of them inhaled acetone vapours and the rest swallowed the poison per os) liver lesion is present with the corresponding clinical manifestations and changes in the laboratory liver indices. In two of the per orally intoxicated, renal lesion was also found, manifested in a milder degree. The state of the parenchymal organs is necessary to be followed up carefully in case of acute acetone intoxications and a timely treatment with hepato- and nephroprotective drugs in large doses to be applied: glucocorticoids, glucose and levulose solutions, cocarboxylase, lipovitan, vitamin "C", "B1", "B2", "B12", calcium gluconate.

Acetone↗
PubMed1975

[Critical assessment of angiographic findings in malignant tumors of the extremities (author's transl)].

Five selected cases out of a total of 36 patients who had been investigated by angiography for tumors of the extremities are demonstrated in order to show the difficulties which can arise in the interpretation of their angiograms. In the subsequent discussion, the classical criteria of Dos Santos for malignant tumors are analyzed; in agreement with other authors, we state, that only unequivocal tumor vessels are characteristic of malignant processes. With certain reservations - especially in the differentiation of malignant and inflammatory processes - the parenchymal phase and the functional behaviour of the circulation permits conclusions to be drawn on the nature of the morbid changes.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

[Mass examination of women employed in the Lódź textile industry (with special reference to the genitalia)].

The complex examinations of the state of health of 468 women workers of the Central Laboratory of Textile Industry in Lodź were performed. In all women were performed physical and gynecological-biochemical examinations as well as hematological-biochemical ones of the selected blood parameters. It has been stated a high (61,8%) percentage of women with morbid changes or genital organs and lower values of examined blood parameters in spinners, comparing with workers of the finishing department and administration.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Enhancement of survival in acute experimental fowl typhoid in chicks by the administration of iron dextran.

Chicks aged 15 days were infected orally with 10(6-4) living Salmonella gallinarum. Iron from iron dextran or ferric ammonium citrate (DFe and CFe respectively), in doses of 2-0 or 0-4 mg/kg given intramuscularly at the time of infection, had no effect on subsequent mortality compared with infected controls. Increasing the amount of CFe to the maximum (20 mg/kg) that was non-toxic intramuscularly was also ineffective but when the dose of DFe was increased to 20 or 50 mg/kg the survival rate rose sharply. If given at other times in relation to the time of infection, or more frequently, 50 mg/kg or more of DFe was less active. The increased survival rate among infected chicks given 50 mg/kg of DFe at the time of infection was accompanied by decreases in the severity of the morbid changes in the disease, and by reductions of between c 10- to 100-fold in the numbers of viable S gallinarum in the liver, spleen or blood at the height of the acute infection. DFe (50 mg/kg) given at the time of infection also eliminated the difference in the survival rate noted previously between infected chicks fed respectively with diets containing fish or meat meal as the sole source of supplementary protein.

Anemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The multiyear changes in the epidemic activity of the foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis at the Murgab oasis. I. An analysis of the relations of morbidity to heliogeophysical factors].

Attempts were made to analyse the relationships of changes in the pattern of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) morbidity by the 1951-1993 statistics of the Turkmenistan Ministry of Health by the areas of Maryĭskiĭ velaiat with heliogeophysical factors. For quantitative characterization of solar activity changes, various indices were used; among them there was the Wolf number, radio radiation flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm. and the geomagnetic Aa-index. In some many-year observations, vague cyclic variations were detected on a personal computer by spectral and periodogram analyses proved to be effective in other diseases. Correlation and cross-correlation analyses were used to evaluate the possible relationships between the morbidity rates and the changes in heliogeophysical factors. The study has revealed that the epidemic activity of ZCL foci is characterized by cyclicity with variations of about 2.4, 3.6, 6.9, and 11.2 years. The changes in ZCL morbidity in the areas, including the natural ZCL foci of Murgab delta landscapes, slightly differ from those in the areas with valley foci in the south part of the velayat in the duration and expression of cycles. At the same time sun-caused 11-year cycles are observed in all groups of the areas, though they are slightly more pronounced in the north than in the south. The greatest epidemic outbreaks (1956-1957, 1965, 1977, and 1986-1988) occurred in various areas of the Murgab oasis on an average of 1-3 years after the minimum of 11-year solar cycles. Noteworthy, they are greatly marked in odd solar activity cycles (the 1957 and 1977 outbreaks) in many areas. Among the parameters chosen, the radio flux of solar radiation at a wavelenght of 10.7 cm and the Wolf number (the correlation coefficients are as high as 0.30-0.50 at P = 0.95) are closely related with ZCL morbidity changes when the plot is shifted. At the same time the values of the geomagnetic Aa-index are unlikely to greatly affect changes in the epidemiological situation. The regularities revealed are of particular significance for long-term prediction of the greatest rises of ZCL morbidity rates. Taking into account the estimated solar activity changes within the next years, one may expect activation of natural ZCL foci and, in case of untimely use of prophylactic measures, the following rise in the population's morbidity in 1998-1999.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1997

[Usefulness of computed tomography and scintigraphy in diagnosis of emphysematous bullae in the lung].

UNLABELLED: The x-ray examinations usually do not reveal morbid changes after lung expansion in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. In our observation computed tomography (CT) and scintigraphy enable not only the exact determination of the extent of changes but also they disclose bullae invisible in conventional chest radiographs. 15 patients with cured spontaneous pneumothorax and 10 patients with radiographic evidence of a bulla or bullae were examined. CT scans showed bullae from 3 to 18 cm in diameter involving predominantly the upper lobes. 4 patients had additionally subpleural or intraparenchymal bullae of various degrees. In all patients with cured spontaneous pneumothorax, CT scans revealed intraparenchymal bullae, and in 6 cases bilateral intraparenchymal bullae were revealed. Only in sites of large bullae, no isotopic marker or its low elimination was shown in perfusion and inhalation scintigraphy. 10 patients with giant bullous emphysema were operated; in 6 patients enucleation of bullae, in 3 lobectomy and in one patient bullectomy were performed. CONCLUSION: CT is a method of choice in the diagnosis of lung emphysematous bullae and it enables the detection of the changes undetectable in chest radiographs. Perfusion and inhalation scintigraphy is helpful in the diagnosis of large emphysematous bullae and postoperative follow-up examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiological transition in Latin America: the case of Chile.

To describe Chile's stage of epidemiological transition, a descriptive study of the changes to the demographic and economic profile of this country during the last 20 years is presented. The decline in the total fertility rate from 3.4 in 1970 to 2.6 in 1992 and the important decrease in general and infant mortality rate has led to an increase of life expectancy of 8 years for men and 9 years for women. This has resulted in changes to the age structure and causes of mortality and morbidity of the population. A reduction of 82% in the proportion of deaths among children < 1 year and a 73% increase of mortality amongst those 65 years and older can be observed. In line with these changes non-communicable diseases have increased from 53.7% of all deaths in 1970 to 74.9% in 1991. In the same period mortality rates from cardiovascular causes have decreased from 189.6 to 161.1 per 100,000 population, whilst their relative proportion of all causes has increased from 22.3% to 29%. High prevalence of risk factors should lead to a significant increase of chronic diseases in future years. Regarding morbidity, a high incidence rate for tuberculosis persists together with an increase of infections of the digestive system and of sexually transmitted diseases. A decrease in the rates of diseases preventable by immunisation has been noted. It is concluded that, as defined by population mortality statistics, Chile is in a post-transition stage but with a persistence of some infectious diseases corresponding to a transitional stage of development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Patterns of demographic change in the Americas.

Considerable scholarly debate has focused on the nature of demographic change in the Americas before and after 1492. Recent research on human skeletal samples and related archeological materials suggests that morbidity and mortality were increasing throughout much of the Western Hemisphere before 1492 in response to increased population density, increased sedentism, and changing subsistence. The evidence suggests that after 1492 population reduction was caused not by continental pandemics but by localized or regional epidemics augmented by social and economic disruption. The twentieth century has witnessed remarkable Native American population recovery, fueled both by improvements in health care and changing definitions of "being Indian."

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1989

Trends in perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in India.

Although the infant mortality rate (IMR) has reduced by 50% during the past century, it compares poorly with the advanced countries and some developing countries. The observed fall in IMR has been mostly in post-neonatal mortality, with the result that neonatal deaths now account for over 60% of all infant deaths. The overall perinatal mortality rate (PMR) in India is still over 50 per 1000 and has shown virtually no decline during the past decade, However, PMR differs widely in different states, urban/rural areas, different hospitals and so on. PMR is seen to correlate better with social development than economic development of the representative community. The causes of perinatal deaths suggest poor health of mother and poor health facilities and are hence potentially preventable. Various studies have shown that PMR can be significantly reduced within a short span of time. The registration of vital statistics continue to be highly unsatisfactory especially in rural areas.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1989

The road to health.

This article is published as a tribute to Professor Thomas McKeown, the eminent epidemiologist, who died in 1988 aged 75. In it the author urges that the spread of services comprising primary health care be arranged in strict order of priority. Since improvements in nutrition have a particularly profound effect on health they should be the primary aim of developing countries.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1987

Assessing the impact of the expanded programme on immunization: the example of Indonesia.

The early impact of the expanded programme on immunization (EPI) in reducing morbidity from diphtheria was evaluated in the province of Yogyakarta, Java, Indonesia. Since 1980, coverage of two doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunization has been greater than 60% in Yogyakarta. The morbidity rate for diphtheria for children aged 0-4 years decreased from 4.3 per 100 000 population in 1978-79 to 1.7 per 100 000 in 1981-82, a reduction of 60%. In contrast, the morbidity rate for children aged 5-9 years remained relatively constant over the 5-year period. The EPI programme has therefore had a demonstrable effect on 0-4-year-olds in Yogyakarta.

Child↗
PubMed1993

The Kingston Project. III. The effects of high energy supplement and metronidazole on malnourished children rehabilitated in the community: morbidity and growth.

In the Kingston Project malnourished children referred from public health clinics to a metabolic ward were treated at home using community health aides within the existing health service. We have previously provided anthropometric results showing significantly greater gains in weight and length for groups given a high energy supplement (3.31 MJ daily) for 3 months during treatment, and greatest gains for a group treated with metronidazole at the beginning of supplementation [Heikens et al., Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 43, 145-160 (1989); 47, 160-173 (1993)]. We now present findings on morbidity and relate these to the separate interventions and to growth velocities. Although referral was solely on nutritional criteria, 65% of the sample were found to have additional illnesses at enrollment. During the study period (6 months) upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) were the commonest illness in all groups; there were significantly more gastroenteric infections in the group given the supplement, but not the antibiotic, treatment; the children who received only the standard health service care were ill more often and for longer periods than children in the other groups. Diarrhoea, fever and dysentery prevalences were all found to relate significantly to weight velocity, and although prevalences differed between treatment groups, the detrimental effect on velocity was similar whichever the group.

Child, Preschool↗