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PubMed1986

[Psychogenic pathologic personality development in advanced age].

A study of 51 patients with psychogenic abnormalities developed in old age has shown that the development of such disorders is a comparatively frequent outcome of neuroses and reactive psychoses with the onset in the presenile period and only as an exception takes place in patients with the onset of psychogenic disturbances in old age. Depressive development has proved most typical for advanced age. Such manifestations as chronic subdepression, diffuse hypochondria, egocentrism and rent orientations are universal for all clinical variants of senile pathological development of personality. According to a regression analysis the development of psychogenic disturbances in the second half of life is facilitated by the objective significance and persistence of traumatic situations, a low professional level of patients and a number of other socio-psychological and biological characteristics of the person.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

A census study of mental illness in Samsø.

Census data from the Danish island of Samsø have provided information on all but 20% of the population. Fifty per cent of the population with past or present mental illness had been referred to the psychiatric service during the 18-year-period 1957--74; the proportion varied from 85% for patients with psychoses (100% for schizophrenic patients, and 90% for manic-depressive patients) to 43% with non-psychotic disorders. The frequency of past and present mental illness was 24%, higher for women with manic-depressive disorders, psychogenic (reactive) psychoses, and neuroses. The possible reasons for these and other findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Suicide in psychiatric patients in Denmark, 1971-1981. II. Hospital utilization and risk groups.

A register-based analysis was made of hospital utilization and time of suicide among psychiatric patients in Denmark. Suicidal schizophrenic patients had long hospitalizations and their suicide frequency was comparatively constant. Patients with reactive psychoses and affective reactions had more often only one hospitalization and few bed/days. Forty percent of the latter group had previously attempted suicide and only one in six was offered outpatient follow-up. The highest age-, sex-, and diagnosis-specific suicide rates were found among middle-aged and elderly men with manic-depressive or reactive psychoses, and neuroses or personality disorders. Some groups of patients with affective reactions had comparatively high suicide rates, whereas those for patients with a main diagnosis of substance abuse corresponded to the average for the whole patient population. The average suicide rates for manic-depressive women corresponded to that for all male patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotherapy in general practice of physicians and psychologists].

This study tries to reveal the epidemiology of outpatient psychotherapy in practices in a defined northern area of Germany (Schleswig-Holstein, 2.66 Mill. inhabitants) by a postal questioning of all medical (n = 242) and psychological (n = 45) psychotherapists registered. Psychotherapy was defined as enclosing at least 10 meetings. 54.7% of the questionnaires were returned to us. An analysis on this database showed that 8310 adult patients were psychotherapeutically treated within one year (0.3% of the population). On the base of different epidemiological studies the treatment prevalence widely differed from 3.9 to 31.9%. The majority of diagnoses were reactive disorders or neuroses (52.8%) and psychosomatic disorders (24.3%). Patients out of middle and upper social classes, with higher educational levels, and from urban areas (> 100 000 inhabitants) were more likely to be treated than others. This trend was significantly more apparent in psychologists than in physicians.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Psychiatric disorders as they relate to aviation: the problem in perspective.

The major causes of licence loss among pilots during 1965-81 are discussed in relation to the effect of recent changes in licensing practices, such as permission to use beta-blockers. Mental disorders comprised the second highest cause of licence loss during 1965-77 (13.0%) and remained at a high level during 1977-81 (14.7%). The age-related incidences of alcoholism, psychoses and neuroses, and idiopathic and reactive flight phobia are detailed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Decline in the diagnosis of schizophrenia among first admissions to Scottish mental hospitals from 1969-78.

Annual age-standardised first admission rates from 1969-78 for Scottish mental hospitals were calculated for schizophrenia, paranoid states, reactive psychoses, all affective psychoses, mania, and depressive neuroses. Significant decreases were found in the diagnosis of schizophrenia (P less than 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, affective psychoses (P less than 0.01) and depressive neuroses (P less than 0.02). The incidence of paranoid states, reactive psychoses, and mania did not change significantly. Several factors possibly contributing to the decline in diagnoses of schizophrenia are discussed, but it is concluded that the figures probably reflect a genuine fall in incidence. The decline in the categories of affective disorder is likely to reflect trends towards increasing provision of community-based care.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2001

[Dynamics and prognosis of mental disorders incidence in elderly patients].

Mental disorders incidence grows constantly in patients of 60 and older. It has grown by 9.8% in 1998 as compared with 1993 and by 21.2% as compared with 1991. In 1998 psychoses and mental retardation incidence was 117.1, while nonpsychotic forms of the disorders--136.4 per 100 thousands of population at the age of 60 and older. The main increase of the incidence was found in the group with disorders characteristic for the late age. A number of the new patients with senile psychoses and dementias increased in 1998 by 21.3% as compared with 1993, while a number of patients with nonpsychotic disorders of vascular nature during the same period increased by 61.2% and with the disorders of the other organic nature--by 35.3%. From 1995 the individuals of the old age had high incidence of reactive states--by 58.9%, of neuroses--by 71.8% and of psychosomatic diseases--by 72.2%. The paper predicts further increase of mental disorders incidence in the population of elderly and old age.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Decline in the diagnosis of schizophrenia among first contacts with psychiatric services in north-east Scotland, 1969-1984.

Annual age-standardised rates for first contacts with psychiatric services in the Aberdeen area from 1969 to 1984 were calculated for schizophrenia, paranoid states, reactive psychoses, all affective psychoses, mania, and depressive neuroses. Highly significant declines occurred in the diagnosis of schizophrenia and of depressive neuroses. No concomitant increase occurred. It is concluded that these results probably indicate that there has been a fall in the incidence of schizophrenia in North-East Scotland. This may have arisen due to changes in the mode of expression and/or the severity of all functional psychoses.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Test with 0.1g L-DOPA in clinical neuroses and neurosis-like states].

Effect of a test with administration of 0.1 g L-DOPA, reflecting the synthetic processes in sympathoadrenal system and its reactivity, on dynamics of catecholamine and DOPA excretion with urine was studied in patients with neuroses and neurosis-like states, namely, in women with climacteric syndrome, in men with sexual deteriorations, in patients with general neuroses and in patients with initial manifestations of brain circulation insufficiency. Evaluation of various specific types of sympathoadrenal system responses to the L-DOPA administration as compared with healthy persons as well as evaluation of the response types characteristic for individual syndromes, improved the diagnostics of neuroses. The test with 0.1 g DOPA permitted also to estimate the efficiency of treatment as well as to design the most specialized treatment of the patients.

Adult↗