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Results for “NICOTONIC ACID”

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46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

A review of the pharmacotherapy of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the increasing recognition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, the use of pharmacotherapeutics remains less established. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature identified 15 studies (N = 435 subjects) of stimulants, and 22 studies of non-stimulant medications (N = 421 subjects) including antidepressants, antihypertensives, amino acids, and wake-promoting agents for the treatment of ADHD in adults. RESULTS: Studies with stimulants and antidepressants demonstrated significant short-term improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to placebo in adults. Methylphenidate (MPH) and amphetamine had an immediate onset of action whereas the ADHD response to pemoline and antidepressants appeared delayed. The response to amphetamine and MPH appears to be dose-dependent. Controlled data on nicotonic and noradrenergic compounds appear promising. There was considerable variability in diagnostic criteria, dosing parameters, and response rates between the various studies. CONCLUSIONS: Under controlled conditions, the aggregate literature shows that the stimulants and noradrenergic antidepressants had a clinically and statistically significant beneficial effect on treating ADHD in adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pentameric structure and subunit stoichiometry of a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are members of a gene family of ligand-gated transmitter receptors that includes muscle nicotinic receptors, GABAA receptors and glycine receptors. Several lines of evidence indicate that neuronal nicotinic receptors can be made up of only two subunits, an alpha (alpha) subunit which binds ligand, and a non-alpha (n alpha) or beta (beta) subunit. The stoichiometry of each subunit in the functional receptor has been difficult to assess, however. Estimates of the molecular weight of neuronal nicotonic receptor macromolecules suggest that these receptors contain at least four subunits but probably not more than five. We have examined the subunit stoichiometry of the chick neuronal alpha 4/n alpha 1 receptor by first using site-directed mutagenesis to create subunits that confer different single channel properties on the receptor. Co-injection with wild-type and mutant subunits led to the appearance of receptors with wild-type, mutant and hybrid conductances. From the number of hybrid conductances, we could deduce the number of each subunit in the functional receptor.

Acetylcholine↗