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PubMed1977

[Diagnosis of benign neoplasms of the mediastinum].

An analysis of 252 patients with benign tumore and cysts of the mediastinum indicated that high per cent (35%) of diagnostic errors is conditioned by the absence of clinical signs typical for this pathology, as well as rather similar roentgenological symptomatics in its different forms. Following resection of large neoplasms, when it proved unfeasible to close the pleural defect (the removed tumor bed) by suturing its margins, the aughors performed alloplasty with lyophilized pericardium or dura mater. Pleural alloplasty was employed in 18 (8.7%) patients. In all 206 operated patients no significant postoperative complications were observed. There were no lethal issues. Ii is felt that plastic repair of pleural defects should be considered absolutely essential while removing benign mediastinal neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

P53 gene and Wnt signaling in benign neoplasms: beta-catenin mutations in hepatic adenoma but not in focal nodular hyperplasia.

Hepatocellular adenoma (HA) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) are 2 rare, benign liver neoplasms that often are discovered incidentally. To date, few genetic changes have been found in these 2 benign lesions. However, the 2 pathways of p53 and Wnt signaling, which may be the most common molecular targets involved in liver tumorgenesis, were studied in HA and FNH. Ten HAs and 11 FNHs were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and sequencing analysis of mutation hot spots in exons 5 to 8 of the p53 gene. No LOH or mutant sequences were identified, indicating that p53 was not associated with these benign lesions. Genes in the Wnt signaling pathway, including beta-catenin, axin, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), also were studied. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct sequencing of all samples of HA and FNH displayed no mutations in exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene. However, 3 HAs (30%) contained interstitial deletions from exon 3 to exon 4. Truncated forms of beta-catenin detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed they had accumulated in the cytoplasm and nuclei. However, for the axin and APC genes, no genetic changes, including allelic loss, interstitial deletions and point mutations, were detected in any of the HAs and FNHs. In conclusion, beta-catenin, which participates in the Wnt signaling pathway, might play a more important role in the formation of HA than in that of FNH, but p53 is not associated with the development of either HA or FNH.

Adenoma, Liver Cell↗
PubMed2001

Benign Neoplasms of the Liver.

Tumors of the liver often are discovered incidentally in asymptomatic individuals during diagnostic imaging or exploratory laparotomy performed for alternative reasons. Hemangiomas are the most common benign liver tumors, followed in prevalence by focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH); other benign tumors are rare. The growth and development of hemangiomas, FNH, and hepatic adenomas especially, have been linked to hormonal (eg, estrogen) stimulation. Differentiating between benign and malignant neoplasms of the liver can be challenging. Radiologic imaging is essential for preliminary identification and classification of hepatic tumors, but tissue biopsy or surgical excision sometimes is required for a definitive diagnosis. Individuals with hemangioma or FNH usually are asymptomatic, have a benign course, and can be managed conservatively. In contrast, hepatic adenomas need to be followed more carefully and often are excised to provide symptomatic relief, remove the risk of rupture, and avoid potential malignant transformation. Liver transplantation in patients with benign hepatic neoplasms is exceedingly uncommon, and is recommended only when alternative methods of treatment are not feasible or have failed to control significant symptoms.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rare benign neoplasms of the larynx: rhabdomyoma and lipoma.

Two rare benign tumors of the larynx are presented. The first case is a recurrent multifocal rhabdomyoma, the second a lipoma of the larynx. Both tumors were growing beneath a normal-looking mucosa; deep biopsies were necessary to obtain a histologic diagnosis. Lipomas can be diagnosed by CT or MRI. A review of the literature of these two rare benign tumors is also presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Benign neoplasms of the oral cavity.

A wide variety of benign tumors present in the oral cavity. These tumors are for the most part rare and are classified by the tissue of origin. Although benign oral cavity tumors are not life-threatening, they can result in extensive loss of soft tissue and/or bone. Furthermore, many patients are subject to the threat of recurrence, multiple surgical procedures, and the possibility of malignant degeneration. Because many tumors vary little clinically, an adequate biopsy specimen must be obtained for diagnosis. Radiographs are, in general, nondiagnostic. Collaboration with an experienced pathologist is necessary to determine the tumor's probable clinical behavior. Therapy, which is dictated by tumor type, is almost always surgical.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Sclerosing stromal tumour--a rare ovarian benign neoplasm: description of three cases.

Sclerosing stromal tumour is a rare benign usually unilateral ovarian tumour. We present three cases of this neoplasm in young females, including one bilateral case. All tumours were composed of cellular areas forming pseudolobular patterns, as well as vascular, fibrous, and myxoid areas. The characteristic feature of tumours was cellular heterogenity. All tumours revealed negative immunostaining for cytokeratin, and intense positive immunostaining for vimentin, and smooth muscle actin. Immunostaining for desmin and progesterone receptors was weakly positive.

Actins↗
PubMed1989

Pleomorphic fibroma of the skin: a benign neoplasm with cytologic atypia. A clinicopathologic study of eight cases.

A clinicopathologic study of eight examples of polypoid and dome-shaped cutaneous fibrous lesions with sparse cellularity but striking nuclear atypia and rare mitotic figures is presented. Positive immunohistochemical staining for vimentin and actin supported the fibroblastic nature of these lesions. All eight cases were adults whose ages ranged from 33 to 67 years (mean 52 years). Five were women and three were men. Five lesions were located on extremities, two on the trunk, and one on the face and they measured from 4 to 16 mm in greatest dimension. The lesions were clinically followed from 4 months to 5 years. They all showed benign clinical behavior, with only one local recurrence in a lesion that had been incompletely removed. The nuclear atypia seen in these fibrous lesions may be similar to that which occurs in other benign mesenchymal neoplasms, such as pleomorphic lipoma, pleomorphic leiomyoma, ancient schwannoma, and variants of dermatofibroma with atypical cells. We suggest that "pleomorphic fibroma" is an appropriate term for this lesion based on its histologic differentiation, cytologic atypia, and benign clinical course.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Benign neoplasms of the small intestine].

The authors report four cases of benign tumors of the small bowel (2 leiomyomas and 2 lipomas). After a short review of the literature, they put in evidence the relatively infrequent occurrence and the difficulties involved in early preoperative diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Benign neoplasms of the stomach: personal cases].

After discussing the diagnostic approach to benign tumours of the stomach on the basis of the most valid classifications in literature, the Authors describe the symptoms and frequency of these tumours. They then report 12 personally observed cases, and in particular one case of neurofibroma of the gastric fundus, which was exceptional for localisation, volume and clinical course. They conclude that only open extemporaneous surgical examination can provide confirmation of the benign nature of the neoformation. Therapy must in any case be surgical: the extent of removal will be governed by the extent and location of the tumour, and by the outcome of the histological examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytologic analysis of benign neoplasms and some pseudotumors of otorhinolaryngologic organs].

The authors detail cytological picture of some benign tumors and pseudotumors encountered in otorhinolaryngological practice: oncocytoma, angioma, lipoma, soft fibroma, mixoma, paraganglioma, chondroma, angiogranuloma, cholesteatoma of the ear, protein pseudotumors (early-stage fibrinoid-hyaline nodes), polyps of the nose and ear, sarcoidosis. Cytological techniques made it possible to establish accurate diagnosis in 90% and 82% of cases with benign tumors and pseudotumors, respectively.

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear↗
PubMed1981

[The differential diagnosis of benign neoplasms of the nasal septum (author's transl)].

More than 90 per cent of neoplasms of the nasal septum are malignant. A 37 year old man with a bleeding nasal cavity neoplasm, which histologically was a pleomorphic adenoma is reported. These benign lesions usually occur in the salivary glands and this case is discussed with due regard to the unusual site of origin. The rare reports of pleomorphic adenomas of the nasal septum, especially regarding management and prognosis, are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Expression of CA 72-4 (TAG-72) in the fluid contents of pancreatic cysts. A new marker to distinguish malignant pancreatic cystic tumors from benign neoplasms and pseudocysts.

OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated cyst fluid CA 72-4 as a tumor marker in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pancreatic cystic lesions include inflammatory pseudocysts, serious cystadenomas, and mucinous tumors. Mucinous tumors can be further subdivided into mucinous cystadenocarcinomas and premalignant mucinous cystic neoplasms. The clinical and radiologic features of these lesions are unreliable to make a preoperative diagnosis of these diagnostically difficult lesions. Analysis of aspirated cyst fluid was proposed as an aid to making the preoperative differential diagnosis. Currently, a number of parameters have been reported as useful markers in cyst fluid aspirates, including the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 15.3, enzymes (amylase, lipase, and amylase isoenzymes), relative viscosity, and cytologic analysis. However, owing to the rarity of pancreatic cystic tumors, experience with cyst fluid analysis is limited. To define additional markers that might be useful in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts, the authors measured the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) in aspirates from 19 pancreatic cystic lesions. METHODS: Cyst fluid from 19 pancreatic cysts was obtained by needle aspiration. The tumor marker TAG-72 was measured by a commercial (CA 72-4) immunoassay. RESULTS: Cyst fluid CA 72-4 levels in mucinous cystadenocarcinomas were markedly elevated (mean, 10,027 U/mL; range, 780 to 34,853 U/mL) compared with that in pseudocysts (mean, 3.8 U/mL; range, < 3 to 5.7 U/mL) and serous cystadenomas (mean and range, < 3 U/mL; p < 0.001). The level of CA 72-4 in benign mucinous cystic neoplasms was intermediate (mean, 44.2 U/mL; range, < 3 to 137 U/mL), but it was statistically different from either carcinomas (p = 0.009) or benign cysts (p < 0.001).

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intermediate resection and distal pancreatectomy for benign neoplasms of the pancreas: comparison of postoperative complications and costs].

The middle pancreatic resection for benign pathology of the pancreas has been proposed as an advantageous alternative to the distal pancreatectomy, even though the risk of complications is greater. The purpose of the present study is to compare the cost and intra and perioperative impact for the 2 procedures. All patients with benign neoplasia of the body and tail of the pancreas operated on from 1990-1999 were selected from our computer archives, 21 patients underwent an intermediate resection and 64 a distal pancreatectomy. Operative time, units transfused, perioperative complications, post-operative stay and cost were compared. Statistical analysis revealed that the 2 operations are not significantly different in the intra-operative period. Comparing serious complications, the percentage of pancreatic fistulas (33% vs. 11%; P < 0.03) and average hospital stay (21.2 +/- 11.7 days vs. 15.5 +/- 7.1 days; p = 0.009) are greater for the middle than distal resection, respectively. In cases with post-operative complications the hospital stay is even more significant (middle 31.8 +/- 10.3 days vs. 19.1 +/- 7.6 days; p = 0.0002). The economic margin of residual costs, calculated by using the difference of DRG (no 192) and average post-operative costs, is similar for the 2 procedures in cases with normal post-operative courses, (intermediate Euro 2890.02; distal Euro 3181.9), while in cases with complications (DRG no 191), the difference increases (intermediate Euro 8670.11; distal Euro 12788.94). The middle pancreatic resection in respect to the distal pancreatectomy presents a greater technical difficulty when you take into account the longer post-operative course, the increased difficulty in treating complications and the increased costs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

HMGI(Y) expression in human uterine leiomyomata. Involvement of another high-mobility group architectural factor in a benign neoplasm.

Chromosomal rearrangements involving 6p21 have been observed in uterine leiomyomata and a variety of other benign tumors. The gene for HMGI(Y), a member of the high-mobility group (HMG) family of proteins, has been localized to 6p21. To determine whether rearrangements observed in this area alter HMGI(Y) expression, we analyzed HMGI(Y) DNA-binding activity in protein extracts from uterine leiomyoma and normal myometrium tissues. This report describes a uterine leiomyoma specimen with an inv(6)(p21q15). A genomic P1 clone that contains the HMGI(Y) region of chromosome 6 is found to span the inversion breakpoint by fluorescent in situ hybridization of metaphase chromosomes. Expression of HMGI(Y) protein in this leiomyoma specimen is increased dramatically as compared with the matching normal myometrial tissue. Elevated HMGI(Y) expression was also found in 8 of 16 leiomyomas without cytogenetically detectable chromosome 6p21 aberrations but not in any of the 9 matching myometrial tissues. Analysis of the genetic events involved in the pathobiology of these benign tumors will provide a basis for understanding the process of improper cellular growth and might be important in deciphering the multistep pathway of tumorigenesis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Ovarian cortex surrounding benign neoplasms: a histologic study.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the functional morphologic features of the ovarian cortex surrounding benign cysts. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-four specimens (13 mature teratomas, nine benign cystadenomas, and 32 endometriomas) were obtained from the area of maximum distention of the ovarian cortex overlying benign cysts from 48 patients. The type and number of follicles were scored on a semiquantitative scale (0 to 4). Alterations of the cortical stroma that were related to the primary tumor were investigated. The vascular network was assessed by means of monoclonal antibodies directed against endothelial cells (anti-VW, QBEND/10) and scored on a scale from 0 to 2. The chi 2 and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Morphologic patterns similar to those of the normal ovarian cortex were observed in the cortical tissue surrounding mature teratomas, benign cystomas, and endometriomas in 92%, 77%, and 19% (p < 0.01) of specimens, respectively, and a regular vascular network was observed in 84%, 78%, and 22% (p < 0.01). Although microscopic endometriosis was observed surrounding the endometrioma in the stroma of 82% of specimens, stromal alterations related to the ovarian tumor were absent in the cortex surrounding mature teratomas and cystadenomas. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that the ovarian cortex, which is stretched and thinned by the growth of a benign tumor, is not morphologically altered in the presence of teratomas or benign cystadenomas. Endometriomas are associated with microscopic stromal implants and reduced follicular number and activity.

Adolescent↗