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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1975

Osteosclerosis in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Osteosclerosis in adults with primary hyperparathyoidism is rare; the usual skeletal manifestation, when presented, is diffuse osteropenia. We describe a patient with generalized osteosclerosis in association with primary hyperparathyroidism. The findings are documented by conventional and fine-detail radiography, absorptiometric bone mineral analysis, quantitative microradiography and histologic examination of bone. The unique features are contrasted with the manifestations recorded in a recently studied group of 87 hyperparathyroid patients. The data presented here support a causal relationship in this patient between parathyroid hormone excess and the development of densely sclerotic bones.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1982

Qualitative bone defect in uremic osteosclerosis.

Osteosclerosis, an increased volume of trabecular bone, is a common but often misinterpreted feature of uremic osteodystrophy. Despite the apparent radiographic density of osteosclerotic bone, pain and fracture may be associated. If accumulated osteoid and woven bone exceed the volume of lamellar bone removed in chronic renal insufficiency, bone density may be reduced despite increased trabecular volume. Concomitant histomorphometric and photon absorption determinations of transileal bone biopsies were done to investigate the relationship between quantity and quality of bone in uremic and non-uremic osteopenic patients. In osteopenic patients with uremia, bone core density had no significant relationship to trabecular bone volume or mineralized bone volume whereas in non-uremic osteopenic patients, these parameters were directly related (r = 0.867 and r = 0.921, respectively, p less than 0.001). The bone core density in the uremic patients was negatively correlated with the total osteoid volume (r = -0.764, p less than 0.05) and positively related to the serum phosphorus concentration (r = 0.739, p less than 0.05). Serum levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and alkaline phosphatase activity were higher in the patients with radiographic osteosclerosis than in the other uremic patients. The lack of correlation between bone volume and density indicates a qualitative defect in uremic bone. It appears that in uremia, elevated iPTH and serum phosphorus levels may augment bone formation, albeit poorly mineralized with woven architecture. While radiographic density paradoxically increases, the amount of normally mineralized bone may be reduced.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

The frequency and distribution of idiopathic osteosclerosis.

Full-mouth radiographs of 1921 patients were examined for the presence of radiopacities that could not be attributed to any known sources of bone formation. A total of 103 patients, or 5.4%, exhibited these foci of idiopathic osteosclerosis. Most lesions were located in the vicinity of the mandibular premolars, and the majority had some connection to the apices of the teeth. No difference in frequency between males and females was detected overall, but a statistically significant preponderance of idiopathic osteosclerosis was found in blacks, with a predilection for black females also noted.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adult osteosclerosis.

Quantitative bone histology was carried out in five osteosclerotic adults. The bone was extremely hard in all patients, and open biopsy was usually required. One patient, aged 18 years, presented with hypoplastic anemia, and the most probable explanation for the osteosclerosis is a marrow stem cell defect leading to defective osteoclasts. Another had the dominant form of osteopetrosis. Her bone contained cartilage remnants, and there were many large, morphologically abnormal osteoclasts, which lacked normal cytoplasmic acid phosphatase activity. The third patient had chronic renal failure and osteomalacia; here the increased bone mass might have resulted from an inability of normal osteoclasts to resorb bone, due to the surface coating of osteoid, though an earlier increase of bone formation cannot be excluded. The fourth patient, who suffered from systemic mastocytosis, had high turnover bone, with greatly increased bone formation. The fifth patient, with fluorosis of bone, also had increased bone formation and resorption, the process being much more pronounced in the head of her pathologically fractured femur than it was in the iliac crest. In this patient some osteoclasts had reduced acid phosphatase activity and long cytoplasmic extensions, both changes similar to those observed in diphosphonate-treated animals. Very diverse processes can result in the increased cancellous bone mass producing the radiographic appearance of diffuse osteosclerosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Distal phalangeal brachydactyly and osteosclerosis in a case of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

A case of severe hyperparathyroidism (HPT), secondary to chronic renal failure, with massive distal phalangeal osteolysis is reported. After parathyroidectomy, brachydactyly and osteosclerosis of the distal phalanges were observed; the phalanx of the thumbs healed with shortened and sclerotic beaked appearance. These radiographic findings are actually uncommon because of more efficient treatment of renal osteodystrophy. Pathophysiology of this bone sclerotic lesion is discussed, and other causes of distal phalangeal osteosclerosis are mentioned.

Bone Resorption↗

PubMed2002

Syndrome of myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis: a series of case reports and review of the literature.

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a chronic disorder characterized by bone marrow evidence of myeloid metaplasia associated with reactive fibrosis, angiogenesis, and osteosclerosis. We report serum biochemistry, noninvasive markers of bone turnover, tetracycline-labeled bone histomorphometry, and bone densitometry (DXA) data of four men presenting with newly diagnosed biopsy-proven MF and osteosclerosis. The mechanisms and putative growth factors responsible for this syndrome are examined.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Acquired osteosclerosis associated with intravenous drug use and hepatitis C infection.

Hepatitis C has recently been recognized as a secondary cause of osteosclerosis; a further example, the first outside of North America, is described. A 37-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use and known to be hepatitis C antibody positive presented with bone pain. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an increase in cortical and trabecular bone that on biopsy was of a normal lamellar pattern but markedly sclerotic. Biochemical markers of bone formation (serum osteocalcin) and resorption (urinary hydroxyproline excretion rate) were both markedly elevated. Pain lessened following administration of pamidronate. Biochemical markers of bone turnover fell towards their reference ranges 12 months after initiating pamidronate therapy but without significant change in bone mineral density. Osteosclerosis is a rare complication of hepatitis C infection, the symptoms of which are controllable with diphosphonate therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

A longitudinal study of idiopathic osteosclerosis and condensing osteitis.

OBJECTIVE: To document the prevalence of idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) and condensing osteitis (CO) in a middle-age-to-older adult population and determine their long term behavior. STUDY DESIGN: Full-mouth radiographs of 1585 adults, with a mean age 44.0 years, were evaluated for the presence of radiopaque masses diagnosed as IO or CO. All lesions were followed for 2 to 28 years, mean 10.4, to determine changes in size and shape. RESULTS: There were 187 lesions detected, 100 IO in 90 subjects (5.7%) and 87 CO in 71 subjects (4.5%). At follow-up, 180 lesions (96%) were still present, of which 155 were unchanged in size, 18 were smaller, and 7 were larger. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic osteosclerosis in middle age to older adults is stable and requires no further action after documentation in the patient's clinical records.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Multiple periarticular osteosclerosis accompanied by joint destruction treated with bilateral total knee arthroplasty.

This report documents the case of a 53-year-old man with multiple periarticular osteosclerosis in the bilateral wrists, elbows, knees, and ankles. He underwent bilateral total knee arthroplasty to relieve difficult walking as a result of osteosclerosis accompanied by joint destruction in both knees. Because the bones were abnormally hard and brittle, the start of the surgery caused fracture, so that considerable caution was necessary during the subsequent procedures. The patient's symptoms were thought to be associated with hemodialysis because he had been suffering from renal failure since 1989. Involvement of other associated diseases was also suspected because of the unusually formation, brittleness and crystallinity of the patient's bones. However, no definite diagnosis could be made for this patient.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗

PubMed2006

Serum soluble factors induce the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and transforming growth factor-beta signal in osteoblastic cells in the patient with hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis.

Hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosis (HCAO) is a rare syndrome characterized by severe, acquired, generalized osteosclerosis and hyperostosis in adults who are infected with the hepatitis C virus. However, the detail of the pathogenesis of HCAO is still unknown. We examined the effects of serum of the HCAO patient on the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-Smad signaling in mouse osteoblastic cells. The patient was compatible with HCAO, characterized by high bone mass, bone thickening and bone pain with normal lamelar bone. The serum from the HCAO patient increased the levels of TGF-beta and Smad3 expression in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, compared with the control subject. Moreover, the serum from the HCAO patient significantly augmented TGF-beta-induced transcriptional activity with luciferase assay using 3TP-Lux with a Smad3-specific responsive element. In addition, the serum from the HCAO patient significantly stimulated the MTT intensity, the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, a proliferation marker, and ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells, compared with that from the control subject. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the serum from the HCAO patient stimulated TGF-beta-Smad signaling, as well as the proliferation and ALP activity in osteoblastic cells. Some soluble factors other than parathyroid hormone might be related to the pathogenesis of HCAO.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Osteosclerosis of the vertebrae in radiological diagnosis and its pathomechanism].

Primarily osteosclerosis is detected in secondary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophia and some renal tubular disorders. As mentioned, the sclerosis of vertebral body is often prominent in the regions adjacent to the endplates the typical "rugger-jersey-spine". In our study osteosclerosis was detected in about 10% of the patients with renal osteodystrophia. A still unknown defect in vitamin D-metabolism and a increased avidity of the skeleton for calcium may also involved. The result of this accumulation of steroid is a net increase of bone tissue, with or not mineralization. Conventional radiography is the method of choice in detecting typical features.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Mouse reduced in osteosclerosis transporter functions as an organic anion transporter 3 and is localized at abluminal membrane of blood-brain barrier.

The "reduced in osteosclerosis" transporter (Roct), which shows decreased expression in the osteosclerosis (oc) mutant mouse, has high homology with rat and human organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3). However, its transport properties and involvement in bone turnover are poorly understood. Here, we examined Roct-mediated transport using a Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. Roct-expressing oocytes exhibited uptake of [(3)H]estrone sulfate, [(3)H]p-aminohippuric acid, [(3)H]benzylpenicillin, [(3)H]estradiol 17beta-glucronide, [(3)H]indoxyl sulfate, [(14)C]indomethacin, [(3)H]homovanillic acid, [(3)H]cimetidine, [(14)C]glutarate, [(14)C]salicylic acid, and [(3)H]methotrexate. Furthermore, the uptake of [(3)H]benzylpenicillin by Roct coexpressed with Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter was trans-stimulated by glutarate preloading, and [(3)H]estrone sulfate uptake showed a similar tendency, suggesting that Roct is a dicarboxylate exchanger. [(3)H]Benzylpenicillin uptake by Roct was inhibited by OAT3 substrates and inhibitors, and by sulfate or glucuronide conjugates, and compounds involved in bone turnover. Roct mRNA is expressed abundantly in the kidney and was also detected in the brain, choroid plexus, and eye. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Roct is localized in brain capillary endothelial cells. These results indicate that the transport properties and tissue distribution of Roct are similar to those of OAT3, suggesting that Roct functions as mouse OAT3. Because Roct is expressed in the kidney and at the blood-brain barrier, it may play a role in the excretion of substrates such as conjugates and bone turnover factors.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

A case of IgD myeloma presenting as diffuse osteosclerosis.

A case of IgD myeloma accompanied by diffuse osteosclerosis is reported. A trephine biopsy specimen showed only reticulin fibrosis, but histomorphometric analysis of a full thickness transiliac bone biopsy specimen showed increased trabecular bone mass, with no local deposit of tumour. An excess of bone surfaces were covered by osteoid seams, all of which showed active mineralisation, indicating a relative increase in osteoblastic activity; osteoclasis seemed to be unaffected. It is suggested that the cause of the generalised osteosclerosis might be production of an osteoblast stimulating factor by the myeloma cells.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Intramedullary osteosclerosis: imaging features in nine patients.

PURPOSE: To determine the conventional radiographic, computed tomographic (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, scintigraphic, and histologic features of intramedullary osteosclerosis and to review the clinical features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine female patients with leg pain and imaging features indicative of intramedullary sclerosis were seen during a 25-year period. None of the patients had a history of trauma or infection, familial bone disease, or related abnormal laboratory findings. Imaging studies included radiography (n = 9), CT (n = 4), MR imaging (n = 5), and skeletal scintigraphy (n = 5). Histologic correlation was available in five patients. RESULTS: Sixteen bone lesions (midtibia, n = 14; distal fibula, n = 1; and proximal femur, n = 1) were evident. Both lower extremities were involved in seven patients, and a single extremity was involved in two. Intramedullary sclerosis was present, as was cortical thickening, mainly in the diaphysis of the long bones, without extensive periosteal reaction or soft-tissue involvement. Findings at bone scintigraphy were positive in all lesions. Histologic analysis showed nonspecific changes of markedly sclerotic bone with a variable degree of mineralization and maturity. CONCLUSION: Intramedullary osteosclerosis is a distinct disorder that typically affects the diaphysis of one or both tibiae in women. Characteristic imaging findings, when coupled with clinical information, allow precise diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Osteosclerosis in F344/DuCrj rats.

Osteosclerosis was observed in the tibia and sternum in F344/DuCrj rats of both sexes at 6, 18 and 30 months of age. The lesion first seen was a proliferation of osteogenic tissues on the marrow surface of the cortical bone and bone trabeculae, resulting in replacement of the marrow cavity by lamellar bone. Most of the affected rats had associated degenerative osteoarthrosis and regressive changes of the growth plate. Osteosclerosis was considered to be an aging change, lesions were observed at 6 months and increased in frequency with age.

Aging↗

PubMed1997

Pathogenesis of osteosclerosis in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if the generalized osteosclerosis seen on skeletal radiographs of patients with osteopetrosis is associated with an increase in bone density. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Five children (three girls, two boys, 6-12 years old) with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis who had sustained a fracture with minimal trauma had the density and area of cortical bone at the midshaft of the femur and the amount of cancellous vertebral bone per voxel measured by quantitative CT. Values for five children with osteopetrosis were compared with measurements for two control groups of healthy subjects matched for age, sex, Tanner stage of sexual development, race, weight, and height. RESULTS: Both the area of femoral cortical bone and the amount of cancellous vertebral bone per voxel were significantly greater in the children with osteopetrosis than in the healthy children. The density of bone in the children with osteopetrosis was the same as the density in the healthy subjects. Neither sex, age, height, or weight influenced bone density, and values were similar for all 15 children. CONCLUSION: The osteosclerosis depicted on skeletal radiographs of patients with osteopetrosis results from an increase in the amount of bone, not from an increase in the percentage of mineralized bone per unit volume of tissue.

Bone Density↗

PubMed2002

[Idiopathic osteosclerosis in jaw bones. Clinical statistic study on a population of Sardinian origin].

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic Osteosclerosis are localized, non-expansive and asymptomatic areas of bone radio-opacity, whose aetiology is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess its frequency, and distribution according to its location and to patients' age and gender, in a sample of patients native in Sardinia. METHODS: 697 consecutive clinical records of patients who underwent odontological treatment at the Department of Odontostomatologic Sciences at Cagliari University, over a 10-year period were studied. The panoramic radiographs attached to the clinical records were examined and searched for all cases that showed radio-opacity areas in maxillary bones that could be identified as idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO). RESULTS: By examining orthopantomographies we have located 58 IOs. We found no significant differences between the sexes; average age was 37.8 years. The mandible has proved to be the most affected site (98.2%) in the first molar tooth region (34.5%), followed by the premolar teeth region (25.9%) and of the second molar tooth (15.5%). The lesions examined had an average diameter of 8.8 mm. CONCLUSIONS: IO frequency has proved to be slightly higher than that reported in other articles, though remaining significantly lower than the values reported in Eastern populations. From the clinical point of view, IOs have been identified as sporadic radiographic findings without any real pathological relevance, except for one case in which the lesion caused nervous compression and dental retention, so that it was necessary to administer specific treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Case of intraspinal epidural tumor developing after systemic mastocytosis with marked osteosclerosis and myelofibrosis].

A 64-year-old man was diagnosed as having urticaria pigmentosa in 1998, and treated with PUVA therapy. In January 2002, X-ray imaging revealed osteosclerosis was detected in the systemic bone and bone scintigraphy. A bone marrow aspiration sample was not obtained due to a dry tap. CT scans showed hepatosplenomegaly and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Myelofibrosis and diffuse mast cell infiltration were revealed by a bone marrow biopsy, and a diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis with severe osteosclerosis and myelofibrosis was made. In October 2003, he was admitted to our hospital because of mid back pain. A neurological examination showed muscle weakness in the upper and lower limbs, sensory disturbance below the level of Th4 and urinary obstruction. T1 and T2 weighted images of MRI demonstrated a high intensity epidural mass lesion extending from the vertebral level of C5 to Th2 and severely compressing the spinal cord. We considered the possibility of the invasion of the spinal canal by the mastocytosis. The patient was treated with interferon alpha-2b (IFN-alpha2b) and prednisolone. Subsequently, the motor and sensory disturbances were gradually alleviated, and spinal MRI confirmed a marked reduction in the size of the epidural tumor. However, the patient became resistant to interferon, and died of multiple organ failure in spite of steroid pulse and cladribine therapies. Multiple organ infiltration by mast cells was revealed at autopsy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗