Letter: The use of psychological test data to predict open-heart surgery outcome.
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Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
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Results for “Open data”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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[Anatomical data on the endonasal opening of the cells of the ethmoidal labyrinth].
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Adolescent↗
National Practitioner Data Bank slated to open in September.
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Clinical Competence↗
Surface modeling of craniofacial form in human embryos with a limited graphics terminal.
Three-dimensional morphology of the human embryo typically is visualized through computerized modeling techniques utilizing planar contours as the data base. Through this approach, tissue outlines are digitized, and contour lines are superimposed, providing a depth perspective. However, these techniques represent embryonic tissues as discontinuous surfaces and therefore ignore morphological information between sections. The purpose of this study was to develop a computerized routine for the three-dimensional surface modeling of craniofacial morphology in human embryos. Tissue outlines are digitized, thus converting contour information into x,y,z coordinate data. The three-dimensional reconstruction program BCSURF opens the data file and plots each tissue polygon. A center is determined for each contour, and this value is used to divide each polygon into four segments. Surface patches are generated by mapping each segment onto the corresponding segment of subsequent sections. A face table is constructed representing the surface patches and plane normals are generated for each patch. The normal and depth values are appended to the face table, and these measures determine the color intensity for each patch. Finally, patches are plotted providing a polygon mesh model, and each patch is filled with a dither pattern according to shading values. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the craniofacial region in Carnegie embryos (stages 15-17) are generated, and major morphological features are observed. Although bilevel shading capabilities cause discontinuous shading textures, this simple and inexpensive system can be easily upgraded for high-resolution graphics.
Computer Simulation↗
Effects of isoflurane on acetylcholine receptor channels. 1. Single-channel currents.
We studied the effects of the volatile general anesthetic isoflurane on single acetylcholine (ACh) receptor channels from clonal BC3H-1 cells. Excised patches were exposed to concentrations of isoflurane ranging from 0.18% to 4.0%, in the presence of 200 nM ACh. Isoflurane transformed channel behavior from isolated openings into bursts of brief openings. The channel open time decreased monotonically with the concentration of isoflurane; the mean open time was half of control at 0.4% isoflurane. The duration of bursts also decreased in the presence of isoflurane. The duration of brief closures within bursts was 300-400 musec at concentrations above 0.3% isoflurane. The number of openings per burst increased moderately with isoflurane but did not exceed 3. The frequency of bursts increased with the concentration of isoflurane. The apparent single-channel conductance decreased to 75% of control at 4% isoflurane. These results are discussed in terms of models of channel block. The concentration dependence of the open time, the gap duration, and the conductance are consistent with a sequential open-channel blocking mechanism in which most but not all blocking events were resolved. A model that assumes that isoflurane "blocks" both open and closed channels was then considered. This model is consistent not only with the open time data but also with the burst duration and number of openings per burst. These results indicate that isoflurane has effects on closed as well as open ACh receptor channels.
Animals↗
Eosinophilic myositis and muscular sarcocystosis in the carcasses of slaughtered cattle and lambs.
Fifty-three bovine and 7 ovine carcasses condemned for having eosinophilic myositis were evaluated. Four (7.3%) of the bovine carcasses had a few, large local lesions in skeletal muscles (category A), and 49 (92.7%) of the bovine carcasses and 7 (100%) of the ovine carcasses had multiple, small, disseminated lesions in tongue, esophagus, heart, diaphragm, or skeletal muscles (category B). Tissue from carcasses of category B were evaluated for bacteria, viruses, selenium, and pathologic changes. Pathogenic bacteria and viruses were not isolated and selenium concentrations were normal. In category B, all carcasses had granulomas; of the 49 bovine carcasses and 7 ovine carcasses, 38 (77.6%) and 7 (100%), respectively, had one or more granulomas with opened dead sarcocysts. The data indicated that opened sarcocysts killed the host myocyte and adjacent myocytes and stroma, thereby initiating granuloma formation.
Animals↗
Open reduction of mandibular condyle fractures. Indications and technique.
The traditional approach of closed reduction for condylar fractures has proved to be effective in an overwhelming majority of patients, but not in all. Some authors have proposed open reduction in selected cases. At present, there are no long-term data supporting open reduction to prevent future joint problems. In view of this, I believe that the best overall indication for open reduction is the surgical need to place the face or jaws in the proper functional position.
Fracture Fixation, Internal↗
Artificial Intelligence for Colorectal Surgeons-Part II: Research Applications, Challenges in Adoption, and Practical Resources.
BACKGROUND: This is part II of a 2-part series examining artificial intelligence in colorectal surgery. Part I established foundational concepts and clinical applications. Implementation, however, requires understanding research methodologies, available resources, and the specific challenges currently limiting widespread adoption. These topics are the focus of part II. OBJECTIVE: To examine artificial intelligence's transformation of surgical research, provide practical implementation resources, address adoption challenges, and explore future directions in colorectal surgery. METHODS: Comprehensive literature review focusing on artificial intelligence research methodology, implementation barriers, educational resources, and emerging technologies relevant to colorectal surgeons. RESULTS: Artificial intelligence streamlines clinical trial design through predictive modeling and natural language processing, reducing enrollment challenges that contribute to failed or inadequate trial accrual. Machine learning enables heterogeneity analysis within clinical trials, identifying treatment-responsive subgroups. Foundation models unlock analysis of unstructured electronic health record data at scale. Professional societies and universities offer specialized artificial intelligence education programs, with open-access data sets facilitating research participation. However, implementation faces multifaceted challenges: technical infrastructure demands, with real-time processing requiring dedicated graphics processing unit clusters; regulatory frameworks struggling with continuously evolving algorithms; undefined liability distribution for artificial intelligence-assisted decisions; algorithmic bias risking health care disparities; and the "black box" problem limiting clinical trust. Economic barriers include substantial initial costs without clear reimbursement pathways. Future directions include multimodal artificial intelligence integrating imaging, genomics, and histopathology; cognitive robotic systems with real-time decision support; digital twin technology for patient-specific surgical simulation; and global surgical artificial intelligence networks enabling distributed learning across institutions. CONCLUSIONS: Although artificial intelligence offers transformative potential for colorectal surgery research and practice, successful implementation requires addressing technical, regulatory, ethical, and economic challenges. The surgeon's evolving role demands both traditional expertise and computational fluency. Future advances in multimodal integration, autonomous systems, and global collaboration will fundamentally reshape surgical practice but will require thoughtful implementation prioritizing patient benefit and clinical value.
Humans↗
Critical evaluation of treatment of staghorn calculi by percutaneous nephrolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
The combined use of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in patients with staghorn calculi has become an established treatment regimen. We evaluated the results of 90 staghorn calculi-bearing kidneys treated with such combination therapy after a mean follow-up of approximately 2 years. A total of 69 kidneys (76.7 per cent) became free of stones at some point after treatment. However, due to stone recurrence this number decreased to 55 kidneys (61.1 per cent) at the end of follow-up. Patients who had undergone a previous open operation on the stone-bearing kidney showed less favorable results than the over-all group. When our results were compared to reported data on open surgery or percutaneous nephrolithotomy alone even better results may have been obtained by such treatment modalities. However, our data indicate that percutaneous stone debulking combined with further destruction of residual stone fragments by shock wave lithotripsy certainly is less invasive than an open operation and provides an alternative to percutaneous treatment alone, which can yield comparable results.
Adult↗
Chlamydia trachomatis contains a protein similar to the Legionella pneumophila mip gene product.
A 27kDa Chlamydia trachomatis L2 protein was characterized by the use of monoclonal antibodies and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The protein was shown to be located in the membrane of reticulate bodies as well as elementary bodies. Its synthesis could be detected from 10 hours post-infection. Cloning and sequence analysis of the distal part of the gene revealed an open reading frame of 175 amino acids. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the NBRF data base revealed significant homology between the 27 kDa chlamydial membrane protein and the product of the macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) gene of Legionella pneumophila.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Molecular cloning and characterization of gravity specific cDNA in rice (Oryza sativa L.) suspension callus.
Rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Nipponbare) suspension callus was exposed to gravity stress at 450,000 g for 2 hours, after which poly(A)+RNA was isolated and a cDNA library was constructed. Three different gravity specific cDNAs, namely, GSC 128, GSC 233 and GSC 381 of 0.67, 0.60 and 0.68 kilobase pairs and transcripts of 1.9, 1.6 and 2.0 kb, respectively, were isolated by differential screening and Northern hybridization. The maximum level of transcript was achieved after 4 hours of exposure to gravity at 450,000 g for GSC 128, 2 hours for GSC 233 and 8 hours for GSC 381 followed by a gradual decrease to undetectable levels with the extension of gravitation time. Callus (GSC 128), shoot and callus (GSC 381) and root and callus (GSC 233) specific expression of transcripts was identified. Although the protection of callus by treatment with ABA, kinetin and sucrose extended the period of expression of mRNA in suspension callus after gravity exposure, the expression of gravity-inducible mRNA was exclusively regulated by the degree of callus viability or survival after the stress. In addition, we demonstrated that the level of GSC 381 transcript was markedly increased by exposing the cell to periodical gravity stress, suggesting that this mRNA is expressed and translated into special proteins which are closely related to the survival of the cell against gravity stress. The sequence of GSC 233 and GSC 381, consisting of 417 and 531 base pairs of the longest open reading frames, encode polypeptides with calculated molecular weights of 15.29 and 19.47 kDa, respectively. A sequence homology search against a data bank revealed that GSC 233 and GSC 381 differed from other stress inducible genes in terms of the coding sequence and expression characteristics.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Transcripts from amplified sequences of an inherited homogeneously staining region in chromosome 1 of the house mouse (Mus musculus).
Several populations of the house mouse, Mus musculus, are polymorphic for the presence or absence of an inherited homogeneously staining region (HSR) in chromosome 1. The HSR consists of highly amplified DNA sequences, present in low copy numbers in the HSR- genome. A cloned HSR-derived genomic sequence detected transcripts of about 1.3 and 4.5 kb on blots of poly(A)+ RNA from liver of HSR+ mice but not from that of HSR- mice. A cDNA library was established from RNA of HSR+ mice and screened with the HSR-derived genomic clone. Positive clones were isolated and shown to be complementary to the 1.3-kb RNA species and to amplified DNA sequences in the HSR+ genome. The combined sequence of four overlapping cloned cDNAs is 959 nucleotides long and includes an open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 208 amino acids. The pertinent gene is unidentified. No homologous sequence is stored in the EMBL data base. A stretch of 109 nucleotides at the 3' end of the 1.3-kb RNA homology region in the same genomic fragment, as indicated by hybridization data and sequence motifs resembling promoter elements. Thus, our data suggest that at least two genes or gene families are encoded in the HSR.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Electronic data processing assisted documentation of tumor after care in an ambulatory setting--a simplification of daily routine].
A data collection system on microcomputer was developed for patients with malignant diseases in ambulant aftercare. At the same time when patient data are collected to be sent to a central medicostatistical plotting station, as it is usual in Austrian hospitals, a file for further aftercare is opened. By data transfer to other software products, statistical data evaluation is possible. Patients can also be called to hospital for different reasons.
Aftercare↗
Fenestrations in endothelium of rat liver sinusoids revisited by freeze-fracture.
The freeze-fracture appearance of fenestrations of sinusoidal endothelial cells has been reassessed in perfusion-fixed rat liver. Fenestrations, limited to the attenuated portions of the endothelial cell cytoplasm are usually round or oval in shape, with diameters ranging from 40-600 nm. Within a given fenestrated region, they are disposed in clusters forming sieve plates. In addition, the presence of wide, irregularly shape openings suggest that adjacent fenestrations may coalesce and result in the larger openings. Our data thus confirm the existence of both small and large fenestrae in the endothelial wall, in contradistinction to previous studies showing only regular, medium sized (100 nm) openings.
Animals↗
The complete sequence of a 11,953 bp fragment from C1G on chromosome III encompasses four new open reading frames.
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Base Sequence↗
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a chicken beta thyroid hormone receptor.
We have isolated and characterized a cDNA encoding a chicken beta homolog of c-erbA, or thyroid hormone receptor (TR). Chicken liver cDNA libraries were screened with a rat TR beta-1 cDNA probe, and several cDNA inserts were isolated and characterized. The sequence of one cDNA predicts a 369-amino-acid open reading frame (ORF), with a protein sequence that possesses 96% identity with that of rat TR beta-1, but only 88% identity with chicken TR alpha. These data indicate that the cDNA likely encodes a beta form of TR that has the expected putative DNA and T3 binding domains. The chicken TR beta (chTR beta) in vitro translated protein binds T3 with high affinity, and binds both the thyroid hormone response element (TRE) from the rat growth hormone gene and the Xenopus vitellogenin A2 gene estrogen response element (ERE), similarly to that of the rat TR beta-1. Northern blot analysis revealed the expression of a 7.0-kb RNA in several tissues including cerebellum, pituitary, kidney, and liver. This chicken liver TR beta cDNA sequence varies in both the 5' and 3' untranslated regions from the chicken kidney TR beta cDNA sequence recently reported (Forrest et al., 1990). The 5' untranslated cDNA sequence divergence occurs near a potential splice site junction of the human TR beta gene, suggesting that this chicken liver cDNA may represent an alternatively spliced RNA product of the chicken TR beta gene.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Nucleotide sequence of the DNA packaging and capsid synthesis genes of bacteriophage P2.
Overlapping DNA fragments containing the DNA packaging and capsid synthesis gene region of bacteriophage P2 were cloned and sequenced. In this report we present the complete nucleotide sequence of this 6550 bp region. Each of six open reading frames found in the interval was assigned to one of the essential genes (Q, P, O, N, M and L) by correlating genetic, physical and mutational data with DNA and protein sequence information. Polypeptides predicted were: a capsid completion protein, gpL; the major capsid precursor, gpN; the presumed capsid scaffolding protein; gpO; the ATPase and proposed endonuclease subunits of terminase, gpP and gpM, respectively; and a candidate for the portal protein, gpQ. These gene and protein sequences exhibited no homology to analogous genes or proteins of other bacteriophages. Expression of gene Q in E. coli from a plasmid caused production of a Mr 39,000 Da protein that restored Qam34 growth. This sequence analysis found only genes previously known from analysis of conditional-lethal mutations. No new capsid genes were found.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
The broad-host-range plasmid pTF-FC2 requires a primase-like protein for autonomous replication in Escherichia coli.
A 3202-bp fragment of plasmid pTF-FC2, cloned into PUC19, had previously been identified as the minimum region required for replication in either Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli polA- mutants. During the course of experiments to construct broad-host-range cloning vectors based on the pTF-FC2 replicon, it was found that the 3202-bp fragment had an absolute requirement for some function of the pUC19 vector. This requirement was eliminated in the presence of co-resident pTF-FC2 derivatives. An additional 1239-bp fragment from pTF-FC2, immediately adjacent to the 3202-bp fragment, was identified which restored the ability of the pTF-FC2 replicon to replicate autonomously. Sequence analysis of the region revealed a single open reading frame encoding a 40-kDa polypeptide, which was synthesised in an in vitro transcription/translation system. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of this protein with sequence data banks revealed limited homology with the RepB' primase of the IncQ plasmid, RSF1010. An M13 delta lac 110 replication-deficient phage system was used to demonstrate that the 40-kDa protein did function as a primase with respect to replication at the origin of replication (vegetative) of pTF-FC2.
Amino Acid Sequence↗