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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Pancreatic extract and the intestinal uptake of vitamin B12. III. Stimulatory effect in the presence of a non-intrinsic factor vitamin B12 binder.

To determine the mechanism by which pancreatic extract (PE) corrects the malabsorption of vitamin B12 in chronic pancreatic insufficiency (CPI), the following hypotheses were investigated: Firstly, PE might stimulate the absorption of vitamin B12 by changing the intestinal pH, secondly PE might stimulate the intestinal uptake of unbound vitamin B12, thirdly PE might abolish the inhibitory effect of vitamin B12 binders on the intestinal uptake of vitamin B12 bound to intrinsic factor (IF). PE had no effect on the pH in the small intestine and did not stimulate the uptake of unbound 57CoB12 by perfused rat intestinal segments. Preincubation of 57CoB12-IF with a non-IF B12-binder from human saliva (R-binder) reduced the uptake of 57CoB12 from 18.5 pg per cm intestine +/- 3.4 S.E.M. to 7.8 +/- 1.6 (p less than 0.02). PE abolished this inhibitory effect (p less than 0.05). The results indicate that PE corrects the malabsorption of vitamin B12 in CPI by an effect on non-IF B12- binders.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and partial characterization of a complex of several (Pro-) endopeptidases from whole porcine pancreatic extract and from purified zymogen granules.

Pancreatic zymogen granules contain exportable proteins at a very high concentration. The mechanism leading to this condensation is unknown. On the other hand, it is known that aqueous extract of pancreatic acetone powder precipitates at low ionic strength and acidic pH. The precipitable fraction is called 'euglobulin' in the literature. We thought that euglobulin could serve as a simplified model to study the condensation of some of the pancreatic exportable proteins. We have compared quantitatively and qualitatively the composition of euglobulins prepared from porcine pancreatic acetone powder and from lysates of purified pancreatic zymogen granules. They were found to be nearly identical, consisting of glycoprotein(s) and/or proteoglycan(s) associated to a proesterase activity, chymotrypsinogens C and D and proelastase. We conclude therefore, that the interactions between the constituents of euglobulin must be specific, since they can occur in the complex protein mixture of the whole organ to a similar extent as in the zymogen granules themselves. We have tried to identify the nature of these specific interactions. We were able to demonstrate that neither the granule membranes, nor the high-molecular-weight proteoglycan present in the granules (Reggio, H.A. and Palade, C.E. (1978) J. Cell. Biol. 77,288-314) were responsible for the observed aggregation. Electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic proteins (Thomson, A. and Denniss, I.S. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 429, 581-590) were demonstrated between proelastase and chymotrypsinogens C and D. However, the possible roles of the glycoprotein(s) and/or proteoglycan(s) in the condensation process remain unknown.

Amylases↗
PubMed1977

Pancreatic extract and the intestinal uptake of vitamin B12. I. Effect on the intestinal epithelium and the vitamin B12-intrinsic factor complex.

Pancreatic extract (PE) reduced the uptake of rat intrinsic factor (IF)-bound 57CoB12 by perfused rat intestinal segments (p is less than 0.02) as well as by isolated rat intestinal brush borders (p is less than 0.01). The inhibition was concentration-dependent. Preincubation of the brush borders with PE recular weight of the 57CoB12-IF complex, as well as the uptake of the complex by isolated intestinal brush borders, was unchanged after prolonged preincubation with PE. PE also inhibited the uptake of glucose by perfused intestinal segments (p is less than 0.01), but the morphology and idsaccharidase activity (p is greater than 0.5) of the intestinaleptihelium was unaltered. The results indicate that the inhibition may be due to interaction between the intestinal epithelium and PE.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase and alpha-amylase activity in homogenates of islets of GK rats: comparison with hepatic and pancreatic extracts.

Glycogen accumulation in pancreatic islet cells in situations of sustained hyperglycaemia may participate in the phenomenon of so-called B-cell glucotoxicity. Unexpectedly, however, previously little if any glycogen was found in islet cells of non-insulin-dependent diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats (GK rats). Therefore, the activities of glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase and alpha-amylase were measured in islets of control and GK rats. No significant difference in enzymatic activity was observed between the control and diabetic animals. In the liver, the activity of glycogen synthase appeared even somewhat higher in GK rats than in control animals. It is concluded that the diabetic syndrome in the GK rats does not involve any major anomaly of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase activity in the liver of these animals, as well as alpha-amylase, in pancreatic islets.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1979

The effect of oral pancreatic extract on jejunal bactericidal activity in protein-deficient vervet monkeys challenged with Vibrio cholerae.

Eleven vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were fed with an "O" protein diet. After the serum albumin level fell below 2.5 g/100 ml the animals and 4 controls, which received regular monkey chow, were orally infected with a monkey-adapted strain of Vibrio cholerae. The total bactericidal activity of the jejunal fluid decreased during feeding with "O" protein diet, but increased after challenge with V. cholerae in all groups. The non-immunoglobulin-bound bactericidal activity, which also decreased during protein depletion, remained less in those animals receiving placebo instead of pancreatic extract after challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of pancreatic extracts on the faecal excretion and on the serum concentration of cobalamin and cobalamin analogues in cystic fibrosis.

A malabsorption of crystalline labelled cobalamin is observed in 100% of cystic fibrosis patients. Using radioisotope dilution assays and molecular sieve gel chromatography, we determined the serum concentration and the faecal excretion of cobalamin and cobalamin analogues in nine cystic fibrosis children before and after 4 days' interruption of pancreatic extract treatment. On chromatography, the unsaturated cobalamin binders of the faecal extracts eluted in two positions with molecular masses of 44 300 and 20 300, corresponding mostly to partially degraded R binders. The amounts of the less degraded form of R binder (molecular mass 44 300) increased significantly after interruption of the treatment. The cobalamin concentration in the serum remained normal after interruption of the treatment but the analogue concentrations in the serum decreased and faecal excretion of cobalamin and analogues increased significantly. These results allowed us to suggest that (1) pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis is responsible for a decrease in the absorption of digestive analogues induced by a defective degradation of R binders, and (2) cobalamin analogues have a short half-life in blood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Immunological detection of pro-corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in rat hypothalamus and pancreatic extracts. Evidence for in vitro conversion into CRF.

Extracts of both rat hypothalamus and pancreas were analyzed for their corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the case of the hypothalamus, besides the rat CRF, further identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), two peptide components, a 20-kDa and a 10-kDa species were detected. The 20-kDa component was stable under acidic pH conditions and was further purified by reverse-phase HPLC. When exposed to proteolytic activities coeluting with 'high-molecular-mass CRF' at pH 6, processing was observed and the CRF generated was identified both by RIA, molecular sieve filtration and HPLC under different experimental conditions. It is concluded that this 20-kDa CRF may represent the CRF precursor and that hypothalamic extracts may contain processing enzymes involved in its selective post-translational cleavage. In the pancreatic extract two immunoreactive forms of CRF were detected, the smaller coeluting with the rat CRF and the other corresponding to the intermediate 10-kDa component detected in the hypothalamus. Pancreatic rat CRF, analyzed using RIA both by molecular sieve filtration and HPLC, was indistinguishable from the hypothalamic rat CRF.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pancreatic extracts are necessary for the absorption of elemental and polymeric enteral diets in severe pancreatic insufficiency.

Tube feeding nutrition, either elemental or polymeric, is increasingly used in patients with digestive problems. Pancreatic insufficiency is a widely accepted indication for the use of an elemental formula, which requires less residual digestive capacity. To confirm this assumption, we have compared the absorption of elemental and polymeric diets and the effect of exogenous pancreatic enzymes in a patient on long-term total enteral feeding after total pancreatectomy. Malabsorption of both formulas was observed without enzyme supplementation. A marked improvement of fat and nitrogen absorption was obtained when pancreatic enzymes were added to both enteral diets. It is concluded that pancreatic enzymes should always be added to liquid diets in pancreatic insufficiency. No clear advantage is to be anticipated by the use of elemental as compared with polymeric diets.

Enteral Nutrition↗