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Results for “PERSONALITY, PATHOLOGICAL”

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PubMed1983

[Role of biological and social factors in mechanisms of pathologic personality formation in infantile cerebral palsy].

The relationship between the biological and social factors participating in the genesis of the pathological formation of a deficit-type personality in 88 patients with various forms of cerebral paralysis is analyzed. The variations of the personality pathological formation (an asthenic, pseudo-autistic, affective-excitable, dysproportional development) are considered with regard to the influence of a psychogenic "complex", types of education, and characteristics of the psychoorganic syndrome.

Asthenia↗
PubMed2006

Personality pathology and its relation to couple functioning.

The study aimed at understanding the relationship between personality pathology and couple functioning, both in terms of general functioning and communication specifically, in a sample of 146 psychiatric outpatients. The results indicated that couple communication was best predicted by a combination of the symptoms within each of the three personality disorder clusters and the total number of personality disorder symptoms while general family functioning was best predicted by the total number of Axis I disorders. No demographic variables were found to be related to the level of couple functioning. Future research needs to focus on understanding what makes it difficult for people with personality disorder traits to function in relationships.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Parental bonding and personality pathology assessed by clinician report.

The present study focused on the link between parental bonding and personality pathology. We developed a clinician-report version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling, and Brown, 1979), which 203 clinicians applied to a randomly selected patient in their care. The goal of the study was to examine the reliability and validity of a clinician-report PBI, and to provide a preliminary examination of the relation between personality disorder (PD) symptoms and parental bonding in a national sample of patients in treatment in the community. Factor analysis yielded two factors (parental rejection/care and parental overprotection) for each parent, which had high internal consistency (coefficient alphas all >.80). The factor structure of the clinician-report measure strongly resembled the factor structure of the widely used self-report instrument. Parental bonding as assessed by clinician report showed coherent patterns of association with PD diagnoses, which resembled those found in other samples. Maternal rejection/care showed a particular link to borderline PD (BPD), and remained a significant predictor of BPD along with sexual abuse and physical abuse in multiple regression analysis. These data, along with others from recent studies using clinicians as informants, suggest that clinicians can provide reliable and valid data when their observations are quantified using psychometrically sound instruments. Clinician-report methods may provide a useful complement to studies of personality disorders that rely primarily on self-reports or structured interviews.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Structured interview versus self-report test vantages for the assessment of personality pathology in cocaine dependence.

The study compared structured interview (SCID-II) and self-report test (MCMI-II) vantages for the detection and characterization of personality pathology among 144 urban, poor, cocaine-addicted individuals seeking outpatient treatment. Diagnostic agreement was inadequate for most disorders, and the instruments at best shared only modest common variance. Positive predictive power was poor for all MCMI-II scales, though negative predictive power was good to excellent. This lends support for the use of the MCMI-II as a screening measure to rule out Axis II disorders; however, confirmation of positive diagnoses will require follow-up interview assessment. Future development of self-report personality inventories for substance abusers should focus on controlling for the acute dysphoric effects of drug use and related dysfunction, expanding attention to Cluster B content domains, and incorporating more objective criteria for assessing paranoia and "odd/eccentric" traits.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Clinician reports of personality pathology of patients beginning and patients ending psychoanalysis.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work was to use a clinician Q-sort procedure to describe the personality pathology and adaptive functioning of patients beginning and ending psychoanalysis. DESIGN: With a cross-sectional design, we compared a group of patients beginning and a group of patients ending psychoanalysis. METHODS: Twenty-six psychoanalysts described a patient beginning psychoanalysis and 26 described a patient ending psychoanalysis using the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure 200 (SWAP-200). Each clinician also completed questions about themselves, the patient, and the treatment. The most characteristic SWAP-200 items describing patients beginning and patients ending psychoanalysis provide a meaningful picture of the two groups. RESULTS: Among patients at the end of psychoanalysis, scores were significantly lower on the SWAP-200 Paranoid, Schizotypal, Borderline, Histrionic, and Dependent scales and scores were significantly higher on the SWAP-200 High functioning scale and the DSM-IV GAF scale. Common characteristics of patients beginning psychoanalysis were anxiety, guilt, and shame. Common characteristics of patients ending psychoanalysis were conscientiousness and responsibility, striving to live up to moral and ethical standards, and enjoyment of challenges. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate the usefulness of a clinician report measure for the study of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Pathologic personality formation of the inhibited type in children and adolescents with disabling urologic diseases].

The study deals with an observation of 70 children and adolescents (boys) from 12-16 years who displayed pathological personality formation of an asthenical, anxious-dubious and pseudoschizoid type. The clinical traits of neurotical characterological disturbances depended upon the age of the onset of the urological disease, rate of its development, the attitude of the patients to his somatical disorder, rearing and the factor of deprivation. In order to prevent the appearance of deformed personality in such cases of wide and long-term use of group and individual psychotherapy is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Meta-perception for pathological personality traits: do we know when others think that we are difficult?

The self allows us to reflect on our own behavior and to imagine what others think of us. Clinical experience suggests that these abilities may be impaired in people with personality disorders. They do not recognize the impact that their behavior has on others, and they have difficulty understanding how they are seen by others. We collected information regarding pathological personality traits--using both self and peer report measures--from groups of people who knew each other well (at the end of basic military training). In previous papers, we have reported that agreement between self-report and peer-report is only modest. In this paper, we address the question: Do people know that others disagree with their own perceptions of themselves? We found that expected peer scores predicted variability in peer report over and above self-report for all 10 diagnostic traits. People do have some incremental knowledge of how they are viewed by others, but they do not tell you about it unless you ask them to do so; the knowledge is not reflected in ordinary self-report data. Among participants who expect their peers to describe them as narcissistic, those who agree with this assessment are viewed as being less narcissistic by their peers than those who deny being narcissistic. It therefore appears that insight into how one is viewed by others can moderate negative impressions fostered by PD traits.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Interpersonal problems, personality pathology, and social adjustment after cognitive therapy for depression.

The authors examined the level and structure of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex version (IIP-C; L. M. Horowitz, L. E. Alden, J. S. Wiggins, & A. L. Pincus, 2000) before and after 20 sessions of acute-phase cognitive therapy for depression (N = 118), as well as associations with the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (L. A. Clark, 1993b) and the Social Adjustment Scale--Self-Report version (M. M. Weissman & S. Bothwell, 1976). Interpersonal problems had a 3-factor structure (Interpersonal Distress, Love, and Dominance), with the latter 2 factors approximating a circumplex, both before and after therapy. Interpersonal Distress decreased and social adjustment increased with therapy, but the Love and Dominance dimensions were relatively stable, similar to personality constructs. Social adjustment related negatively to Interpersonal Distress but not to Love or Dominance. Personality pathology related broadly to Interpersonal Distress and discriminantly to Love and Dominance. These findings support the reliability and validity of the IIP-C and are discussed in the context of personality theory and measurement.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Violence in patients with narcissistic personality pathology: observations of a clinical series.

This paper presents clinical observations on a group of nine patients whose action consisted of either the commission of violent acts or of seriously threatening behaviors suggestive of precursors to violence. A cluster of common features was observed to be present to some degree in all patients: (1) significant narcissistic personality pathology, (2) recent narcissistic injury, (3) inability to acknowledge or express affect related to this injury, (4) some history of impulsiveness when stressed, and (5) the availability of a weapon. Discussion is presented that the clinician's ability to predict the potential for violence may be enhanced by special attention to these features.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Personality pathology among married adults with bipolar disorder.

The comorbidity of DSM-III-R axis II personality disorders in patients with bipolar disorder has received less attention than for unipolar depression perhaps because of the potential confounding of state vs. trait qualities. The current study took steps to separate pathological traits of personality from behaviors evidenced during discrete affective episodes in a sample of married, outpatient bipolar patients. Data indicated that 22% of our patients met criteria for a categorical diagnosis of personality disorder. Axis II pathology as represented by both categorical and dimensional scores was associated with increased psychiatric symptoms during subsequent treatment and poorer social adjustment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Role of color coded duplex sonography in the study of thyroid pathology. Personal experience].

The authors examined 110 patients with suspected pathologic conditions of the thyroid by means of color-coded duplex US. In addition to the information yielded by conventional US, this technique allows organ vascularization to be demonstrated. Five normal patients were considered as a control group: no tissue vascularization was demonstrated in these cases. In 8 patients presenting with carcinoma or recurrences, vascularization was markedly increased both peripheral and central to the nodule. A few doubts are still to be solved as to the diagnostic value of color-coded duplex US in the evaluation of non-carcinomatous nodular pathologic conditions. As a matter of fact, non-functioning avascular adenomas can be demonstrated only in a very low percentage of cases (66%). Color-coded duplex US proved extremely sensitive and specific in depicting malignant neoplasms. Moreover, the use of fine-needle biopsy could be optimized and subsequently reduced. Color-coded duplex US proved to be markedly superior to other methods and techniques in the study of thyroid diseases, especially thyroiditis and multiple pathologic conditions. The simultaneous presence of hypocapture at scintigraphy and peripheral and central vascularization in a single nodule or within multinodular struma at color-Doppler was highly suggestive of malignant thyroid neoplasm. Color-coded duplex US is a low-cost technique, which can be performed on an outpatient basis. Moreover, it is not invasive, nor does it damage the thyroid. That is why its use is almost mandatory in the study of pathologic conditions of the thyroid.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Personality pathology in recurrent depression: nature, prevalence, and relationship to treatment response.

Personality assessments of 119 treatment-responsive patients with recurrent unipolar depression revealed that nearly half of the patients (48%) showed some personality disturbance. The most common personality features were avoidant (30.4%), compulsive (18.6%), and dependent (15.7%). Factor analyses of personality data in this homogeneous population yielded results that were consistent with previous factor analytic studies of personality features and clinical descriptions of depressed patients. Most notably, a discriminant function analysis using personality variables alone was able to distinguish (with 65% accuracy) between patients who responded normally to treatment and those who responded more slowly.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Quality assurance in surgical pathology--personal and peer assessment.

A mechanism for quality assurance in surgical pathology based on a review of the surgical pathology reports is described. The setting up of performance standards by the participating pathologists before the institution in quality assurance helped in acceptance of the critique of the reviewer. Suggestions are made to improve the quality of the surgical pathology report by incorporating the needs of th surgeons and oncologists, in the hope that the quality assurance process becomes oriented to patients care.

Medical Audit↗
PubMed1986

[Psychogenic pathologic personality development in advanced age].

A study of 51 patients with psychogenic abnormalities developed in old age has shown that the development of such disorders is a comparatively frequent outcome of neuroses and reactive psychoses with the onset in the presenile period and only as an exception takes place in patients with the onset of psychogenic disturbances in old age. Depressive development has proved most typical for advanced age. Such manifestations as chronic subdepression, diffuse hypochondria, egocentrism and rent orientations are universal for all clinical variants of senile pathological development of personality. According to a regression analysis the development of psychogenic disturbances in the second half of life is facilitated by the objective significance and persistence of traumatic situations, a low professional level of patients and a number of other socio-psychological and biological characteristics of the person.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Interaction of external and internal factors in the manifestations and formation of psychopathies and pathological personality development].

The authors substantiate the concept that the material and pathophysiological substrate of psychopathy is the pathological variant of the highest nervous activity type, on the basis of which psychopathy appears and begins to form. They attempt to answer some questions concerning the correlation between exogenous and endogenous origins of psychopathy. A delineation between psychopathy and normal variants on the one hand and accentuated personalities and pathocharacterological personality development on the other one is made.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗