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Results for “PLASTER OF PARIS”

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PubMed1990

Evaluation of physical-mechanical properties of 3 brands of plaster of Paris in the Kenyan market.

In this study, 3 brands of plaster of Paris that are available in the Kenyan Market for prosthetics and dental rehabilitation uses were subjected to physical-mechanical tests. The particles in two of the brands that had been imported were finer than a locally made plaster since less than 1.41% of their particles were larger than 150 microns compared to 15.2% in the local plaster. The range of their setting times was between 7.5 and 27.5 min. and was within the International Standards Organisation (ISO) recommendation. The water:power ratios required to produce plaster mixes of standard consistency for the locally made plaster was about 1.5 times of other brands. In compression, the mean 1-hour strength of local plaster was 2.5 MN/m2 (Mega Newtons per square metre) compared to 6.81 MN/m2 and 8.95 MN/m2 for the other brands. The differences between these strength values were highly significant (p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences in deformation of fracture for the 3 brands whose range was 1.32% to 1.71%. In order to obviate the need to import plaster, strict manufacturing techniques of locally made plaster are recommended.

Calcium Sulfate↗

PubMed1999

Grafting of large defects of the jaws with a particulate dentin-plaster of paris combination.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to show the usefulness and discuss the effects of a particulate dentin and plaster of paris combination as a bone graft material in jaw defects. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective evaluation of 10 patients with jaw defects who underwent grafting with a combination of particulate dentin and plaster of paris. The material was used when the defects were more than 20 mm in diameter. The ratio was 2:1 by weight. Patients were examined for any evidence of infection and recurrence during the follow-up periods. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 52.2 months (range, 50 to 57 months), patients had minor immediate postoperative complications. These complications were swelling and perforation; they were treated without problems through use of incision and drainage, antibiotic treatment, and buccal flap. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the results that we obtained radiographically and clinically, it may be concluded that the particulate dentin plaster mixture is a useful and readily available material for bone substitute.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Antibiotic-loaded plaster of Paris implants coated with poly lactide-co-glycolide as a controlled release delivery system for the treatment of bone infections.

Plaster of Paris implants containing vancomycin (60 mg/g of carrier) were prepared in order to be used as local delivery system for the treatment of bone infections. The regulation of the release rate was performed by coating the carrier with a polylactide-co-glycolide polymer composed by 10% (w/w) polyglycolic acid and 90% (w/w) racemic poly (D,L-lactic acid). The release of the antibiotic from the biodegradable matrix was evaluated in vitro. From this investigation, it is clear that the drug elution depends on the coating depth. After a burst effect occurring on the first day of the experiment, therapeutic concentrations were measured during one week when uncoated implants were used. The coating allowed decrease of the burst effect and extended efficient release to more than five weeks when the implants were embedded with six layers (162 microns) of PLA45GA10. This delivery system was implanted into the femoral condyle of rabbits. It was shown that the in vivo release was also closely regulated by the coating depth. In all bone tissues (bone marrow and cortical bone) surrounding the pellets, the drug concentration exceeded the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for the common causative organisms of bone infections (Staphylococcus aureus) for at least four weeks without inducing serum toxic levels. Due to its cheapness, facility of use and sterilization, biocompatibility and biodegradability, plaster of Paris coated with PLA45GA10 polymer giving a controlled release of vancomycin appears to be a promising sustained release delivery system of antibiotics for the treatment of bone and joint infections.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Effects on bone formation in ovariectomized rats after implantation of tooth ash and plaster of Paris mixture.

PURPOSE: Our goal was to report on tooth ash and plaster of Paris mixture in bone defects in an ovariectomized rat osteoporosis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups and each group was further divided into 3 subgroups: 4, 8, and 16 weeks after implantation. The defect was filled with different grafting conditions as follows: group 1, ovariectomy and nongraft group; group 2, ovariectomy and tooth ash-plaster graft group; group 3, nonovariectomy and nongraft group; and group 4, nonovariectomy and tooth ash-plaster graft group. Histologic sections and histomorphometric analysis of defects were obtained 4, 8, and 16 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: For the 4-week ovariectomy group, there was significantly greater bone formation in tooth ash-plaster group compared with the nongraft group. In the nonovariectomy group, the tooth ash-plaster group also showed better bone formation than the nongraft group. However, there was no statistical significance. In both the ovariectomy and nonovariectomy groups, a significant increase in bone formation was observed according to the elapse of time. The nonovariectomy group showed increased new bone formation compared with the ovariectomy group, with the tooth ash-plaster group showing statistical significance in each subgroup (P =.048). CONCLUSIONS: Ovariectomy acts as a negative factor in new bone formation. For a critical size bony defect, the tooth ash-plaster treatment of the osseous defect produces more stable, effective, and rapid new bone formation.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Transantral repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas using bone chips, Tisseel, fascia and plaster of Paris.

Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea is a potentially serious symptom due to the risk of an ascending infection, which may produce a fulminant meningitis. Plaster of Paris has been used to obliterate the sphenoidal sinus and posterior ethmoids in five patients with cerebrospinal rhinorrhea. The fistulas were identified by computed cisternography and repaired by a transantral approach using a microsurgical technique, and bone chips, Tisseel and fascia to seal the fistulas. There have been no postoperative problems or leakage in the three patients with fistulas to the sphenoidal sinus. The cerebrospinal rhinorrhea recurred four and six months after operation in the two patients with fistulas to the posterior ethmoids probably due to surgical, technical problems in one patient and to less support by the plaster of Paris, when the fistulas end in this region. However, the described surgical technique seems to be a good alternative for fistulas to the sphenoidal sinus and should be included in our surgical armamentarium.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Plaster of Paris and hair cell morphology. A scanning electron microscopic study of an alternative implant material for ear surgery.

Many techniques have been proposed for reconstruction of the posterior canal wall and/or obliteration of the mastoid bowl after radical mastoidectomy. The variety of materials that have been used, biological as well as foreign materials of different kinds, indicates that the ideal solution has yet to be found. Plaster of Paris, a biocompatible, degradable ceramic material prepared from CaSO4, may have an osteogenic property and become an alternative implant material for ear surgery. However, its possible ototoxicity has not been studied previously. Plaster was implanted in the tympanic cavity of guinea pigs. On investigation in the scanning electron microscope after 4.5 to 8 months, no toxic damage to the hair cell morphology was observed. Thus, from an ototoxic point of view, plaster of Paris would seem suitable for use as an implant material in ear surgery. Studies concerning the possible osteogenic property of plaster of Paris and its clinical application in human ear surgery are in progress.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An implant of a composite of bovine bone morphogenetic protein and plaster of paris for treatment of femoral shaft nonunions.

Sixteen patients with nonunion of femoral shaft fractures were treated by implantation of a composite of bovine bone morphogenetic protein and plaster of Paris (bBMP/PLP). There was an average of 1.5 surgical procedures per patient attempting union prior to bBMP/PLP implantation The implant was prepared in an aggregate of 50 mg bBMP in 1 gram of plaster of Paris. It was implanted directly to fill the fracture gaps and packed around the fracture lines. Seventeen operations were done on the 16 patients. Union was obtained in 16 of the 17 operations. The average time of union for the 16 successful operations was 5.7 months. There were no significant clinically manifested postoperative complications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

When should a synthetic casting material be used in preference to plaster-of-Paris? A cost analysis and guidance for casting departments.

An accurate cost analysis of the use of one of the new synthetic casting materials (Cellacast) compared with plaster-of-Paris (Gypsona) was undertaken over a 3-month period in the fracture clinic of Cardiff Royal Infirmary. The mean duration of usage before failure for synthetic forearm, scaphoid and below-knee casts was found to be approximately twice that of plaster casts. The use of synthetic casting materials was found to be cost-effective in situations where there was thought to be a high probability that structural failure of the cast would occur. Guidelines for the use of plaster-of-Paris and synthetic casting materials are presented.

Calcium Sulfate↗

PubMed1990

Foam slipper in place of the walking heel for lower limb plaster of Paris casts.

Avoidable delays in the application of weight-bearing lower limb plaster of Paris casts on our patients caused by shortages of the standard walking heels (rockers) made us try the common and always--available foam slippers in their place. Their use in the treatment of 450 patients is reported here. The slippers performed all the usual functions of the rockers well and there were no complications due to their use. The patients felt very steady and comfortable on them and particularly appreciated the cushioning effect of their soft soles and the fact that they could use the other slipper on the uninjured leg comfortably. On the basis of the excellent results obtained in this study and in view of their cheapness and ready availability, the author recommends a wider use of slippers in place of the conventional rockers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Colles' fracture: management by percutaneous crossed-pin fixation versus plaster of Paris cast immobilization.

Colles' fracture is the most common fracture seen in orthopedic practice, but no consensus has been reached on an effective method to maintain the initial reduction achieved. This prospective, randomized study of 50 patients evaluates the efficacy of maintaining reduction and consequent functional end results of two treatment methods, ie, percutaneous crossed-pin fixation followed by plaster of Paris cast immobilization with the wrist in functional position versus conventional plaster of Paris cast immobilization. The anatomical and functional end results were significantly better with percutaneous crossed-pin fixation at final follow-up.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Evaluation in cats of a new material for cranioplasty: a composite of plaster of Paris and hydroxylapatite.

The materials ordinarily used to reconstruct bone defects in the calvaria and facial bones either are difficult to shape, are partially resorbed by the body, or are likely to become infected if used near a contaminated area such as the frontal sinus. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (plaster of Paris) has been known for years to have excellent reparative qualities in bone defects, but ordinarily it is quickly resorbed. Consequently, a new material, a composite of a dense form of plaster of Paris and hydroxylapatite, was devised to provide nonabsorbable hydroxylapatite particles for bone to form around and within during the phase of plaster absorption. Two types of this material were evaluated in cranial defects in cats. Each of the plaster of Paris/hydroxylapatite mixtures was placed into a surgically unroofed frontal sinus and into a contralateral parietal trephine hole in a group of 32 cats. Two cats in each group succumbed to anesthesia, leaving two sets of 30 cats. During the entire follow-up period there was only one other death, with no evidence of wound infection, wound dehiscence, implant rejection, or cerebral dysfunction among the survivors. The cats in each group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 months after operation. Following sacrifice, both the frontal and parietal defects were exposed and examined visually, histologically, and with histomorphometric analysis for new bone formation. New bone formation was present as early as 1 month after operation and continued to increase during the 12 months of the study. Based upon these osteogenic qualities, the ease of shaping the composite, and the lack of infection in the frontal sinus region, it is concluded that this substance could be a valuable new material for human cranioplasty.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Plaster of Paris as bone substitute in spinal surgery.

In order to assess the effectiveness of calcium sulphate (plaster of Paris; POP) as a substitute for autologous bone graft, we performed lumbar intervertebral fusion in mature sheep using POP and a variety of other graft materials, and reviewed the literature. The osteoconductivity of the POP grafts was compared to that of grafts carried out with autogenous iliac crest, frozen allogeneic bone, and ProOsteon 500 coralline bone. We also compared the osteogenicity of POP to admixtures of autogenous iliac crest bone with POP and coralline bone, and to an osteoinductive demineralized sheep bone preparation (DBM). The substrates were loaded into tubular titanium mesh, implanted into excavated disc spaces and recovered after a period of 4 months. Fusion mass segments tested in flexion and tension showed that POP was equal to autogenous bone and most other substrates. The POP fusions were significantly tougher than the DBM fusions, even though histomorphometry failed to reveal differences in the amount of trabecular bone. We conclude that POP can be used to achieve a biomechanically stable interbody lumbar vertebral fusion. In addition, our literature review indicated that POP can be used as a vehicle for local delivery of antibiotics in bone infections.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Plaster of Paris splintage for the hand: volar or dorsal?

The effectiveness of a volar or a dorsal plaster of Paris slab for splinting a hand in the 'safe' position was studied prospectively. Seventy-two splints, comprising 36 dorsal and 36 volar, were applied. Measurements of the metarcarpophalangeal joint angle and the proximal interphalangeal joint angle on the lateral radiograph revealed the volar splint to be significantly more consistent in securing the proximal interphalangeal joint angle at less than 15 degrees. There was no significant difference between volar or dorsal splints for the metarcarpophalangeal joint angle. As the volar splint was also subjectively more comfortable, its use is recommended.

Calcium Sulfate↗

PubMed1988

Response of the mouse femoral muscle to an implant of a composite of bone morphogenetic protein and plaster of Paris.

A composite consisting of 1 mg of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and 5 mg of plaster of Paris (PLP) was implanted into the mouse femoral muscle. Control PLP without BMP was implanted into the contralateral muscle. The BMP/PLP composite induced cartilage formation within two weeks, trabecular bone within three weeks, and lamellar bone including bone marrow within six weeks. PLP did not disturb BMP-induced bone formation. In addition, the BMP/PLP composite was resorbed early after implantation. These results suggest that PLP composite system is one of the most suitable BMP delivery systems currently available.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of amino acid transporter LAT1 and 4F2hc in the healing process after the implantation of a tooth ash and plaster of Paris mixture.

BACKGROUND: In order to elucidate the expression pattern of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in the bone formation process, the expressions of LAT1 and its subunit 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) were investigated in the healing process after the implantation of a tooth ash-plaster of Paris mixture in rats with calvarial osseous defect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Circular calvarial defects (8 mm in diameter) were made midparietally. The rats were divided into 2 groups, 1 control group and 1 experimental group. In the control group, the defect was only covered with a soft tissue flap (control group); in the experimental group, it was filled with a mixture of tooth ash and plaster of Paris (2:1 by weight; mixture group). The rats were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after operation and RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. RESULTS: In the RT-PCR analysis, the expressions of the LAT1 and 4F2hc mRNAs were slightly stronger in the experimental group than in the control group. In the immunohistochemical analysis, at 1 week after operation, the LAT1 protein and its subunit 4F2hc protein were mainly expressed in the osteoblasts, osteocytes and interstitial tissues of the area around the defect and the inner part of newly forming bone in both groups. The expressions of LAT1 and 4F2hc proteins were decreased at 2 and 4 weeks after operation. The LAT1 and 4F2hc proteins were scarcely expressed at 8 weeks after operation in both groups. The expressions of LAT1 and 4F2hc proteins were slightly stronger in the mixture group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the LAT1 and its subunit 4F2hc are highly expressed in the early stage of new bone formation and may have an important role in providing cells with neutral amino acids, including several essential amino acids, at that stage.

Amino Acid Transport Systems↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Plaster of Paris: thermal properties and biocompatibility. A study on an alternative implant material for ear surgery.

There is no single technique for reconstruction of the canal wall following radical mastoidectomy. Autograft tissues may be unsuitable because of resorption and limited availability. An ideal foreign implant material should be bone-like in quality, non-ototoxic, readily available and malleable. Plaster of Paris, a degradable ceramic powder of CaSO4, may be regarded as a bone mineral. But a certain amount of heat develops during its solidifying process and may present a risk for injury to the facial nerve and the labyrinth. We studied the temperature rise with respect to added solution, to volume, and to surroundings, and investigated its biocompatibility when implanted in soft tissue in guinea pigs. The investigations suggested no risk of thermal injury and the biocompatibility was excellent. Hence plaster of Paris may constitute an alternative implant material for mastoid obliteration and reconstruction of the canal wall in ear surgery.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

The use of particulate hydroxyapatite and plaster of Paris in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery.

The authors describe their early investigative results of using a mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) and plaster of Paris (PP) in skull and frontal sinus defects in a large series of cats. Histologically, bone was found to form and infiltrate the HA-PP implant over a period of months, with gradual resorption of the plaster in 6-8 weeks. Clinically, the HA-PP combination has been used in 24 patients over the past seven years for various skull, zygomatic, and mandibular defects.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

[Treatment of florid dorsal Scheuermann's disease with two new breathable plaster-of-paris casts and their biomechanical principles of action (author's transl)].

Basing on the experience collected with the breathable plaster-of-Paris jacket described by Koch in 1926 for treating the dorsal type of Scheuermann's disease, we developed two breathable and removable ortheses (Brakeler's jacket and Istanbul jacket). The biomechanical principles action of these jackets were examined both by calculation and clinically as well as roentgenologically.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗