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PubMed2003

Emil Kraepelin's dream speech: a psychoanalytic interpretation.

Freud's contemporary fellow psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin collected over the course of several decades some 700 specimens of speech in dreams, mostly his own, along with various concomitant data. These generally exhibit far more obvious primary-process influence than do the dream speech specimens found in Freud's corpus; but Kraepelin eschewed any depth-psychology interpretation. In this paper the authors first explore the respective orientations of Freud and Kraepelin to mind and brain, and normal and pathological phenomena, particularly as these relate to speech and dreaming. They then proceed, with the help of biographical sources, to analyze a selection of Kraepelin's deviant dream speech in the manner that was pioneered by Freud, most notably in his 'Autodidasker' dream. They find that Kraepelin's particular concern with the preservation of his rather uncommon family name--and with the preservation of his medical nomenclature, which lent prestige to that name--appears to provide a key link in a chain of associations for elucidating his dream speech specimens. They further suggest, more generally, that one's proper name, as a minimal characteristic of the ego during sleep, may prove to be a key in interpreting the dream speech of others as well.

Dreams↗
PubMed1991

Freud's Irma dream: a psychoanalytic interpretation.

This paper presents the hypothesis that Freud may have been haunted by the repressed memory of an incident of erotic aggression enacted by himself against his sister Anna when he was 5 years old and she 3 years old. It is suggested that this experience and its psychic ramifications make up the latent content of the Irma dream. The Irma dream is viewed here as the first dream of Freud's self-analysis. As in the analysis of the first reported dream in an actual treatment situation, meaning emerges progressively over time. The interpretation proposed in this paper is based on data emerging from 1895 until 1924. Principal sources are 'The interpretation of dreams', which is seen as an associative monologue, the letters to Wilhelm Fliess and Freud's early theoretical works.

Aggression↗
PubMed1993

[The driving force in the thinking of Norbert Elias. An attempt at psychoanalytic interpretation].

The theory of civilization proposed by the eminent sociologist Norbert Elias, who died in 1990, has its roots in Freud's theory of culture. Elias always denied the importance of personal factors in connection with his work, but as has been demonstrated in connection with artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and indeed Freud himself, this does not make it any the less legitimate to go in search of those infantile/unconscious motifs and affective sources powering Elias' prodigious scholarly creativity and informing his work, in however sublimated a form. Proceeding from the observation that successful scholarly or artistic production represents a synthesis of the forces of id, ego and super-ego, i.e. of affect, knowledge and conscience, the author demonstrates that concerns of central moment to Elias' thinking--commitment and non-involvement, establishment and outsider, the restraining of aggression in the civilizational process, interdependence of individuals--are partly the product of early experiences which Elias was able to turn to fruitful account in his work.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed1995

Clara Schumann: 'A woman's love and life': a psychoanalytic interpretation.

This study was undertaken to demonstrate how psychoanalysis can shed new light on a much studied life history. Clara's emotional life knew a sequence of losses and "prohibited" intimate relationships that created grave loyalty, identity, and identificatory conflicts for her. Since her early childhood, when her father forced her to give up her mother, she had been forced into a choice between the love objects most dear to her and the one on whom she depended for her emotional survival. This resulted in her later repetition compulsion to maneuver herself into the same conflict of loyalty and in her hesitation to decide when choosing one object meant losing the other. Clara had never known a normal separation, only loss and abandonment. She strove to combine the incompatible and succeeded in remaining loyal not only to her mother and father, but also to Robert Schumann, and eventually to Johannes Brahms. Clara Schumann's ideals were conflicted not only because she was educated by two men who were fighting each other, but also because her father, as well as Robert, had internally inconsistent and ambiguous ideas about women. Clara not only had to be obedient and creative, but self-sufficient at the same time. She was partially able to satisfy her own and her partner's needs and solve her deficiencies by projective identification, choosing taciturn men, more maternal than she.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Tearfulness: a psychoanalytic interpretation.

In our view, the tearful feeling state is occasioned by the ego temporarily threatened with being inundated by complex memories and affects. For the moment, the ego cannot provide appropriate satisfying and integrated verbal expression. Words and verbal thinking are delayed. In this brief period, a controlled regression occurs during which the ego relates the current "precipitating experience" to temporally older conflictual experiences in the presence of the current object as a transference object and with a series of relationships so closely connected to that experience that they are interchanged in whole or part by the less selective, regressed, ego operations. The conscious experience may be sadness, gratitude, love, pride, or joy. But beneath these, there is the controlled regression, which interrupts verbal expression while the ego works through the earlier related conflicts,now remembered. The tearful feeling, a step in the direction of overt weeping, primitively expresses the frustration of an early wish for relief from pain, the pain of the imbalance of a complex conflict. The tearful feeling both expresses the wish for relief of pain and, at the same time, interrupts current verbal expression until the needed defense operations reduce the threat of ego disruption by working through old conflicts once again. Our thesis, then, is that within the analytic or psychotherapeutic hour the patient's feeling of tearfulness is a "too much" ego phenomenon that leads to a psychophysiological outlet.

Adult↗