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PubMed1983

[Features of the evoked potentials of the posterior associative regions of the cerebral cortex in psychopathic personalities during perception of images of human faces].

Psychopathic individuals of an excitable type and healthy subjects were examined for visual evoked potentials (EPs) of the posterior associative regions of the cortex of both hemispheres displayed upon the perception of a diffusely illuminated stimulation field ("a blank slide") presented in a random sequence and three barely distinguishable images of a male face with different emotional expressions. Three series of experiments were carried out in which instructions of various nature were used to alter selectively the significance of the stimuli presented. It was found that the organization of EPs in response to both significant and insignificant stimuli in psychopaths was different from normal whatever the conditions of the perceptive activity. The most substantial deviations were observed under the conditions of the oriented recognition of a predefined image. The psychopathic subjects exhibited no difference in EPs in response to the signal and differentiated images in the right hemisphere as compared to the healthy test subjects in whom EPs in the right hemisphere were recorded earlier than in the left one. The identified characteristic changes in EPs in the process of fine differentiation of images are indicative of the impairment of right hemisphere functions which are responsible for the differentiation and recognition of slightly distinguishable visual images.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1985

[Regulation of the activity of psychopathic personalities by meaningful (motivational) goals].

An experimental-psychological study of the regulation of perceptive activity involved 20 psychopathic patients with excitable and hysteric manifestations and 20 mentally normal subjects. It was established that motivational orientations in normal subjects regulate manifestations of aims and determine such phenomena as "perceptive protection" and "perceptive readiness". In psychopathic patients motivational orientations and aims of activity function automatically and the activity of recognition is not regulated by orientations related to motives of activity. The results obtained reflect a poorly formed and unstable hierarchy of motivational formations in excitable and hysteric psychopaths.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Agitation therapy for antisocial and psychopathic personalities: an outline.

In this paper, a hypothetical model of agitation therapy for some categories of antisocial and psychopathic patients/offenders is presented. Agitation therapy is mainly meant for very problematic and aggressive individuals who do not (or hardly) respond (in some periods) to any other type of psychotherapy, neurofeedback, and/or psychopharmacotherapy. The author makes an attempt to develop an adequate model of agitation therapy that makes optimal use of learning moments in controlled conflict situations. During agitation therapy the aggressive antisocial or psychopathic individual will be exposed to external agitation of other patients in a controlled manner in order to increase his/her self-knowledge; awareness of his or her intolerable behavior and limitations; sublimation of aggression/anger; the willingness (and insight in the necessity) to change; feelings of responsibility and emotional, social and moral development. Agitation therapy is not intended to be an isolated form of psychotherapy, but it may be rather often successful in combination with other types of psychotherapy, neurofeedback, and/or psychopharmacotherapy.

Acting Out↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relationship of free and conjugated forms of catecholamines in depressive disorders in psychopathic personalities].

The study was undertaken to examine the content of free and conjugated forms of norepinephrine, dopamine, epinephrine in the daily urine and blood plasma of psychopathic patients during varying severity depressive disorders. To isolate the conjugated forms, hot acid hydrolysis was applied, catecholamines were measured by the procedures based on high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Patients with the most marked clinical signs of depressions were found to have the most profound urinary and blood shortage of free forms of dopamine and norepinephrine, as compared with the controls, which was associated with the most intensive conjugation of these catecholamines. Thus, it may be supposed that disturbances of the catecholamine conjugation systems are one of the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the development of affective disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Psychoneurotic and psychopathic personalities of polydrug abusers and effects of didactic instruction.

An investigation into the use of psychometric assessment instruments to produce psychographic profiles which proved superior to the use of individual measures on drug accepting versus drug rejecting age generational gaps is appropriate when considering drug and alcohol education programs. Clinical studies show that polydrug abusers have many psychoneurotic and psychopathic traits which can be measured through valid personality tests. Cuevas (1989), employed the Western Personality Inventory (Manson 1963) to identify individuals whose behavior and personality structure indicated they were polydrug users or had serious polydrug problems. The instrument revealed that a combinative process utilizing comparison groups from known polydrug abusers as a discriminant analysis technique with controls provided a high degree of accuracy. A high degree of precision in prediction was maintained in validation trials on independent samples. The personality characteristics and traits were extracted from a combination of commonly ordered personality tests. Results of the investigation indicate that clinical usage of the screening procedure is readily available without sophisticated computer support or the need for trained psychometricians. Additional results identified the process as interventive, therefore providing a simple way to produce early didactic preventive instruction.

Adult↗