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PubMed1997

Supervision and staff training for children's group psychotherapy: general principles and applications with cumulatively traumatized, inner-city children.

Cumulatively traumatized children frequently benefit from theme-centered, trauma-focused psychotherapy groups, which promote recovery from trauma and enhance ego functioning. Unfortunately, even as children's group programs proliferate, therapists are still routinely assigned to supervisors who neither understand nor appreciate the modality. Modality-specific supervision is critical in treating traumatized children in groups, because such children are at significant risk of retraumatization. This article surveys and discusses problematic supervisory practices; advocates modality-specific supervision focusing on peer interaction, multiple transference enactments, and group culture; and describes a process-oriented consultation group that facilitates modality-specific cognitive and affective learning.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Countertransference and life-and-death issues in group psychotherapy with child Holocaust survivors.

People, now in their fifties and sixties, who were children during the Nazi Holocaust in WWII, endured persecution, massive traumatization, the constant risk of being killed, as well as the violent loss of (most of) their family members. They have internalized the resulting ongoing confusion and conflicts as to whether they should be alive or dead. This is maintained as an integral part of the child component of their compound personality, described in this paper. During the three years of the psychotherapy group, on which we focused here, these issues were expressed in different ways, such as suicide threats, occasional intolerance to physically remaining in the group, and outbursts of annihilating rage at the therapists. The confusion and conflicts about the legitimacy and risks of their survival came to a head during the termination process we insisted upon. Much attention has also been given to the intricacies of our countertransference--further complicated by our own connection to the Holocaust. We learned, and described, just how essential it is to acknowledge and process this countertransference in order to both contain the intense affects of anxiety, rage, and mourning in the groups, and enable them to be safely expressed. We imagine similar dynamics can be expected in group therapy with other populations who suffered massive, man-made traumatization.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

What do men want? Male rituals of initiation in group psychotherapy.

Men in mixed-gender psychotherapy groups form male subgroups that serve the cause of gender identity development. The resulting enhancement of masculine identifications allows men to more fully participate in the interactional work of the whole group. The author details four stages in the evolution of the male subgroup, and compares these stages to the structure and function of initiation ceremonies in traditional societies.

Anxiety, Separation↗
PubMed1995

Countertransference issues in group psychotherapy with HIV-positive and AIDS patients.

Mental health professionals are increasingly aware of the special difficulties encountered by therapists working with HIV-positive and AIDS patients. In this report, countertransference issues experienced by therapists leading a psychotherapy group for heterosexual, drug-using HIV-positive and AIDS patients in an inner city hospital are explored. Countertransference is discussed under the headings of helplessness, death anxiety, and anger.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A place called HOPE: group psychotherapy for adolescents of parents with HIV/AIDS.

Project HOPE is a psychosocial support program for noninfected children of HIV-positive parents. The challenges of starting and implementing the program's psychotherapy group for grieving adolescents, and clinical examples of group process and effective interventions in group leadership, are described. Four stages in group development are explicated--safety, dependency, counterdependency, and independence--paralleling the adolescent separation-individuation process.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Group psychotherapy with inner-city grandmothers raising their grandchildren.

A year-long psychotherapy group consisting of two co-therapists and eight grandmothers who were parenting their daughters' children is presented. Three models that correspond to the co-therapists' psychoanalytic developmental orientation were used to describe the group phases of development. A number of themes that emerged at different points in the group's life are delineated. They include: authority, control, sibling rivalry, the generation gap, dealing with schools, illness and mortality, isolation, defensiveness, anger, fear of going crazy, guilt, shame, separation, and abandonment. Transference and countertransference issues are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of curative factors in different types of group psychotherapy.

The authors have constructed a Dutch version of Yalom's "Questionnaire for Curative Factors." This Dutch version has been administered to 134 participants of 22 psychotherapy groups in various psychiatric services in the Netherlands. Results concerning validity and reliability of the instrument are presented, as well as concerning the homogeneity of the hypothesized "factors." Differences between types of groups and categories of group members were tested by means of techniques of analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple regression analysis was applied in order to detect variables of differential qualities on one or more factors. Only the factor identification, neglected in literature on curative factors, was highly predictable.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assaultive behavior intervention in the Veterans Administration: psychodynamic group psychotherapy compared to cognitive behavior therapy.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of a psychodynamic psychotherapy group (PPG) and a cognitive-behavior group (CBG) for male veterans with a history of assault. METHODS: Data collected included the Addiction Severity Index, the Overt Aggression Scale, and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Subjects (N = 27) were assigned randomly to a central group, PPG, or CBG. Analyses included an overall comparison of the groups as well as repeated-measures analyses and adjustments for covariates. FINDINGS: The PPG showed a trend toward improvement of overt aggression and significant improvement of trait aggression compared with CBG. There were no differences in state aggression or efforts to control aggression. CONCLUSIONS: Both the PPG and CBG are effective treatments for aggression.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗
PubMed2001

Leader dilemmas and countertransference considerations in group psychotherapy with substance abusers.

Leader issues and countertransference dilemmas that emerge in psychotherapy groups for substance abusers will be examined along with strategies to extricate the therapist from the impasses that emerge. Specific issues include feelings of helplessness and inadequacy when a patient relapses and resumes substance use, countertransference reactions emanating from an overlapping personal or family history of substance abuse, countertransference helplessness when the therapist is more invested in the treatment than the patient, feelings of incompetence related to partial familiarity with 12-step culture and lingo, and countertransference devaluation fostered by systemic issues in substance abuse settings.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Psychodynamic aspects of coping with illness in stroke--experiences with a psychotherapy group].

The authors describe their experience of a group--psychotherapy with stroke patients during the phase of inpatient neurological rehabilitation. The process of coping in stroke patients shows similarities with grief reactions following the loss of important objects. But it is usually complicated by the fact that the physical injury is experienced as a narcissistic trauma resulting in low self--esteem and in feelings of anger and despair. Psychotherapeutic interventions can help to deal with such negative affects and should facilitate a mourning process, which is inevitable if adaptation to a life with a physical handicap should succeed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Consumers' views of the helpful aspects of an in-patient psychotherapy group: a preliminary communication.

Preliminary findings of a project to introduce a model of group psychotherapy into an acute admission unit are presented. Over a three-month period, patients' responses to group sessions were recorded using a modified form of the 'most important event' questionnaire (Bloch et al., 1979). Results are discussed in the context of previous findings and further research directions.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1975

Issues in developing psychotherapy groups for preschool children in outpatient clinics.

A survey of 10 randomly selected clinics indicated that only 1 offered group psychotherapy for preschool children. Reasons given for the lack of such programs resembled the resistances encountered in the authors' clinic. The authors describe the solutions they found in creating and running therapy groups for preschool children and in integrating parent counseling with this treatment. It is suggested that professional groups provide in-service training opportunities in this area to counteract resistances resulting from clinic staffs' perceived lack of experience and expertise.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2004

Group psychotherapy and related helping groups today: an overview.

Following an historical summary of the broader group helping field, the article differentiates among clinical group psychotherapy, "therapeutic" groups, human relations and training groups, as well as mutual-help and self-help groups. Twelve major theoretical models of group interventions are delineated, followed by an account of the current status of group treatment theory, practice and research. The role of group interventions in the fields of physical, sexual and substance abuse, chronic illness, and trauma--as in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks--are highlighted. A glimpse at the future of group treatments considers the obstacles and prospects occasioned by the managed care "revolution" in mental health.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1994

Innovative uses of psychodynamic group psychotherapy.

Psychodynamic group psychotherapy is gaining renewed attention as an effective form of treatment, due in part to increasing economic constraints that make other forms of treatment less accessible. The author highlights some innovative applications of both extended and time-limited groups. She also describes specific issues that can be addressed effectively in homogeneous time-limited group therapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Debriefing with brief group psychotherapy in a homogenous group of non-injured victims of a terrorist attack: a prospective study.

This study describes a follow-up of 15 non-injured women, all from the same socio-economic background, who were exposed to a terrorist attack in Israel. All of the women participated in group debriefing with brief group psychotherapy, involving six meetings during the first 2 months following the event. Two days after the attack, and 2 months and 6 months after the event, the women were administered a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic scale, the Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the SCL-90. At 6 months, four subjects (27%) were diagnosed with full PTSD. The IES showed significantly higher scores at the first measure than at the other two measures. Furthermore, the phobic anxiety subscale score immediately after the event was significantly associated with the General Severity Index of the SCL-90 and the severity of PTSD symptomatology at 6 months. The present paper discusses the effectiveness of psychological intervention following trauma, and raises questions concerning the need to invest public resources in this kind of intensive intervention. Suggestions are proposed regarding the desired emphasis of the psychological treatment in order to improve its benefits to victims.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗