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PubMed1983

[Psychoses and unidentified flying objects].

Some individuals claim to have come into contact and communicated with occupants of flying objects of extraterrestrial origin who often would have entrusted them with "missions" regarding the safeguard of humanity. The authors, who have observed six such subjects, conclude that five of them suffered from a paranoid delusional state often akin to paraphrenia; whereas other analogous cases previously reported have been diagnosed as suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. Their beliefs, inaccessible to criticism and to reasoning, presumably help them to remain outside psychiatric reach. The present article does not take an interest in the physical existence of this phenomenon and does not wish to be reductionistic. It does not claim to express a judgment on the witnesses of such phenomena whose mental health must be evaluated through a rigorous and impartial examination, and not be evaluated in terms of the examiner's preconceptions toward the witnesses' assertions.

Delusions↗
PubMed1987

Ethological study of facial behavior in nonparanoid and paranoid schizophrenic patients.

This investigation addressed the question of affective disturbance in schizophrenia by applying quantitative measurement techniques to patients' facial behavior. The subjects were medication-free male inpatients: nine nonparanoid and six paranoid schizophrenic patients and 12 drug- or alcohol-abuse rehabilitation control patients. Two judges scored the subjects' behavior, which was recorded on videotape, according to a system that included 16 different types of facial movements. Eye blinks, eye contact, and words spoken were also scored. Compared to the control patients, the nonparanoid schizophrenic patients spoke significantly fewer words and had significantly less eye contact, while the paranoid schizophrenic patients had significantly fewer eyebrow and lower facial movements.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Is paranoid status prognostic of good outcomes? It depends.

Better outcomes for psychiatric inpatients classified as paranoid rather than nonparanoid could be due to group differences in disability levels created by traditional classification approaches. Paranoid functioning, per se, may not predict good institutional outcomes. The authors retrieved community outcome data for 469 inpatients from 19 wards, a subsample of participants that had been previously examined during their inpatient stay. Paranoid groups showed better community outcomes as an artifact of differences in disability levels when classifications were based on the traditional approach that requires a predominance of paranoid over nonparanoid behavior. No differential outcomes appeared when classifications were based on dimensionally measured paranoid functioning alone. In fact, dispositions of patients suggest that staff view paranoid behavior as a negative rather than positive prognostic indicator.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Death in Jonestown: techniques of political control by a paranoid leader.

Jim Jones and Jonestown are discussed from a "political control" point of view. Seven basic techniques of political control are identified: Control of property and income, weakening of family ties, a sociopolitical caste system, control of egression (escape), control of verbal expression, cognitive control and emotional control. Jonestown is identified as a mini-totalitarian state ruled by a delusional and paranoid person.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1993

[The personality-modulated dissimulative behavior of patients with paranoid schizophrenia].

The revealed variants dissimulation in 120 mental patients at initial stage of schizophrenia stimulated evaluation of premorbid personality changes and their significance in the formation of dissimulative tendencies. 63 patients showed reticence, 49--affective instability, 8--increased irritability and unmotivated mood changes. Comparative analysis of clinical variants of dissimulation with the aspects of personality permit to suggest their importance in formation of behaviour motives in the development of the schizophrenia process at the paranoia stage.

Behavior↗
PubMed1987

Dysphoric mood in paranoid psychoses.

Many authors have stressed the particular affective behavior in paranoid psychoses, mainly its dysphoric pattern. In 1983, Berner formulated the dysphoric axial syndrome as a third type of the endogenomorphous cyclothymic axial syndrome. In this paper two points are examined: (1) The interrelation between dysphoric and depressive and/or manic affective disorders in paranoid psychoses, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, in order to test the hypothesis of their independence, and (2) the relation of dysphoric mood disorders in paranoid psychoses to their course, again in comparison with other types of affective symptoms. The paper is based on an empirical study by Gabriel in 1978 on the phenomenology and the course of paranoid psychoses.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1995

Obsessional harassment and erotomania in a criminal court population.

The criminal behaviors of harassment and menacing are difficult to control, and of increasing concern to the general public and local law enforcement officials. In 1992, the New York State Legislature modified the Penal Law, responding to public fears and concerns that stalking behavior may become violent. Some persons charged with these types of offenses are suffering from psychiatric disorders. Among these disorders are those classified as Delusional Disorders. According to both DSM-III-R (1987-1993) and DSM-IV (1994), there are five specific types of Delusional Disorder: erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, persecutory and somatic. This type of disorder tends to be chronic. Forty eight cases of persons charged with harassment and menacing in the New York County Criminal and Supreme Court and referred for evaluation to the Forensic Psychiatry Clinic between January 1987 and January 1994 are reviewed. When cases of erotomania and other affectionate/amorous complaints were compared with persecutory/angry forms of harassing behavior, there was a great deal of similarity. When all harassers were compared to the Clinic population as a whole, major differences in ethnicity, age, educational level and sex were noted. Findings are presented regarding incidence, other demographic data, recidivism, violence and clinical diagnosis. The researchers conclude that erotomania does exist, however, there are other psychiatric disorders which can also be diagnosed in individuals accused of harassing and menacing behavior. From the point of view of the victim and the criminal justice system, the similarities in behavior patterns are more important than the different diagnoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Paranoids in the legal system. The litigious paranoid and the paranoid criminal.

Paranoid symptomatology involving suspicions, a sense of being wronged and persecuted, along with an implacable will to retaliate against one's enemies, often translates into litigious struggles. Paranoids resort to the judicial arena to act out their own internal psychopathologic needs. Examples are offered of the many ways litigious paranoids may present within the legal system, as well as how interventions by the psychiatrist may be useful. Criminal behavior by paranoids, under the sway of full-blown delusions of various types, is discussed and analyzed. Historical cases are described (Hadfield, M'Naghten), and more contemporary cases are discussed according to diagnostic subtypes. The central importance of paranoid delusions in insanity defense cases and the exculpatory effect of various delusional subtypes are examined.

Crime↗