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PubMed2006

Linkage and mapping of resistance genes to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae in yellow passion fruit.

The cultivated passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) is a cross-pollinated species native to South America. In the current study, a segregating F1 population derived from a single cross between the clones IAPAR-06 and IAPAR-123 was used to construct AFLP-based linkage maps and to map resistance genes to bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae. Linkage analysis was performed by the 2-way pseudo-testcross mapping method using markers that segregated in a 1:1 ratio. The IAPAR-06 linkage map was constructed using 115 markers, 112 of which were allocated to 9 linkage groups (LG) covering 790.2 cM. The map of IAPAR-123 was constructed using 140 markers, 138 of which were allocated to 9 LG covering 488.9 cM. In both maps, clusters of markers were detected, indicating that the AFLP markers were not distributed at random. Bacterial resistance was assessed by measuring the diseased leaf area after wound-inoculating the leaves of F1 plants. Quantitative resistance loci (QRLs) mapping was carried out by composite interval mapping and 1 QRL was detected, which explained 15.8% of the total phenotypic variation. The possibility of considering these data for marker-assisted selection in passion fruit breeding programs is discussed.

Genetic Linkage↗
PubMed1994

Cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus-Morocco and South African Passiflora virus are strains of the same potyvirus.

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles of tryptic peptides and partial amino acid sequence analysis have been employed to establish the taxonomic status of the Moroccan isolate of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). Some previous reports have suggested CABMV to be very closely related to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (B1CMV) while other reports have concluded that this relationship is distant. In this report a tryptic digest of the coat protein of CABMV-Morocco was compared with those of the coat proteins of B1CMV-Type, B1CMV-W, the mild mottle strain of peanut stripe virus (PStV-MM) and the NY15 strain of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV-NY15), all of which are now recognised as strains of BCMV. The comparisons also included the NL-3 strain of bean necrosis mosaic virus (BNMV-NL3), which had previously been classified as a strain of BCMV. The HPLC peptide profiles indicated that CABMV-Morocco was distinct from BCMV and BNMV. Amino acid sequence analysis of peptides accounting for more than half of the coat protein confirmed that CABMV-Morocco was not a strain of BNMV or BCMV but was a distinct member of the BCMV subset of viruses that previously has been shown to include BCMV, BNMV, soybean mosaic virus, zucchini yellow mosaic virus, passionfruit woodiness virus and South African Passiflora virus (SAPV). Comparison of the partial sequence data with these and other published sequences revealed that the coat protein of CABMV-Morocco is very similar to that of SAPV suggesting that they are strains of the same virus. Since CABMV was described over 25 years earlier than SAPV, the name CABMV should take precedence and SAPV should be renamed CABMV-SAP, the South African Passiflora strain of CABMV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Occupational respiratory allergic disease induced by Passiflora alata and Rhamnus purshiana.

BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in the incidence of occupational asthma along with better understanding of its pathophysiologic mechanisms and etiologic factors. There are no reports of patients with asthma and rhinitis to Passiflora alata (passion flower) and Rhamnus purshiana (cascara sagrada). METHODS: We describe two substances of plant origin as causal agents of occupational allergic respiratory diseases in a patient who worked in a pharmacy devoted to the manual preparation of products. RESULTS: Skin testing and Western blot confirmed the sensitization of the patient to these plant extracts in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Bronchial challenge confirmed the cause-effect relationship between the allergen exposure and the diseases. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that Passiflora and cascara sagrada are two new etiologic agents of IgE-mediated occupational asthma and rhinitis. The present study also serves to alert physicians to the risks associated with work in pharmacies devoted to manual preparation of plant extracts, emphasizing the importance of the use of protective measures in these environments.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Passicol, an antibacterial and antifungal agent produced by Passiflora plant species: preparation and physicochemical characteristics.

An increased yield of the crude material with antibacterial and antifungal activity produced by Passiflora species was obtained by aerated bathing of cut rinds of banana passion fruit in water in rotating cylindrical bottles. The crude material was separated into several fractions by thin-layer chromatography with the use of silica gel and ethyl acetate-chloroform (2:1). The fractions showing ultraviolet absorption maxima in the vicinity of 340, 358, and 375 to 377 nm were biologically active. The data indicate that the active material, here called "Passicol" for the first time, has characteristics of the polyacetylenic group of compounds. The activity can be preserved for a long time when crude material is stored in organic solvent in the dark at 6 C. Gentle bathing of the cut rinds of Passiflora in water in the presence of air and ethylene stimulated the formation of the active principle.

Alkynes↗
PubMed2005

Effects of the insoluble fiber derived from Passiflora edulis seed on plasma and hepatic lipids and fecal output.

The influence of the insoluble fiber-rich fraction (FRF) prepared from defatted Passiflora edulis seed, a potential fiber source, on plasma and hepatic lipids and fecal output were investigated in hamsters fed a hypercholesterolemic diet containing 5% insoluble FRF. The results showed that the consumption of insoluble FRF diet relative to cellulose diet could effectively (P < 0.05) decrease the levels of serum triglyceride, serum total cholesterol, and liver cholesterol, and increase (P < 0.05) the levels of total lipids, cholesterol, and bile acids in feces. The consumption of insoluble FRF also increased (P < 0.05) the fecal bulk and moisture. The marked cholesterol- and lipid-lowering effects of insoluble FRF might be partly attributed to its ability to enhance the excretion of lipids and bile acids via feces. Our results suggested that insoluble FRF could be a potential hypocholesterolemic ingredient for fiber-rich functional foods, but some further researches in humans may be needed to confirm its benefits.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assay of quadranguloside, the major saponin of leaves of Passiflora alata, by HPLC-UV.

An HPLC method with UV detection has been developed and validated in order to quantify quadranguloside, the main saponin of the leaves of Passiflora alata. The analysis was achieved by simple isocratic elution (with acetonitrile:aqueous phosphoric acid) using a Nova-Pak phenyl column. The amount of quadranguloside present in aqueous extracts from leaves of P. alata was estimated to be 22.2% (w/w), corresponding to 0.8% (w/w) in relation to dried leaves. The assay method described is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive, and may form part of future drug authentication protocols.

Brazil↗
PubMed2003

Aphrodisiac activity of methanol extract of leaves of Passiflora incarnata Linn in mice.

The aphrodisiac properties of the methanol extract of leaves of Passiflora incarnata Linn. have been evaluated in mice by observing the mounting behaviour. The methanol extract of P. incarnata exhibited significant aphrodisiac behaviour in male mice at all doses, i.e. 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg. Amongst these, the highest activity was observed with the 100 mg/kg dose when the mountings were calculated about 95 min after the administration of the test extracts.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The complete nucleotide sequence of Passiflora latent virus and its phylogenetic relationship to other carlaviruses.

A virus identified as Passiflora latent virus (PLV) was isolated from passion fruit plants. Particle morphology, host range and serological properties suggested that this virus belongs to the genus Carlavirus. The complete genomic sequence of PLV was determined by sequencing overlapping cDNA fragments. The genome consisted of 8386 nt, excluding the poly (A) tail and contained six open reading frames, typical of carlaviruses. The overall similarities of the predicted amino acid sequence of PLV to those of other carlaviruses ranged from 25 to 73%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PLV was closely related to lily symptomless virus and blueberry scorch virus. This is the first report of the complete nucleotide sequence and genome structure of PLV.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

An antifungal peptide from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds with similarities to 2S albumin proteins.

An actual worldwide problem consists of an expressive increase of economic losses and health problems caused by fungi. In order to solve this problem, several studies have been concentrating on the screening of novel plant defence peptides with antifungal activities. These peptides are commonly characterized by having low molecular masses and cationic charges. This present work reports on the purification and characterization of a novel plant peptide of 5.0 kDa, Pe-AFP1, purified from the seeds of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). Purification was achieved using a Red-Sepharose Cl-6B affinity column followed by reversed-phase chromatography on Vydac C18-TP column. In vitro assays indicated that Pe-AFP1 was able of inhibiting the development of the filamentous fungi Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus fumigatus with IC50 values of 32, 34, and 40 microg ml(-1), respectively, but not of Rhyzoctonia solani, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Candida albicans. This protein was also subjected to automated N-terminal amino acid sequence, showing high degree of similarities to storage 2S albumins, adding a new member to this protein-defence family. The discovery of Pe-AFP1 could contribute, in a near future, to the development of biotechnological products as antifungal drugs and transgenic plants with enhanced resistance to pathogenic fungi.

Albumins↗
PubMed2006

Simultaneous optimization by neuro-genetic approach of a multiresidue method for determination of pesticides in Passiflora alata infuses using headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography.

A simultaneous optimization strategy based on neuro-genetic approach has been applied to a HS-SPME-GC-ECD (Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction coupled to Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection) method for simultaneous determination of the pesticides chlorotalonil, methyl parathion, malathion, alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan in herbal infusions of Passiflora alata (Dryander). Two types of extractive fibers were used: a home-made device coated by sol-gel process with polydimethylsiloxane-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PDMS/PVA) and a commercial PDMS. The effects of extraction parameters such as dilution of the infusion, extraction temperature and time, as well as sample ionic strength were evaluated through the Doehlert design. To find a model that could relate these extraction parameters with the extraction efficiency of all pesticide simultaneously, a Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network (BRANN) approach was employed. Subsequently, Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied to attain the optimum values from the model developed by the neural network. The use of the proposed approach allowed the determination of a single extraction condition that maximized the peak areas of all pesticides simultaneously, showing a promising and a suitable new procedure to the optimization process of complex analytical problems.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Protective effects of Passiflora alata extract pretreatment on carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative damage in rats.

The leaf extract of Passiflora alata Dryander (P. alata) has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant activity in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P. alata leaf extract pretreatment on carbon tetrachloride-treated rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups: group 1 (control - vehicle), group 2 and 3 (P. alata extract - 1 and 5mg/kg, respectively) and group 4 (trolox - 0.18mg/kg). Rats received daily pretreatment by oral gavage for 30 days followed by a single dose of CCl(4) (3ml/kg i.p. in vegetable oil) on the 30th day and were killed after 6h. The pretreatment with the P. alata extract provided significant protection to liver, evidenced by lower degree of necrosis, decreased lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Additionally, pretreated-rats with P. alata (5mg/kg) showed significantly decreased cardiac TBARS levels. Our results indicate that a low oral dose of P. alata leaf extract has both hepato and cardioprotective effects on rats treated with CCl(4).

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Pharmacological studies on the sedative and hypnotic effect of Kava kava and Passiflora extracts combination.

Kava kava extract, Passiflora extract and a combination of both extracts, administered to mice, caused a significant decrease of the amphetamine-induced hypermotility and significant prolongation of sleeping phase induced by subcutaneous injection of barbiturates. Due to a synergism of both extracts, simultaneously administered the pharmacologically registered effect in both in vivo experiments was found to be superior over the sum of the single separately administered extracts.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed2001

Comparative biological activity study on Passiflora incarnata and P. edulis.

The correct identity of Passiflora incarnata and P. edulis was recently established using various parameters. To strengthen these findings, the anxiolytic activity of these two controversial plants has been comparatively investigated. The methanol extract of P. incarnata exhibited significant anxiolytic activity at an oral dose of 125 mg/kg, whereas P. edulis was devoid of any significant activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Anxiolytic activity of aerial and underground parts of Passiflora incarnata.

The petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water extracts of Passiflora incarnata whole plant and sorted out plant parts have been evaluated for their anxiolytic activity using the elevated plus-maze model in mice. The methanol extracts of leaves, stems, flowers, and whole plant exhibited anxiolytic effects at 100, 125, 200 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. The roots were practically devoid of anxiolytic effects. These results show that roots and flowers of P. incarnata act as natural adulterants by causing a significant increase in the anxiolytic dose. Therefore, separation of these parts is recommended prior to any pharmacological, phytochemical and standardization studies on P. incarnata.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Antitussive activity of the methanol extract of Passiflora incarnata leaves.

The methanol extract of the leaves of Passiflora incarnata (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant antitussive activity on sulfur dioxide-induced cough in mice, the cough inhibition (39.4 and 65.0%, respectively) being comparable to that of codeine phosphate (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o., respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Anti-anxiety studies on extracts of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus.

Passiflora incarnata Linn. has been used to cure anxiety and insomnia since time immemorial. Despite the worldwide use of P. incarnata, the pharmacological work on this plant had been inadequate, inconclusive and wage as the earlier reports were unable to infer the mode of action of the plant as well as the phytoconstituents responsible for the much acclaimed anxiolytic and sedative effects of P. incarnata. An attempt has been made to isolate and identify the bioactive phytomoiety of P. incarnata by resorting to bioactivity directed fractionation and chromatographic procedures. A fraction derived from the methanol extract of P. incarnata has been observed to exhibit significant anxiolytic activity at a dose of 10 mg/kg in mice using elevated plus-maze model of anxiety. This fraction comprises mainly two components which are visible as blue and turquoise colored fluorescent spots at 366 nm of the UV light. The possibility of a phytoconstituent having benzoflavone nucleus as the basic moiety being responsible for the bioactivity of P. incarnata is highly anticipated.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Suppression of alcohol-cessation-oriented hyper-anxiety by the benzoflavone moiety of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus in mice.

A benzoflavone moiety has been reported recently to be responsible for the multifarious CNS effects of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus. In the light of the established usefulness of the benzoflavone moiety in counteracting the withdrawal effects of substances like morphine, cannabinoids and nicotine by the authors, the bioactive benzoflavone moiety (BZF) has been tested in mice treated with an addictive dose (2 g/kg, bid for 6 days) of ethyl alcohol, in order to evaluate its effectiveness in countering alcohol dependence. In a 7-day regimen, different groups of mice were administered vehicle, alcohol and alcohol+three doses (10, 20 and 50 mg/kg of the benzoflavone moiety) of P. incarnata; all treatments (chronic) being administered orally, twice daily for 6 days. Similarly, three other groups of mice were rendered addicts upon alcohol by administration of the addictive dose (2 g/kg, bid for 6 days) of ethyl alcohol, and a single acute administration of 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg dose of benzoflavone moiety was given on the 7th day. In both, chronic and acute administrations, the benzoflavone moiety prevented significantly the expression of withdrawal effects of alcohol as there was a significant decrease in anxiety oriented behavior in mice that received benzoflavone moiety of P. incarnata. The chronic administration of P. incarnata with alcohol had better preventive effects than the single acute treatment with P. incarnata in alcohol-dependent mice.

Alcoholism↗