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Results for “Personality Inventory”

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PubMed1994

Revised NEO Personality Inventory profiles of narcissistic and nonnarcissistic people.

This study investigated the construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory against the Revised NEO Personality Inventory to test the hypothesis that narcissistic and nonnarcissistic people have different personality profiles. The two inventories were administered to 96 male and 92 female undergraduates. Multivariate as well as univariate analyses of variance indicated that the Revised NEO Personality Inventory profiles were significantly different for narcissistic and nonnarcissistic groups which supported the construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Personality in adulthood: a six-year longitudinal study of self-reports and spouse ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory.

Previous longitudinal studies of personality in adulthood have been limited in the range of traits examined, have chiefly made use of self-reports, and have frequently included only men. In this study, self-reports (N = 983) and spouse ratings (N = 167) were gathered on the NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985b), which measures all five of the major dimensions of normal personality. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses on data from men and women aged 21 to 96 years showed evidence of small declines in Activity, Positive Emotions, and openness to Actions that might be attributed to maturation, but none of these effects was replicated in sequential analyses. The 20 other scales examined showed no consistent pattern of maturational effects. In contrast, retest stability was quite high for all five dimensions in self-reports and for the three dimensions measured at both times in spouse ratings. Comparable levels of stability were seen for men and women and for younger and older subjects. The data support the position that personality is stable after age 30.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

The development of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was constructed at the University of Minnesota before and during World War II. In its developmental phase, the MMPI was conceptualized as an efficient way of detecting psychiatric disturbance. The test's construction was made possible by atypical cooperation between psychologists and psychiatrists, within the context of a crisis in the U.S. public mental health care system. The MMPI was designed to meet the diagnostic needs of psychiatrists. As such, it represented the operationalization of medical hegemony. However, the interpretation of the MMPI shifted significantly after the war, reflecting organizational reform in clinical psychology and changing professional relationships between psychologists and psychiatrists.

History, 20th Century↗

PubMed1999

Development and first results of the Borderline Personality Inventory: a self-report instrument for assessing borderline personality organization.

This article reports the development of a short 53-item true-false self-report instrument, the Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI). The BPI is based on Kernberg's (1984) concept of borderline personality organization. However, the diagnostic criteria are compatible with both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and Gunderson's (Gunderson & Kolb, 1978) concept of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The BPI contains scales for assessing identity diffusion, primitive defense mechanisms, and reality testing. Another scale refers to the fear of closeness. The construction of the scales is based on the results of a factor analysis. As a result of several studies, a cutoff score is proposed to make the diagnosis of a BPD. Thus, the BPI combines dimensional and categorical models of BPD. The BPI was tested in several studies. According to the results, internal consistency and retest reliability are satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha = .68-.91, rtt = .73-.89). Results for sensitivity are .85 to .89, and results for specificity .78 to .89. The BPI identifies borderline patients in high agreement with Kernberg's criteria of borderline personality organization, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) criteria of BPD and Gunderson's criteria of BPD. The BPI is recommended as a screening instrument for borderline personality organization and BPD and for dimensional research of borderline features in Axis I and Axis II disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Psychological androgyny and the NEO Personality Inventory.

The hypothesis that the personality profile of androgynous individuals is different from those of the other sex-role groups was tested by giving the Personal Attributes Questionnaire and the NEO Personality Inventory to 113 male and 135 female undergraduates. Results strongly supported the hypothesis.

Female↗

PubMed1975

Similarities between parents and offspring on a personality inventory.

The authors administered a personality inventory that has been used as a psychiatric screening test to 28 children and their natural parents. By intercorrelations between the tests of parents and offspring they attempted to find out whether the offspring resembled the parent of same sex, the parent of the opposite sex, or a composite of both parents. They found that the offspring resembled their peer group more often than either parent or a composite of both parents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

A cluster analysis of Basic Personality Inventory (BPI) adolescent profiles.

Basic Personality Inventory profiles of 95 male and 118 female adolescent admissions to a crisis intervention unit were subjected to a cluster analytic procedure. For both males and females, four subgroups were identified: Mental Health Maladjustment, Interpersonal Maladjustment, High-risk Rebellion, and Adjustment. Subgroups differed significantly on alternative markers of psychopathology (SCL-90-R and Diagnoses). Subgroups identified were consistent with groupings identified previously. The subgroups also corresponded with broad-band syndromes that are conventional within the literature on adolescent psychopathology. Subgroup characteristics and implications for adolescent assessment are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Age trends and age norms for the NEO Personality Inventory-3 in adolescents and adults.

The NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3) is a modification of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) designed to be more understandable to adolescents. Data from adults aged 21 to 91 showed that the NEO-PI-3 also functions as well or better than the NEO-PI-R in adults. Age trends from combined adolescent (n = 500) and adult (n = 635) samples confirmed previous cross-sectional findings and demonstrated the importance of studying age changes especially at the facet level and during the decade of the 20s. Normative data for self-report and observer rating forms for adolescents, younger and older adults, and all adults are discussed, as well as for a combined-age group. It is argued that combined-age norms may be most appropriate for depicting the personality scores of individuals, but the utility for some purposes of within-age group scores is also acknowledged.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

A quantitative review of the comprehensiveness of the five-factor model in relation to popular personality inventories.

Reports of associations between the five-factor model (FFM) and the scales of popular personality inventories have generated controversy regarding the comprehensiveness of the FFM. The controversy is fueled by a preoccupation with capturing scale variance and differentiating between specific scales, whereas the focus should instead be on whether the FFM captures the common variance and the dimensions that exist in personality constructs. Analyses of published data revealed that the portions of scale variance captured by the FFM (mean = 38%) were substantial when evaluated in relation to the portions of common variance that exist in most personality inventories (mean = 50%). Furthermore, interbattery factor analyses indicated that the factor structures in most personality inventories can be closely replicated using data derived solely from scale associations with the FFM. Exceptions to this finding occurred for only 2 of 28 personality inventories. The findings support the comprehensiveness of the FFM.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗

PubMed1986

Validity of two psychological screening measures in family practice: Personal Inventory and Family APGAR.

To determine the level of accuracy with which the Personal Inventory and Family APGAR identify patients with psychological distress, the two instruments were administered to patients new to a family practice clinic. Eighteen months later, the following clinical variables were recorded by chart audit: number of physician visits, number of chronic and acute illnesses or conditions diagnosed, and presence of psychological symptoms. A high frequency of psychological symptoms was observed in the clinical sample; depression, anxiety, marital problems, and chemical dependency were most frequently seen. Statistically significant differences were observed between the mean scores for symptomatic and nonsymptomatic patients on both the Personal Inventory and Family APGAR. Cutting scores established for each instrument allowed for the accurate classification of 83 percent of symptomatic patients by the Personal Inventory and 68 percent of symptomatic patients by the Family APGAR. Substantial gains in screening accuracy occurred when both measures were administered and when a "symptomatic" score on either instrument was considered suggestive of psychological distress. Although individuals with "symptomatic" scores attended the clinic more frequently than those nonsymptomatic by test, differences were not statistically significant. The results support the use of the Personal Inventory and the adjunctive use of the Family APGAR.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Freiburg Personality Inventory scores of patients with chronic polyarthritis in comparison with persons with arthrotic manifestations--no indication of a typical polyarthritis personality].

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and arthrosis (33 females and 11 males in each group) were compared in terms of scores in the Freiburger Personality Inventory. After matching subjects of both groups for sex and age, t-tests for correlating samples were applied. No significant differences were found in any scale; in three of them significance was just missed (5% less than p less than 10%). Given the number of comparisons, this is not surprising; in addition, personality characteristics, as assessed by these scales, do not agree with descriptions of rheumatoid arthritis patients as given in the literature. Our results, hence, do not lend support to the assumption of a typical personality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Elevated scores as found in other studies are most likely to reflect symptoms of joint ache rather than psychopathology.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Differential item functioning by sex and race in the Hogan Personality Inventory.

The authors examined measurement bias in the Hogan Personality Inventory by investigating differential item functioning (DIF) across sex and two racial groups (Caucasian and Black). The sample consisted of 1,579 Caucasians (1,023 men, 556 women) and 523 Blacks (321 men, 202 women) who were applying for entry-level, unskilled jobs in factories. Although the group mean differences were trivial, more than a third of the items showed DIF by sex (38.4%) and by race (37.3%). A content analysis of potentially biased items indicated that the themes of items displaying DIF were slightly more cohesive for sex than for race. The authors discuss possible explanations for differing clustering tendencies of items displaying DIF and some practical and theoretical implications of DIF in the development and interpretation of personality inventories.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

The relationship between Beck's concepts of sociotropy and autonomy and the NEO-Personality Inventory.

Beck (1983) proposed that two personality dimensions, sociotropy and autonomy, represent vulnerability factors for depression. This study assesses the relations between sociotropy/autonomy (Sociotropy/Autonomy scale) and five personality dimensions, i.e. neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (NEO-Personality Inventory). Sociotropy was related positively to neuroticism and negatively to openness to experience. Autonomy was positively associated with conscientiousness.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Waddell's nonorganic signs and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles in patients with chronic low back pain.

STUDY DESIGN: An analysis of clinical data gathered at an orthopedic outpatient clinic is presented. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between Waddell scores and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory response patterns. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Waddell's study of nonorganic signs of low back pain showed consistent correlations with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales 1 to 3. METHODS: A Waddell score was obtained from 507 consecutive patients with chronic low back pain to whom an Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory also was administered. The sample was divided into those patients with a high Waddell score (high waddell score = 3 to 5) and those with a low Waddell score (low waddell score = 0 to 2); men and women were scored separately. RESULTS: Among male patients, statistically significant differences were found between the high Waddell score and low Waddell score groups on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales, 1, 3, and 8, but among females, differences were statistically significant only on scale 8. CONCLUSIONS: Correlations between the Waddell score and the first three scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were not fully replicated. The difference between the high Waddell and low Waddell groups on scale 8, however, was significant for men and women.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Objective personality assessment of children: an exploratory study of the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) in a child psychiatric setting.

Some initial data are presented on the clinical utility of a new multidimensional objective personality inventory, the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC), Tabulation of symptoms and family characteristics independently derived from the chart data generated by 79 preadolescent outpatient evaluations resulted in an average of 12 correlates for each of the 16 profile scales. These correlates provided substantial support for the basic interpretive intent of at least 14 of these scales, as well as additional serendipitous construct validity in the form of PIC scale-parent descriptor relationships. The presentation of case findings of two adolescents with dissimilar PIC profiles demonstrated the potential value of this diagnostic instrument.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1987

Common dimensions of psychopathology from the MMPI and the Basic Personality Inventory.

The MMPI and the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI) were administered to 235 male hospitalized psychiatric patients who were undergoing treatment for alcoholism. The 13 validity and clinical scales from the MMPI and the 12 scales from the BPI were subjected to principal axes factor analysis and Varimax rotation. The five factors retained for interpretation, which accounted for more than 96% of the common variance, each had loadings from both the MMPI and the BPI. Factors were identified as Inadequate Impulse Control, Generalized Anxiety, Depression and Somatization, Psychotic Processes, and Depressed Withdrawal. Given the high percentage of variance accounted for by the factors, it was concluded that the MMPI and BPI measure the same broad domain of psychopathology.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The NEO-PI-3: a more readable revised NEO Personality Inventory.

Use of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992) in adolescent samples has shown that a few respondents have difficulty with a subset of items. We identified 30 items that were not understood by at least 2% of adolescent respondents and 18 additional items with low item-total correlations, and we wrote 2 trial replacement items for each. We used self-report and observer rating data from 500 respondents aged 14 to 20 to select replacement items. The modified instrument retained the intended factor structure and showed slightly better internal consistency, cross-observer agreement, and readability (Flesch-Kincaid grade level = 5.3). The NEO-PI-3 appears to be useful in high school and college samples and may have wider applicability to adults as well.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

A new method for detecting brain disorder by measuring perseveration in personality inventory responses.

A 130-item personality inventory (the Psychological Screening Inventory, Lanyon, 1970) was used to obtain a novel measure of perseveration coupled with affirmative set. Acquiescent Perseveration (AP), a quantitative behavioral metric, is the sum of the lengths of True (T) response runs 4 and longer, doubling T runs 9 and longer. With male subjects, a one-way ANOVA comparison of heterogeneous organics with five non-organic control groups (normals, neurotics, sociopaths, personality disorders, and schizophrenics) showed mean AP differences greater than .001 versus every control group. The measure, requiring no scoring key, was successfully cross-validated with six similar female groups. AP means for non-organics showed no increase across 5 decades of age. In small supplementary studies AP was related inversely to Shipley Abstraction (Shipley, 1940, 1946) scores and directly to the Halstead-Reitan Impairment Index (Reitan & Davison, 1974). AP, uncorrected for age, IQ or education, matches the best single cognitive neuropsychological tests in distinguishing organics from psychiatric patients. Inventory response sequences contain previously unrecognized latent data sensitive to neuropathology.

Journal Article↗