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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Factors influencing bone fractures in severely disabled persons.

OBJECTIVES: Factors affecting bone fracture in severely disabled persons were evaluated. DESIGN: Bone mineral density was measured, and the ratio against the average values in healthy subjects was calculated. Seventy-three subjects were selected from among 113 inpatients with severe mental and physical handicaps. The subjects were classified into four levels of mobility. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the contribution of variables to the history of bone fracture. Age, medication of sodium valproate, and bone mineral density percentage were found to significantly affect bone fracture. CONCLUSIONS: Increase of bone mineral density is the protective or preventive factor in bone fracture.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1981

Prediction of attitudes toward disabled persons: a multivariate analysis.

University students N equals 326 were asked to complete the Attitude Toward Disabled Persons (ATDP) scale Form 0, and their summated scores were correlated with six demographic and experiential variables. A multiple correlation of .25 was obtained between the attitude variable and a composite of the predictors. Intensity of contact with disabled persons accounted for the most variance in attitude scores.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Burnout among people working with intellectually disabled persons: a theory update and an example.

The paper offers an overview of the burnout literature connected to work stress and is specially aimed at professionals with responsibilities for persons with intellectual disabilities. In the paper different important key concepts in the burnout literature are both discussed in general terms, and also connected to the different instruments used to assess burnout. The effect of stress and burnout intervention procedures is also discussed thoroughly. At the end of the paper there is an example of an intervention study among staff working with persons with intellectual disabilities. The paper concludes that future progress is to be dependent onempirical tests of theory-based models using research designs that permit causal inferences. In addition there is a growing need for longitudinal designs reporting effects of different intervention approaches, especially among the staff working with persons with intellectual disabilities.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1981

Are prejudices against disabled persons determined by personality characteristics? Reviewing a theoretical approach on the basis of empirical research findings.

Taking as point of departure the results obtained from research on prejudice, many authors believe that the quality of attitudes toward disabled persons is influenced by the personality structure of the nondisabled. In order to verify this assumption, a secondary analysis of 67 empirical studies was undertaken. These studies referred to different personality variables such as authoritarianism, ethnocentrism, dogmatism, rigidity, intolerance of ambiguity, cognitive simplicity, anxiety, ego-weakness, self-concept, body-concept, aggressiveness, empathy, intelligence, etc. The results can be summarized as follows: Statistical criteria show that single personality traits have relatively little influence on the attitudes towards disabled persons. An adequate evaluation of the research findings is complicated by, at times, considerable methodological problems which arise when applying the proper test instruments to non-clinical populations. Marked correlations are to be found in particular in the case of authoritarianism, ethnocentrism, intolerance of ambiguity, anxiety, and ego-weakness. The intercorrelations, however, between most of the personality variables are rather high, which by cumulation of "extreme" factors may, in fact, sometimes result in particularly unfavorable attitudes toward the disabled. Thus, personality-related research findings to provide certain valuable explanations. Special attention should be devoted to the multiple connections between personality structure and social structure.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

The incompetent developmentally disabled person's right of self-determination: right-to-die, sterilization and institutionalization.

The developmentally disabled, specifically those mentally incompetent from birth, are entitled to a full panoply of constitutional rights and protections. These rights include the right to terminate life-sustaining treatment, the right of procreative integrity and the right not to be involuntarily institutionalized. However, the mentally incompetent developmentally disabled are generally unable to exercise these rights. This Note asserts first that proper procedural safeguards are necessary to guarantee the exercise of these constitutional rights by the incompetent disabled individual. Second, the Note focuses upon how best to preserve the disabled person's autonomy. The Note subsequently rejects the substituted judgment standard as a legal fiction, and endorses the best interest test which necessarily comports with the evidence, and properly accounts for the disabled person's incompetency.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Honest and faked responses on the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale--Form A.

This study was completed by Dr Speakman while he was Associated Professor and Chairman of the Department of Rehabilitation in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Zimbabwe. At that time Andrew Tembo was a physical therapy student and Sarah Hendry was an occupational therapy student. In recent years there has been increased interest in the attitudes held towards disabled persons by physiotherapy students and physiotherapists. Research on this topic has been conducted in Canada, Australia, the USA, and South Africa. In every one of these studies the instrument used to measure attitudes was one of the three forms of the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scales (ATDPS). A major shortcoming of self-report scales such as the ATDPS is that they can often be faked. If the scales contain "transparent" statements, that is, statements to which the socially desirable answer is obvious or seems obvious, the subjects may be tempted to fake their responses. It is therefore important to determine if a self-report scale can be faked. Of the five studies that have been undertaken to determine if the ATDPS are fakeable, four have indicated that they are not, while one has demonstrated that they are. As it seems that the ATDPS will continue to be the instrument of choice in the measurement of attitudes toward disabled persons by physiotherapy students and physiotherapists, it is important that this question be resolved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between music therapy students' contact with and attitude toward disabled persons.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the amount and type of contact with disabled persons affects student attitudes toward these individuals. University music therapy students (N = 67) were divided into four groups: Group 1 acted as a no-contact control. Group 2 viewed videotapes of disabled persons and received information about clients viewed. Group 3 observed music therapy sessions and participated in post-session feedback, and Group 4 planned, conducted, and evaluated actual music therapy clinic sessions. After pretesting with Nelson's Musical Interaction Scale, students participated in assigned therapy training sessions 3 hours per week for 12 weeks, followed by posttesting with the same measurement scale. Multivariate analysis of covariance using pretest scores as covariates revealed no significant group differences on the Musical Interaction Scale subscales due to degree and type of client contact or to students' academic class. The article discusses the impact of these results on clinical training.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Social work with transport disabled persons: a wayfinding perspective in health care.

Transport disabled persons confront extensive architectural and psychosocial barriers during their travel to community based health care services by mass transit. The current health care reform movement affords social work an opportunity to consolidate its expertise with this population. The Certificate of Need program is a method with which social work can provide service to people with transportation disabilities. Social work can also continue its use of the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Urban Mass Transportation Act to assist people with transport disabilities to access community based health care services.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1984

Modifying attitudes toward disabled persons while resocializing spinal cord injured patients.

An attempt was made to modify attitudes toward disabled persons and to provide an effective resocialization experience for newly handicapped patients. The attitude modification procedure was based on Lewin's theory of attitude change. Resocialization was defined as an experience which would enhance the patient's social competence and would address social deprivation during hospitalization. Subjects were women college students and men patients from the spinal cord injury (SCI) unit of a Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center. Results showed that the contact-plus-information experience, arranged between the students and patients, produced a significant improvement in attitudes as measured by the Attitude Toward Disabled Person (ATDP) scale. The experience was also found to constitute effective resocialization for the SCI patients. Practical implications regarding increased community involvement in the rehabilitation process are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The "fakeability" of the attitudes toward disabled persons scale: form B.

The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for or against the "fakeability" of the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale: Form B. Form B of the Scale was administered to 25 women, between the ages of 19 and 24, studying at a midwestern university. Seven days later, the subjects retook the test and were instructed to fake their answers so that they would receive a higher score. The difference between the true scores and the fake scores were not found to be significant, and it was concluded that the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale: Form B is not "fakeable."

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Attitudes of college students toward sexual behavior of disabled persons.

Empirical data on attitudes toward sexual behavior of disabled persons were gathered from a written, sentence-completion task in which 110 college students engaged. The task consisted of 36 sentence stubs, 18 of which probed attitudes toward sex. To facilitate expression of attitudes rather than values, respondents were instructed to respond rapidly with the first thoughts that came to mind. Responses were scored as positive or negative. Negative responders took significantly less time to complete the sentences than did positive responders. The X2 comparisons of negative responses to 5 pairs of parallel sentence stubs concerned with aspects of sex in general and the same aspects of sex in disabled women yielded statistically significant differences. Four of those differences showed more disapproval of sex for the disabled than for the able-bodied. The 5th difference indicated greater tolerance of homosexual play among disabled girls. On 9 of the 13 sentence stubs concerned with sex and disability, at least 43% of all participants gave negative responses. Similarly, order analysis disclosed that 9 of 10 aspects of sex viewed most negatively were related to sexual behavior by the disabled. It was concluded that attitudes in the sexual revolution have not as yet embraced the disabled even among college students.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Computerized search of scientific literature on sport for disabled persons.

A computerized search of literature on sport for disabled persons referenced in the MEDLINE (Index Medicus) and the SPORTDiscus (Sport International Resource Center SIRC) databases yielded 253 records published during the past 15 years. An analysis of these records by disability, age, and scientific discipline indicated that (a) publications related to physiology were most frequent (41%), followed by publications related to psychology (29%); (b) 58% of all records had wheelchair users as subjects; and (c) children were exclusive subjects in 10% and females in less than 2% of the records reviewed in this search.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current issues of social-occupational rehabilitation of disabled persons with vestibular dysfunction].

Criteria of professional rehabilitation potential, rehabilitation forecasting of disabled persons were developed based on clinical data and results of the commission of experts. 412 patients with vestibular dysfunction as a result of previous cranio-cerebral trauma, chronic suppurative medium otitis, compromised neurosensory apparatus of an internal ear have been observed. Optimized variants of social-labour rehabilitation of persons with compromised vestibular analyzer were proposed.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of wheelchair accessibility of public buildings pre and post the International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP) in Harare, Zimbabwe: a case study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accessibility to wheelchair users of public buildings built pre and post the International Year of the Disabled Persons (1981) in Harare central business district in Zimbabwe. DESIGN: A case study. SETTING: Harare central business district. SUBJECTS: 20 public buildings with at least two floors open to all users in the central business district of Harare, Zimbabwe. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Wheelchair accessibility of public buildings. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the median percentage compliance of parking areas (p = 0.546), ramps (p = 0.155) and toilets (p = 0.648) between the buildings built before the International Year of the Disabled Persons (IYDP) and those built after the IYDP. The overall median compliance of parking areas, ramps and toilets was 14% (Q1 = 14, Q3 = 21), 54% (Q1 = 43, Q3 = 62) and 45% (Q1 = 31.5, Q3 = 70), respectively. However, there was some evidence (p = 0.067) to suggest that compliance of entrances was better IYDP [median = 100% (Q1 = 90, Q3 = 100)] than pre IYDP [median = 80% (Q1 = 70, Q3 = 100)]. Meanwhile there was a significant difference in the median percentage compliance of elevators (p = 0.014) between pre[median = 90% (Q1 = 80, Q3 = 90)] and post [median = 100% (Q1 = 100, Q3 = 100)] IYDP. CONCLUSION: Overall compliance was poor. It is recommended that people with disabilities and the experts in the area of physical ability management be consulted and involved in the design and construction of these buildings.

Architectural Accessibility↗
PubMed2005

[Medico-social characteristics of disabled persons with diseases of blood system and blood-forming organs].

396 disabled persons from three regions of Ukraine (Vinitsa, Zhitomirsk and Khmelnitsk regions), with compromised blood system and blood-forming organs have been observed. Differences on sex, age, pathology, severity of disability in these regions, course of disabilities were determined. The possible rehabilitation courses depending on pathology, nosological form and clinical prognosis were considered in the article.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of multiple component relaxation training with developmentally disabled persons.

Prior studies evaluating the response of developmentally disabled persons to relaxation training procedures are largely limited to case study reports. Most often relaxation training procedures are vaguely described in these studies, and limited outcome measures are employed. In the present comparative group outcome study a specific progressive muscle relaxation training procedure was combined with auditory electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback, modeling, and reinforcement procedures in an attempt to teach relaxation skills to mentally retarded persons (N = 32) who functioned in the profound to mild range. The procedure was effective in reducing experimental group subjects' EMG levels, F (1,28) = 6.39, p less than .05, and activity level as measured with an interval recording behavior rating procedure, F (1,28) = 58.05, p less than .05. No effect was found on peripheral skin temperature. Additionally, no significant difference between the response of low functioning and high functioning subjects was seen indicating that intellectual level and adaptive behavior level failed to predict success in treatment. Scoring on a simple behavioral assessment designed to measure receptive language skills and modeling abilities thought to relate to relaxation training success also failed to correlate with outcome measures. The need to develop other predictors of relaxation training success with a mentally retarded population is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Quality of the residential environment in board-and-care homes for mentally and developmentally disabled persons.

Data from a multistate survey of board-and-care homes were used to compare the quality of the residential environment in homes for mentally disabled and developmentally disabled persons. Staffing levels, services, quality of the physical structure, rapport between residents and staff, number of residents, staff training, and fire and safety precautions were analyzed. The global quality of the residential environment was found to be appreciably better in homes serving the developmentally disabled. Implications of the findings for public policy are discussed, with specific reference to advocacy strategies used in behalf of developmentally and mentally disabled persons.

Adult↗