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Results for “Physiological parameters”

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PubMed2001

Applicability of growth rate, cell shape, and motility of Euglena gracilis as physiological parameters for bioassessment at lower concentrations of toxic substances: an experimental approach.

The responses of the growth rate, motility, and cell shape in the green flagellate Euglena gracilis to different concentrations of waste water substances from the pulp and paper industry were tested in a long-term study (7 days). Samples before (uncleaned sample) and after (cleaned sample) the treatment in a cleaning system were studied. The influence of different doses of UV-B radiation on cell shape and motility was also investigated. No statistically significant effects of increasing concentrations of the waste substances both before and after the cleaning process (except inhibition by the undiluted uncleaned effluent) on the growth rate in E. gracilis were observed. Cell shape turned out to be an unreliable physiological parameter for assessing the toxicity at lower concentrations of waste water substances. No significant patterns could be observed in the response of the cell shape to the different concentrations of the waste water substances or to UV-B radiation. Motility has been concluded to be a more sensitive parameter than cell shape. However, no clear patterns were observed in the response of the motility to the different concentrations of the waste water substances studied. Increasing concentrations of the uncleaned sample demonstrated a defense against UV-B radiation, due to the high absorbance in the UV-B range, when effects on motility were examined. We conclude that contrary to the results reported in the literature earlier, cell shape and motility of E. gracilis are not universal physiological parameters for bioassessment at lower concentrations of toxic substances, including metals such as copper and zinc from the pulp and paper industry. The long-duration tests had, in general, higher significance than those of short duration.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Alterations in physiological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with exposure to copper and copper/zinc mixtures.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to sublethal concentrations of copper (Cu, 14 microgram/liter) and zinc (Zn, 57 and 81 microgram/liter) for a 21-day period. The four treatments included a control, a Cu control, a Cu and low-Zn treatment and a Cu and high-Zn treatment. Selected parameters [e.g., hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), plasma glucose, lactate and cortisol, differential leukocyte count, respiratory burst, tissue metal concentrations, hepatic metallothionein (MT), brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] were evaluated at 2, 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure. Whole blood and plasma parameters were not altered by exposure to metals. The percentage of lymphocytes was consistently decreased in the three metal treatments, while percentages of neutrophils and monocytes were increased. Respiratory burst activity was elevated in all metal treatments. Gill Zn concentration was highly variable, with no significant alterations occurring. Gill Cu concentration was elevated above control levels in all metal treatments. Gill Cu concentration in the two Cu/Zn treatments was also elevated above levels in the Cu control. Hepatic metal concentrations and MT levels were not altered from control values. Measurements of brain AChE indicated an elevation in this parameter across metal treatments. In general, alterations in physiological parameters appeared to be due to Cu, with Zn having no interactive effect.

Acetylcholinesterase↗

PubMed2005

[Development of a wireless multiple physiological parameters monitoring system].

This paper presents a scheme of a wireless multiple physiological parameters monitoring system, and gives a detail description on the hardware and software realization. This system utilizes wireless communication technology, embedded micro internet working technology and medical service technology in the remote monitoring system.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed1980

The effect of misonidazole on some physiologic parameters in mice.

The physiologic effects of misonidazole (Ro-07-0582) were studied in BALB/cKa mice injected i.p. at 0.5 to 1.5 mg/g b.wt. A 2--4 degree C reduction of body core temperature was observed in unanesthetized mice: the duration and degree of effect were dependent on dose. Normal core temperatures were restored when the serum level of misonidazole had fallen to 0.5 microM (100 micrograms/ml). Misonidazole (1 mg/g) produced a rapid postinjectional drop of heart rate (40%), respiration (45%) and body core (4 degrees C) temperatures which gradually returned to preinjection values 6 to 8 hr later. In addition, misonidazole administration (1 mg/g) enhanced the overall effect on body temperature induced by hexobarbital anesthesia by a factor of approximately 3. These results are discussed in relation to the use of mouse model tumor systems to give an estimate of the magnitude of the cytotoxic effect of misonidazole expected in humans.

Animals↗

PubMed2007

Annual rhythmicity and maturation of physiological parameters in goats.

This study was conducted to investigate seasonal rhythmicity and maturation of physiological parameters in goats. Five kids (Capra hircus, Maltese breed) were studied for 24 months, starting at 5 months of age. Rectal temperature and various blood-borne substances (melatonin, cholesterol, urea, total bilirubin, albumin, glucose, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and sodium) were measured once a month at dawn and dusk. Serum bilirubin concentration exhibited statistically significant 12-month rhythmicity, and melatonin concentration exhibited 6-month rhythmicity. Changes in the dusk-to-dawn difference in rectal temperature during the course of the study provided suggestive evidence that the circadian rhythm of body temperature in goats is not fully developed until the end of the second year of life. The results documented also maturational changes in cholesterol production and blood glucose regulation.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Physiological parameters and biodistribution of 5,10,15,20-tetra (4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin in rats.

Physiological parameters on hepatic and renal functionality and biodistribution, accumulation and elimination, in different organs of the 5,10,15,20-tetra (4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin (TMP) were determined in Wistar rats. The transport of TMP by low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) was also investigated. The photosensitizer is accumulated in the spleen, where its concentration is significantly increased 21 d post-injection; it also accumulates in the liver and in a lower proportion, in the duodenum, and poorly in brain and muscle. The urine and serum biochemical parameters reached normal values both in control and treated groups. The glomerular filtrate rate was not affected by the TMP treatment in any of the studied times. These results would indicate that the sensitizer does not modify the renal glomerular function. TMP is mainly eliminated from the organism via the bile-gut pathway. Considering the total amount of porphyrin bound to both lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) in comparison with the total value of the TMP in serum, it can be inferred that a large amount of the agent is transported by lipoproteins in the plasma. This study proves information about the behavior of TMP in vivo under dark conditions. The results can be used to design photodynamic treatments using this porphyrin model as the sensitizer.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Box-modeling of bone and tooth phosphate oxygen isotope compositions as a function of environmental and physiological parameters.

A time-dependent box model is developed to calculate oxygen isotope compositions of bone phosphate as a function of environmental and physiological parameters. Input and output oxygen fluxes related to body water and bone reservoirs are scaled to the body mass. The oxygen fluxes are evaluated by stoichiometric scaling to the calcium accretion and resorption rates, assuming a pure hydroxylapatite composition for the bone and tooth mineral. The model shows how the diet composition, body mass, ambient relative humidity and temperature may control the oxygen isotope composition of bone phosphate. The model also computes how bones and teeth record short-term variations in relative humidity, air temperature and delta18O of drinking water, depending on body mass. The documented diversity of oxygen isotope fractionation equations for vertebrates is accounted for by our model when for each specimen the physiological and diet parameters are adjusted in the living range of environmental conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Physiological parameters affecting the chemosensory response of Tetrahymena.

We have investigated the significance of a number of physiological parameters in the preparation of cells for experiments on chemokinesis in Tetrahymena. The study comprises (1) growth state of the cells, (2) composition of the starvation medium, (3) concentration of cells during starvation, (4) oxygen saturation of the starvation medium, (5) temperature during starvation, and (6) starvation period. By controlling the physiological state of the cells, we significantly improved the reproducibility of the results obtained in assays for chemokinesis in Tetrahymena. In short, cells optimal for chemokinesis at an assay temperature of 28 degrees C should be starved from the exponential growth phase in a concentration below 2 x 10(5) cells ml-1 for 10-20 h. The surface-to-volume ratio of the starvation medium--water or Hepes buffer--should be about 5 cm-1 (or more) to ensure more than 95% oxygen saturation of the starvation medium. Maximal chemosensory responses were obtained if the cells were starved at 21 degrees C. The chemokinetic potential of the cells decreased significantly, as did the levels of the ratio of ATP to ADP, if cells were starved at higher temperatures. A tentative correlation between the ATP level in the cells and the chemosensory potential of the cells has been found. We suggest that chemokinesis is a constant quality of Tetrahymena, because we found no sign that prolonged starvation or other changes applied to the cells produced an up-regulation of the chemosensory response. Apparently, starvation is obligatory only to remove the growth medium (which is itself a very potent attractant), thereby making the cells sensitive to the chemoattractants.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Relationship between changes in the guard cell abscisic-acid content and other stress-related physiological parameters in intact plants.

The relationships of guard cell ABA content to eight stress-related physiological parameters were determined on intact Vicia faba L. plants that were grown hydroponically with split-root systems. Continuous stress was imposed by the addition of PEG to part of the root system. The water potentials of roots sampled after the addition of PEG were 0.25 MPa lower than the water potentials of other roots of the same plant, which were similar to the roots of untreated plants. The leaflet water potentials of plants sampled within 2 h of stress imposition were similar to those of control plants. However, leaf conductance was lower in plants sampled after only 20 min of stress imposition, and the root- and leaflet apoplastic ABA concentrations of these plants were higher than those of untreated plants. As the essence of this report, there was a linear relationship between guard cell ABA content and leaf conductance. Leaflet apoplastic ABA concentrations <150 nM were also linearly related to leaf conductance, but higher leaflet apoplastic ABA concentration did not cause equally large further declines in leaf conductance. It is suggested that evaporation from guard cell walls caused ABA to accumulate in the guard cell apoplast and this pool was saturated at high leaflet apoplastic ABA concentrations.

Abscisic Acid↗

PubMed2006

Effects of the heavy metals Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ on some physiological parameters of the lichen Usnea amblyoclada.

The effect of Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ on some physiological parameters of the lichen Usnea amblyoclada and the selective uptake of Cu2+ and Pb2+ was assessed. Fresh thalli were soaked in single or mixed metallic solutions. The concentration of chlorophylls and malondialdehyde; the dry weight/fresh weight ratio as well as the water content and the concentration of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were measured in the treated and control thalli. The exposure to Cu, Ni, and Pb solutions caused several changes on the parameters measured; no differences were found with Zn. A stronger ability for binding Pb2+ was also observed. The results suggest that Cu2+ was the most harmful cation followed by Pb and Ni. Consequently, the damage observed in U. amblyoclada thalli when it is used as a biomonitor in polluted areas is possibly due to the presence of these heavy metals, masking the effect of other gaseous pollutants.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed2004

Comparison of different physiological parameter responses in Lemna minor and Scenedesmus obliquus exposed to herbicide flumioxazin.

The sensitivity of different physiological parameters in Scenedesmus obliquus and Lemna minor exposed to herbicide (flumioxazin) was investigated to indicate the most convenient and sensitive parameter. To assess toxicity of flumioxazin, we used a panel of biomarkers: pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidative enzyme activities. Algae and duckweed were exposed to 48-h IC50 for growth rate. In L. minor, the sensitivity of the parameters was as follows: QN > Oxygen emmision > phiS(PSII) > QP > phi(PSII) > CAT, GR > Pigment> APO > Growth. For S. obliquus, this ranking was as follows: CAT > Oxygen emission > QP > APO > GR > Pigment > phiS(PSII) > Growth > phi(PSII) > QN (from the greatest to the least sensitive). The results demonstrated that the observed toxicity is related not only to interspecific variations but also to the selected parameter.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed1994

Technetium-99m-MAG3 renal studies: normal range and reproducibility of physiologic parameters as a function of age and sex.

UNLABELLED: The normal range and reproducibility of common physiologic parameters for 99mTc-MAG3 renal studies were quantitated in normal subjects. METHODS: Six females and six males in each of three age groups, 21-40, 41-60 and 61-80 yr, were each studied twice. Renal clearance (camera based method), percent function in each kidney, time of peak renal parenchymal activity and half time of parenchymal activity following the peak were evaluated. The peak and half times were determined with regions of interest (ROIs) over the entire kidney and over the cortex only. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between sexes for any parameter. The only significant difference among age groups was a decrease in renal clearance, normalized for body surface area, with increasing age (p < 0.01). The percent function in each kidney, time of peak parenchymal activity and half time following the peak were symmetrical and did not vary with age or sex. The peak times were always less with cortical ROIs (p < 0.05). In serial studies in the same subject the percent s.d. for clearance and percent function in each kidney was less than half of the percent s.d. in single studies, suggesting that at least one half of the error is due to intersubject variation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that: (1) renal clearance decreases with age in normal subjects, (2) cortical ROIs are superior to renal ROIs in measuring peak parenchymal activity, and (3) variation in clearance and percent function per kidney in serial studies is approximately one half the variation in single studies.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

An implantable telemetry platform system for in vivo monitoring of physiological parameters.

This paper describes a microcontroller-based multichannel telemetry system, suitable for in vivo monitoring of physiological parameters. The device can digitalize and transmit up to three analog signals coming from different sensors. The telemetry transmission is obtained by using a carrier frequency of 433.92 MHz and an amplitude-shift keying modulation. The signal data rate is 13 kb/s per channel. The digital microcontroller provides good flexibility and interesting performance, such as the threshold monitoring, the transmission error detection, and a low power consumption, thanks to the implementation of a sleep mode. The small overall size (less than 1 cm3), the power density compatible with current regulations for the design of implantable devices, and the dedicated packaging make the system suitable for in vivo monitoring in humans. The design, fabrication, operation, packaging, and performance of the system are described in this paper. An in vivo pressure monitoring case study is described as well.

Electronics, Medical↗

PubMed1975

Changes in plasma electrolytes, acid-base balance and other physiological parameters of adult female turkeys under conditions of acute hyperthermia.

The effects of acute hyperthermia on certain physiological parameters of turkey hens was studied. It was found that the response of the turkey to hyperthermia is similar to the reported response of the chicken. The birds began panting and the average body temperature increased 0.1 degrees C. as the ambient temperature reached 32 degrees C. The panting or polypnea induced a profound respiratory alkalosis in the turkeys. The acute hyperthermia also caused a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in plasma levels of sodium, total calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus. The plasma level of potassium was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed2002

Recovery cardiac cost following short duration high intensity exercise in prepubertal, just pubertal, and postpubertal girls and its relationship with physical and physiological parameters.

Recovery cardiac cost (RCC) after short duration high intensity exercise and its relationship with physical and physiological parameters were assessed for 45 sedentary girls aged 10-25. RCC of postpubertal girls were significantly lower than those of prepubertal and just pubertal girls, when expressed in terms of cost in beats above rest. No significant differences were found among the three groups regarding RCC values in terms of % cost above rest. Age and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with RCC both in terms of cost in beats above rest % cost above rest only in postpubertal group. Pre-exercise heart rate in post-pubertal group was negatively correlated with RCC only in terms of % cost above rest. No positive or negative correlation was found between RCC and other parameters under study, in prepubertal and just pubertal groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Measurement of flow-physiologic parameters of retinal blood circulation in type 1 and 2 diabetics before and after photocoagulation.

In seven diabetics of type 1 and seven of type 2, the flow physiologic magnitudes were measured in a retinal quadrant before and after photocoagulation. The segmental blood flow, the arterial flow velocity, and the diameters of artery and vein are smaller after photocoagulation than before. Investigations into the time course of the flow-physiologic parameters following photocoagulation show that the flow-physiologic values are stationary about 2 weeks after photocoagulation.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of minimal physical activity on some physiological parameters at rest in human subjects.

Minimal physical activity was used as a preliminary procedure before measuring some physiological parameters at rest. Minimal activity preceding the analyzed rest period causes a decrease in the mean heart rate (by 5.4%), respiratory rate (by 3.5%), O2 uptake (by 2.5%) and respiratory quotient in parallel determinations in the same individuals reducing particularly the standard deviations of mean values. These changes are similar to those found after prolonged training.

Carbon Dioxide↗

PubMed1988

A tissue heat transfer model for relating dynamic skin temperature changes to physiological parameters.

A physical and mathematical model of the superficial tissues of the body is presented which takes into account tissue physiology, structure and blood supply. The model relates transient temperature changes at the skin surface to underlying physiological parameters. The analysis is based on a one-dimensional finite difference version of the bioheat equation applied to a multi-layered model of the superficial 10 mm of body tissue. Application of the model to the volar forearm predicts that under steady-state conditions skin surface temperature is maintained primarily by heat transfer from tissues below 10 mm, to a lesser extent by perfusion and to a small extent by superficial tissue metabolism. Model predictions of the reheat curve following a 15 s cold challenge to the skin agree closely with preliminary experimental data provided by thermography. The model also provides a physical explanation for the shape of the skin temperature reheat curve. Calculations further suggest that transient skin surface temperature measurements can provide a better indication of dermal perfusion than static temperature measurements as the effects of variations in environmental conditions, deep tissue temperature and tissue metabolism can be reduced.

Hot Temperature↗