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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Selective interest and psychological practice: a new interpretation of the Burt affair.

Anomalies in Burt's twin data have precipitated a prolonged and inconclusive controversy between those who accuse him of fabrication and those who defend his integrity. Here it is suggested that the argument arose in part because differing personal, and especially political, interests predisposed psychologists to diverse interpretations of the evidence. 'Selective interest' (James, 1890) leads to a concentration of attention on partial data. The participants in the controversy readily detected this fault in their opponents, but rarely in themselves. It is then suggested that this same factor accounts for the deficiencies in Burt's kinship data. His research was especially vulnerable to 'selective interest', and the numerical anomalies in his reports are consistent with this interpretation. It is questioned whether scientific techniques can ever wholly replace personal judgment, with its potential for selective bias.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

[Sex counseling in clinico-psychologic practice].

The Hamburg sexual counseling unit has been working since 1979 as a model project of the Federal Ministry of Youth, Family and Health. The therapeutic work done by the unit is based on the concept originally worked out by Master and Johnson, which was modified at the Department of Sex Research at Hamburg University in such a manner that it is both helpful and feasible as a treatment pattern for patients coming from all social classes. Basing on sexual symptoms, a problem definition is worked out which aims at underlining the subjective importance for the patient of the symptom concerned. The important factor is the ratio of stabilizing and destabilizing elements of a disturbance, in other words, the question as to the function of the sexual disturbance in the psychic or partnership balance either in the sense of rejecting desires for change or of reinforcing the "healthy" components of the symptom in the sense of prompting a motivation for change. In this regard, therapy is considered as one of many possibilities of effecting a change. Particularly successful has been the employment of couple therapy and group therapy for couples and for women.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Young, scarred children and their mothers--a short-term investigation into the practical, psychological and social implications of thermal injury to the preschool child. Part III: Factors influencing outcome responses.

The thermal injury, personal and social factors affecting the short-term outcome responses of thermally injured children under 5 years of age and their mothers are reported. Statistical analysis of factors influencing the mother and child outcome responses uses data from serial interviews with mothers of 57 thermally injured children which took place whilst the child was in hospital, and at home, at 1 week, 2 months and 6 months following hospital discharge. A relationship was found between the child's behaviour and the mother's outcome response at 6 months. Essentially, for the mother, the qualitative outcome response of the Maternal Thermal Injury Response Pattern was associated with the severity of the child's thermal injury and the quantitative General Health Questionnaire scores were associated with a previous tendency to depression and increased stress on the mother existing prior to the accident. For the child, no thermal injury factor appeared to affect behavioural outcome. The child was disturbed behaviour following a thermal injury, however, was more likely to have a mother with a history of depression, and added stress (lower socioeconomic status, and additional worries) and have a mother who was blamed for the accident. Thus, mothers whose child has a more severe thermal injury will take longer to come to terms with it ('rationalize' the thermal injury) and those mothers who were most stressed prior to the accident and who had a previous tendency to depression, will have more psychiatric morbidity (a higher GHQ score) as a result. Both these groups will require particular support.

Burns↗
PubMed2004

A model for school psychology practice: addressing the needs of students with emotional and behavioral challenges through the use of an in-school support room and reality therapy.

This article describes a treatment approach for students with emotional and behavioral challenges. The approach involves conducting reality therapy in an in-school support room. Data from this pilot study indicate that the treatment assists in developing more effective choices and in turn promotes cognitive and behavioral change in most students, while reducing the number of disciplinary actions for these students.

Adolescent↗