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PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning clinic services in the United States, 1994.

In 1994, almost 6.6 million women received contraceptive services from more than 7,000 subsidized family planning clinics; these providers were located in 85% of U.S. counties. Health department clinics and Planned Parenthood sites served the largest proportions of these women (32% and 30%, respectively), followed by hospital outpatient sites (16%), independent clinics (13%) and community or migrant health centers (9%). The mix of agency types varied considerably by region and state, and the average annual number of contraceptive clients served per clinic also varied from fewer than 500 at community and migrant health centers to more than 2,000 at Planned Parenthood clinics. Nearly two-thirds of all women served (4.2 million) obtained care at one of the 4,200 clinics receiving funds from the federal Title X family planning program. Health department sites were the most likely to receive Title X funding (78%), followed by independent clinics and Planned Parenthood sites (66% each), hospital clinics (28%) and community and migrant health centers (18%). Overall, clinics receiving Title X funds serve an average of 25% more contraceptive clients than do clinics not receiving such funds.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes for merit goods: third world family planning.

"This article examines the arguments for and against user fees, privatisation, and decentralisation of health care and family planning delivery systems and compares the effectiveness of fee-for-service delivery by decentralised systems with that of centralised systems with services provided free of charge. Developing countries have achieved remarkable reductions in fertility rates in the past 25 years, but continuing gains depend largely upon increasing the capacity of family planning and health care delivery systems in rural areas."

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

PVO / NGO initiatives, Asia. Karmajibi Kallyan (KKS), Bangladesh and Save the Children Fund Australia (SCFA).

Karmajibi Kallyan (KKS) and Save the Children Fund Australia (SCFA) are implementing a program that integrates HIV/AIDS prevention and income generation activities aimed at the pre-adolescent girl servants of commercial sex workers in the Rajbari district of Bangladesh. The initial objectives of the program were to identify and establish alternative income generating activities for 150 girl servants; provide literacy education to these girls based on such topics as primary health care (HIV/AIDS prevention), credit, and small business management; and promote HIV/AIDS awareness in the wider community. Since implementation, the program has adjusted its objectives in order to meet the needs of the community. Many of the girls are much younger than the project originally planned for--most are only 7 or 8 years old--therefore, KKS and SCFA have begun identifying income generation possibilities for their mothers and encouraging the girls to focus on their education. They are also hoping to expand their literacy programs to other children in the community. For more information, please contact HIDNA (HIV/AIDS and International Development Network of Australia), ACFOA, Private Bag 3, Deakin ACT 2600, Australia; tel: +61 6 285 1816; fax: +61 6 285 1720; e-mail: acfoa@peg.apc.org. (ECHIDNA, Bulletin No. 5, September 1995)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

United States and Denmark: different approaches to health care and family planning.

The findings of this study suggest that, compared to the United States, Danish health care policies and family planning services delivery systems are, in the aggregate, more conducive to the promotion of effective contraceptive practice, more instrumental in conveying information to high-risk groups, and more successful in reducing the incidence of unintended pregnancies and induced abortions. One of the major reasons for this difference may stem from the positive and nonambivalent climate of public opinion about sexuality in Denmark and the manner in which health care and family planning services are delivered to all segments of the population regardless of age, income, or location of residence. Research in reproductive behavior is greatly facilitated by the existence of automated population registers.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning clinic services in U.S. counties, 1983.

Organized family planning clinics are a major source of contraceptive services for low-income women, who are less likely than higher income women to be using a contraceptive method. A 1983 study estimated that 9.5 million U.S. women with family incomes below 150 percent of poverty were at risk of unintended pregnancy, and identified a network of 5,106 clinics providing them with services. Seventy-six percent of all counties in the United States have organized clinics that offer family planning services; almost all of those without services are nonmetropolitan counties. An estimated 52 percent of low-income women at risk of unintended pregnancy were served by organized family planning clinics in 1983, while the rest either went unserved or sought care elsewhere. Ten percent of low-income women not served by clinics live in counties that have no family planning clinics, but 67 percent live in counties where existing clinics reach fewer than half of potential low-income patients. More sites may be needed, particularly in counties without clinics, to effectively serve low-income women at risk of unintended pregnancy. However, since the majority of unserved women live in counties where at least one clinic exists, coverage might be improved through increased accessibility and outreach.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning clinic services in the United States, 1983.

Almost five million women were enrolled in family planning clinics in the United States in 1983, eight percent more than in 1981. The number of family planning provider agencies declined slightly, from 2,504 to 2,462, but the number of clinic sites that could be identified increased slightly, from 5,124 to 5,174. Family planning clinics operate in three-quarters of U.S. counties; in 1975, the last time county coverage was checked, four-fifths of the counties had clinics. About one in 20 women who are exposed to the risk of unintended pregnancy and live in unserved counties are teenagers or low-income women. Nonmetropolitan counties are more likely to be without clinics than are metropolitan counties. Overall, there are 417,000 low-income women and 249,000 teenagers at risk of unintended pregnancy living in counties where there are no family planning clinics. In 1983, health departments constituted six in 10 of all family planning agencies and served two-fifths of all family planning clinic patients; Planned Parenthood affiliates accounted for fewer than one in 10 agencies and served more than one-quarter of all patients. Hospitals and all other agencies served about one-third of the total 1983 caseload. These patterns were similar to those reported for 1981. Family planning clinics continue to serve primarily low-income women: Four-fifths of the nearly five million clinic patients in 1983 had family incomes below 150 percent of the federally defined poverty level. About 1.6 million women aged 19 and younger were served, representing one-third of all clinic patients in 1983.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗