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Results for “Propensity Score”

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43 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1978

Personality and sexual behavior of the adolescent smoker.

The adolescent smoker (aged 14 to 17 years) shows little difference from the non-smoker in terms of scores on the Cattell 16 personality factor inventory. In particular, there is no evidence of tension, extroversion, or reversal of sexually-biased personality characteristics. The sexual promiscuity of the adolescent smoker is probably related more to liberal attitudes and a propensity for risk-taking behavior than to uncertainty regarding sexuality. In this age group the decision to start smoking regularly may depend more on the influence of parents and friends than on an inherent personality structure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Evaluating a Genome-Wide Polygenic Score for Handgrip Strength and Its Interplay with Leisure-Time Physical Activity Across the IGEMS Twin Cohorts.

PURPOSE: Polygenic scores (PGSs) may help assess genetic predisposition to multifactorial traits. We examined whether age, sex, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) modify the association between a PGS for handgrip strength (HGS) and measured HGS in older adults. METHODS: PGS for HGS (PGS hgs) , based on Pan-UK Biobank genome-wide association study data, was calculated for 5103 participants (aged 40-96; 44% women) from eight twin cohorts in Denmark, Sweden, Australia, the United States, and Finland within the IGEMS consortium. Sex-standardized HGS and self-reported LTPA were assessed cross-sectionally. Linear mixed models estimated associations between PGS hgs and HGS, including interactions with age, country, and LTPA, as well as an association between PGS hgs and LTPA. Fixed-effect within-pair models were conducted to assess environmental contributions. RESULTS: Higher PGS hgs was associated with greater HGS (β = 2.14, SE = 0.15, P < 0.001), explaining 4.6% of HGS variance overall, with modest variation across countries. In sex-stratified models, PGS hgs explained 5.2% of the variance in females and 4.3% in males. No statistically significant interaction with age was found. A significant PGS hgs × LTPA interaction (β = -0.034, P = 0.013) indicated that the association between LTPA and HGS was more pronounced among individuals with lower PGS hgs . The within-pair models offered limited support for the independent environmental impact of LTPA. CONCLUSIONS: The PGS hgs was associated with measured HGS in the meta-analysis, highlighting the potential of PGSs to capture individual differences in strength-related traits across populations. The association of PGS hgs with HGS was moderated by LTPA, such that the beneficial impact of LTPA on HGS was greater among individuals with a lower genetic propensity for HGS.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Rorschach human movement responses of acting-out and withdrawn adolescents.

Rorschach human movement responses of 20 male and 20 female acting-out and withdrawn adolescents were scored according to flexor/extensor/blocked categories. Comparison of the two groups showed: (a) All subjects produced more extensor M than the other two M categories, (b) Acting-out adolescents produced more extensor M than the withdrawn subjects, (c) The two groups did not differ in number of flexor or blocked M. Extensor M seems to tap a propensity for acting-out, while flexor and blocked M do not differentiate the two groups of children.

Acting Out↗

PubMed1977

MacAndrew MMPI alcoholism scale: alcoholism and drug addictiveness.

MMPI Form R answer sheets of 222 successive black and white male inpatients referred for psychological testing in a VA general medical and surgical hospital were scored on the MacAndrew Alcoholism and the Cavior Heroin Addiction Scales. The MacAndrew Scale with 74% accuracy provided a practical screening device for identifying alcoholics. It did not significantly differentiate patients with a history of drug abuse from patients with a history of alcoholism. The Cavior He Scale was not so valid a screening device for identifying drug addicted patients in our total population. Each scale in a special way seems to be measuring a "general addictive propensity."

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1978

The noninvasive diagnosis of thrombophlebitis in the lower extremities: clinical value of plethysmography combined with augmentation methods and a new scoring system.

Venous impedance plethysmography and respiratory-compression Doppler augmentation responses have proved to be diagnostically valuable in suspected thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities. These noninvasive methods can provide quantitative and reproducible data on the basis of which the presence of increased deep venous resistance can be confirmed, suspected, or doubted. A new scoring system for the composite evaluation of data from 100 consecutive patients with possible thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism, or both, is presented. These procedures assume added importance in view of the diagnostic limitations, and even potential hazards, of other methods. These methods indluce lung scanning, radioactive fibrinogen scanning, venography, and pulmonary angiography. Serial studies can be performed with impunity for following highrisk patients and evaluating various therapeutic or prophylactic measures. The importance of monitoring the femoral-popliteal segment is emphasized, because of the greater propensity for massive pulmonary thromboembolism from thrombi in these veins than in the calf vessels. Clinical observations coupled with these studies underscore the fallacy of several widely-held diagnostic biases pertaining to deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. The long-term followup of 12 patients in whom inferior vena cava unbrellas has been inserted for life-threatening pulmonary embolism is presented. The possible propensity to deep vein thrombosis from vitamin E therapy is raised.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

EscaPRRS-ORF5: a structure-aware evolutionary framework for prioritizing immune escape-prone variants in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

MOTIVATION: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is a rapidly evolving RNA virus causing significant economic losses, posing a formidable challenge to vaccine efficacy due to its high mutational variability and immune escape. As the viral mutants evolve, their ability to sustain in population is driven by a range of host biology factors such as receptor binding, fusion, and uncoating. Existing tools that predict viral fitness and escape propensities rely heavily on extensive, up-to-date sequence data and lack integration of biochemical host interactions, limiting mechanistic understanding of the mutational landscape. We introduce Esca, a sequence-only toolchain framework that identifies immune escape-prone residues by exhaustively scanning each residue position for all amino acid substitutions using a Bayesian Variational Autoencoder (VAE) trained on protein language model embeddings. We demonstrate Esca on the GP5(ORF5) glycoprotein of PRRSV (EscaPRRS-ORF5) by training on ESM-2 embeddings of 32 146 GP5 sequences (2015-2022) spanning 140 sub-lineages. RESULTS: Despite being trained only on GP5 sequence data, EscaPRRS-ORF5 recovered 85.7% of the surface-exposed receptor binding interfaces as escape-prone regions. We use a mutation-sensitive fitness scoring scheme that goes beyond Hamming distances, to predict antibody escape tendencies, supporting surveillance of (re) emerging PRRSV variants. We do not claim that ORF5 alone captures PRRSV evolution or serves as a surveillance endpoint; rather, Esca offers a scalable path toward whole-genome, structure-aware surveillance. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: EscaPRRS-ORF5 is freely available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32661033 with an interactive Colab notebook at https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1TEgzAhPwvNAZ01VXeJbIFibfri2jnDA5? usp=sharing.

Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome viru↗

PubMed1992

Detrimental effect of alcohol intoxication on severity of injuries in male traffic accident victims: a cross-sectional study.

A cross-sectional emergency room study was performed among traffic accident victims aged 16 to 75 years in order to investigate the prevalence of alcohol intoxication (blood alcohol concentration (BAC greater than or equal to 0.8 g/kg) and its potential detrimental effect on injury severity. A BAC greater than or equal to 0.8 g/kg was present in 29% of the male patients. Intoxicated patients had a similar propensity to require inpatient hospital care (65 versus 60%) but had significantly longer hospital stays than the non-intoxicated patients (36 versus 20 days; p less than 0.05), observations which may be explained by the higher prevalence of serious injuries (head and internal injuries) among the intoxicated cohort. This study supports and emphasizes the detrimental effect of alcohol intoxication on the severity of injuries in traffic accident victims, and reinforces the need for further legal and public health measures in preventing alcohol-related traffic accidents.

Accidents, Traffic↗