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PubMed1993

Sarcomatoid neoplasms of the respiratory tract.

Sarcomatoid carcinomas (SCAs) of the respiratory tract are uncommon neoplasms of adults, most of whom are men in late middle-age who have a long history of tobacco usage. These tumors may be observed in the paranasal sinuses, nose, naso-oropharynx, larynx, trachea, central bronchi, or peripheral lung parenchyma. They may assume a polypoid configuration, with projection into luminal spaces, or show an infiltrative growth pattern like that of typical high-grade carcinoma. Histologically, both biphasic and monophasic variants of SCAs are recognized. The former include tumors with foci of overt carcinoma admixed with areas of divergent differentiation into "committed" mesenchymal tissues, such lesions have usually been termed "carcinosarcomas" in the past. On the other hand, monophasic SCAs lack obviously epithelial foci on light microscopy. Ultrastructural and immunohistological studies support the notion that SCA represents a continuum that embraces carcinosarcomas and spindle-cell carcinomas, all of which are basically epithelial neoplasms. Tumor behavior is site-dependent; SCAs of the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and lungs usually pursue an aggressive course, whereas histologically similar lesions in the larynx are usually found at an earlier stage and, therefore, are associated with a better prognosis.

Carcinosarcoma↗
PubMed1975

Transplacental effects of diethylnitrosamine in Syrian hamsters as related to different days of administration during pregnancy.

Female Syrian hamsters were given a single sc dose of 45 mg diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/kg body weight on 1 of the 15 days of pregnancy. In the offspring of females treated on 1 of the first 11 days of pregnancy, no respiratory tract tumors were found. The offspring of mothers given DEN on 1 of the last 4 days (12-15) of pregnancy developed respiratory tract neoplasms at a rate of up to 95%. A lower incidence of tumors in other organs seemed independent of the day of DEN treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Refined and whole grain cereals and the risk of oral, oesophageal and laryngeal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible differential role of refined and whole grain cereals on the risk of upper digestive and respiratory tract neoplasms. DESIGN: Hospital-based case-control study. SETTING: University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland. SUBJECTS: A total of 156 incident cases of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, 101 of the oesophagus, 40 of the larynx, and 349 control subjects admitted for a wide spectrum of acute non-neoplastic conditions. INTERVENTION: Trained interviewers collected information using a structured and validated questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) of various cancers for a tertile increment of intake of refined and whole grains were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Refined grains were directly related to the risk of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx (OR=1.9 for the highest tertile), oesophagus (OR=3.7) and larynx (OR=4.0). In contrast, whole grain cereals were protective, with OR of 0.6 for oral cavity and pharynx, 0.3 for oesophagus, and 0.7 for larynx. For the three sites combined, the OR for the highest tertile was 5.7 for refined grains and 0.5 for wholegrains. The trends in risk for refined grains were significant for all sites and their combination, and for wholegrain for oesophageal cancer and all sites. CONCLUSIONS: Even if inference on causality and the biological interpretation remain open to discussion, the present data indicate and further quantify that refined cereals are an unfavourable, but whole grain ones a favourable indicator of the risk of upper aerodigestive and respiratory tract neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early lung cancer detection and localization.

The Mayo Lung Project was established to develop and evaluate a screening program for early lung cancer in high-risk subjects. Men who are more than 45 years of age and who smoke one package of cigarettes or more daily are screened by the use of thoracic roentgenograms, three-day pooled sputum cytology, and lung health questionnaires at four-month intervals. These data are compared with data from similar subjects screened only on entry into the project. During the past three years, 34 patients who had no roentgenoraphic evidence of lung cancer were identified and examined because of carcinoma cells in sputum. Of these 34 patients, 27 have had bronchoscopic localization of their tumors and definitive treatment and 3 had upper respiratory tract neoplasms and also have been treated. Of the remaining four, one patient died suddenly after myocardial infarction and three patients have not had localization or treatment because of other severe complicating medical problems. Localization of roentgenographically occult lung cancer is reliable by the use of bronchofiberoscopy and meticulous, thorough sampling from the tracheobronchial tree. A search must be made for upper airway cancers in the same high-risk population, and the possibility of second primary bronchogenic tumors also must be considered. Although follow-up is short, 22 of the 27 treated lung cancer patients were found with stage I disease. The outlook for 19 of these 27 is encouraging an average of 16 months after surgical resection.

Aged↗
PubMed1955

Increased mortality from cancer of the respiratory system.

The author reviews statistics of mortality from cancer of the respiratory system over the years 1949-52 in sixteen countries, first considering the general trend and then analysing the figures country by country. It is noted that the levels of recorded mortality from malignant tumours of the respiratory system differ considerably between countries, and that the death-rate from these causes has considerably risen, mainly in males, in all those countries in the course of the four years under study. The rise in recorded mortality in men has mainly been due to an increased number of tumours of the trachea, bronchus, and lungs. But the situation regarding mortality from these causes in women is not so clearly apparent. How much of the recorded increase is attributable to improved diagnosis and case-finding it is not yet possible to say.It is clear that cancer of the lung is becoming an important medical problem to which close attention must be paid.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Anthropometric measures and risk of cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tract.

Data from a case-control study on the upper digestive and respiratory tract cancers were analyzed to investigate the relationship with anthropometric measures. The data set included 538 oropharyngeal, 410 esophageal, and 388 laryngeal cancer cases and 2,102 controls in hospital for acute nonneoplastic diseases, unrelated to tobacco or alcohol use, recruited in the same catchment areas as the cases. Lower body weight appeared to be an indicator of oropharyngeal and esophageal cancer and, more moderately, of laryngeal cancer. The multivariate odds ratio (OR) for oropharyngeal cancer was 5.0 for subjects in the lowest compared with the highest quartile of weight. The corresponding ORs were 6.2 for esophageal and 2.2 for laryngeal cancer. When quartiles of body mass index (BMI) were considered, the ORs in the lowest quartile were 4.0 for oropharyngeal, 6.3 for esophageal, and 2.4 for laryngeal cancer. Subjects in the lowest quartile of height had ORs of 2.0 for oropharyngeal, 1.6 for esophageal, and 1.4 for laryngeal cancer. When all the upper digestive and respiratory tract neoplasms were considered together, the OR for subjects with lower BMI who were also current smokers compared with never-smokers with higher BMI was 11.4. The OR was 5.0 for those consuming six or more drinks/day and with low BMI. Although the nature of the association needs to be clarified, these data suggest that leanness may be involved in the process of upper digestive and respiratory tract carcinogenesis.

Adult↗