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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Accuracy of temperature measurement in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit.

Oxygenator arterial outlet blood temperature is routinely measured in the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit as a surrogate for the temperature of the arterial blood delivered to sensitive organs such as the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the temperature thermistors used in the Terumo Capiox SX25 oxygenator and to compare the temperature measured at the outlet of the oxygenator using the Capiox CX*TL Luer Thermistor with temperatures measured at distal sites. Five experimental stages were performed in vitro to achieve this aim. Under our experimental conditions, the luer thermistors accurately measured the temperature as referenced by a precision thermometer. In the CPB circuit, the difference between arterial outlet and reference thermometer temperature varied with outlet temperature over-reading at low temperatures and under reading at high temperatures. There was negligible heat loss (-0.4+/-0.1degrees C) measured at 4.5 m from the arterial outlet. The Terumo Capiox CX*TL Luer Thermistor is an accurate and reliable instrument for measuring temperature when incorporated into the Capiox Oxygenator. The accuracy in the measurement of temperature using these thermistors is affected by the thermistor immersion depth. Under reading of the arterial blood temperature by approximately 0.5 degrees C should be considered at normothermic temperatures, to avoid exceeding the maximum arterial blood temperature as described by institutional protocols. The accuracy of blood temperature measurements should be considered for all oxygenator arterial outlet temperature probes.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed2026

Whole metagenome sequencing: not deep enough for complete microbial function recovery.

BACKGROUND: Whole metagenome shotgun sequencing (WMS) is widely used to profile microbial function. However, technical variability in sequencing and analysis often obscures true biological patterns. Large-scale studies are particularly susceptible to batch effects, such as differences in sequencing depth and platform and annotation strategies, as well as sample-to-flow-cell assignments. However, the relative effects of these factors on functional inference in such studies have yet to be systematically evaluated. We analyzed oral-rinse WMS data from 671 Nigerian youths aged 9-18, sequenced on two Illumina platforms. Microbial molecular functionality encoded in these data was annotated using the mi-faser/Fusion pipeline, to capture the broad functional repertoire, and HUMAnN 3/EC numbers pipeline to characterize curated enzymatic activities. We then quantified how technical factors and batch effects shaped the recovery of microbial functionality. RESULTS: Three findings of our work were most salient. First, we observed that the choice of annotation strategy traded off between breadth and specificity of functional coverage. Second, we found that low-prevalence functions were disproportionately lost at shallow sequencing depths, indicating that in, e.g., case-control studies with few representatives of the minor class, sequencing depth could critically impact study resolution. Finally, using our newly developed model relating sequencing depth to functional recovery, we demonstrated that increasing sequencing depth does not directly or proportionally improve functional recall. That is, at as little as 10% of this study's sequencing depth, 30% of the estimated complete microbiome functional repertoire was detectable. However, even at the full depth used in this study, we were only able to recover an estimated 60% of that complete functional repertoire. We further showed that despite biomes differences in functional diversity and host contamination levels (e.g., soil, fecal), incomplete functional recovery at commonly used sequencing depths was consistently observed. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these findings and our depth-to-function mapping framework provide practical guidelines for the design and interpretation of WMS studies. Coordinating sequencing depth planning with annotation strategy, experimental design, and rigorous batch control is thus essential for robust detection of microbial functions and for ensuring reproducible microbiome insights. Video Abstract.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

The effect of different types of smoking habits on periodontal attachment.

The association between different types of smoking (cigarette, Shesha and Argela) and periodontal attachment loss was investigated in the Riyadh area. The study group included 150 subject 20-60 years of age. Of this, 27.5% were cigarette smokers, 20.3% were Shesha smokers, 20.3% were Argela smokers, and 32% were non-smokers (females 24.2%: 74% males). The study was based on clinical examination, periodontal parameters recorded by one examiner (AS) and included measurement of pocket depth (PD 1) followed by measurement of recession from the CEJ to gingival margin (GR 2). Attachment loss (AL) was calculated by adding recession or by subtracting gingival overgrowth to measurements of probing depth. The readings were taken from buccal and lingual surfaces of all teeth except third molars. The influence of age, sex and different types of smoking consumption on these periodontal parameters was statistically evaluated using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The effect of smoking on periodontitis showed no association with sex, but it was associated with age. By performing both univariate and multivariate tests. P-value for smoking and periodontitis were GR (p = 0.0001), PD (p = 0.0001), and AL (p = 0.0001). The result showed that there is increased loss of attachment in smokers than non-smokers. However, when comparing Shesha smokers to cigarette smokers it was found that Shesha smokers had a greater attachment loss (p = 0.0001), recession (p= 0.0001) and deeper pocket depth (p = 0.001) than cigarette and Argela smokers. These findings suggest that all types of tobacco consumption increase periodontal disease severity and Shesha smoking had a greater effect than cigarette and Argela smoking on disease severity. This study confirms that tobacco is an important risk factor for periodontal disease. Since Shesha smoking is widely used among Saudi subjects of both sexes, additional studies should be conducted to study the effect of Shesha smoking on the periodontium.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

UMI-nea: a fast, robust tool for reference-free UMI deduplication and accurate quantification.

MOTIVATION: One of the key applications of Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMIs) in high-throughput sequencing is to correct for PCR amplification bias and removal of PCR duplicates, thereby improving quantification in DNA-seq and RNA-seq applications. Accurately grouping error-bearing UMIs that originate from the same input molecule through a UMI deduplication method is a critical step in this process. However, many existing UMI deduplication tools rely on simple Hamming distance comparisons or suboptimal clustering algorithms, often resulting in erroneous UMI groupings, particularly in error-prone long-read sequencing or ultra-high-depth short-read sequencing. RESULTS: We introduce UMI-nea, a tool that utilizes Levenshtein distance comparisons and a novel clustering approach to optimize multithreading workflows. Compared against three other indel-aware UMI deduplication tools, UMI-nea achieves more accurate UMI groupings with efficient run time. It demonstrates robust performance across diverse sequencing platforms, depths, and UMI lengths. Additionally, UMI-nea incorporates a data-guided adaptive UMI filter, further enhancing quantification accuracy. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: UMI-nea is available on github https://github.com/Qiaseq-research/UMI-nea.git or Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16745758. Sequencing data are stored at https://qiagenpublic.blob.core.windows.net/umi-nea-datasets/.

High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing↗
PubMed2000

Subjective pain experience of people with chronic back pain.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Studies into the effect of pain experience on those who have it have largely focused on the views and interpretations of researchers gained by the use of assessment tools aimed at measuring pain. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe pain, as experienced by those with chronic back pain, and to document 'insider' accounts of how pain is perceived and understood by those who have it. METHOD: Unstructured interviews using the framework approach. Subjects were sampled for age, sex, ethnicity and occupation, from new referrals with back pain to a rheumatology outpatient clinic. Eleven subjects (5 M; 6 F) agreed to be interviewed. Interviews were unstructured, but followed a topic guide. Subjects were interviewed in English (nine) or their preferred language (two). Tape-recordings of interviews were transcribed verbatim and read in depth twice to identify the topics or concepts. Data were extracted in the form of words and phrases by use of thematic content analysis. The themes were pain description and amount of pain. An independent researcher reviewed the data and confirmed or contended the analysis. RESULTS: All subjects, except one, provided descriptors of the quality of their pain. The use of simile was common to emphasize both what the pain was, and what it was not. Five subjects expressed a loss of words in trying to describe their pain. Only 13 of 29 different pain descriptors used were commensurate with those in the McGill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1983). Subjects had great difficulty quantifying their pain intensity. Several explained how the pain fluctuated, thus, quantifying pain at one point in time was problematic. Only one subject offered a numerical description of pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects provided graphic and in-depth descriptions of their pain experience, but these bore little resemblance to commonly used assessment tools. The findings challenge the appropriateness of such formal instruments.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

Load dependency and reliability of microhardness measurements on acid-etched enamel surfaces.

The load dependency of hardness measurements was investigated on sound and demineralized enamel samples. For all samples investigated, the Knoop hardness number (KHN) varied as a function of the applied load. Higher loads enhanced indenter penetration into the test surface. The variation in KHN values observed in demineralized enamel, both surface-softened and surface-etched, was explained by a decrease in porosity as a function of depth. The reading error for indentations made on surface enamel etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel for 30 s was found to be slightly elevated compared to indentations made on a polished sound enamel surface. It was concluded that the surface microhardness technique can be used for the longitudinal investigation of etched surface enamel.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2001

Immobilization in stereotactic radiotherapy: the head and neck localizer frame.

Stereotactic radiotherapy refers to multiple daily fractions of radiation, over days or weeks of treatment, with the patient in a relocatable stereotactic frame. The linear accelerator-based, couch-mounted system from Radionics utilizes the Gill-Thomas-Cosman (GTC) frame and the new Tarbell-Loeffler-Cosman (TLC) pediatric frame for accurate positioning reproducibility. Radionics has now made available the Head and Neck Localizer (HNL) frame to be used with its XPlan treatment planning system and the mini multileaf collimator (MMLC). This will extend the overall capability of stereotactic radiotherapy to the treatment of head and neck cancers. However, with no data available on the HNL frame, a study is being undertaken to assess the accuracy in patient position reproducibility using the frame. This report provides the preliminary findings of comparing depth-helmet readings with radiographic data, together with recommended modifications to the frame.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

Methodology and recruitment of probands and their families for the Genes in Myopia (GEM) Study.

PURPOSE: Myopia is considered to be a complex disease involving both environmental and genetic factors. The Genes in Myopia (GEM) Study aims to recruit probands with myopia and their family members to allow genetic analysis of myopia to be undertaken. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methodology and recruitment of probands and families for the GEM Study. METHODS: In a sample-based prospective study, 2,095 probands with myopia of -0.50 DS or worse and a positive family history of myopia were contacted via the Melbourne Excimer Laser Group (MELG) database. Probands and family members recruited into the study undertook a detailed assessment including questionnaire, best-corrected visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, axial length, anterior chamber depth, keratometry readings, slit-lamp examination, height, weight and head circumference measurements, and blood sample collection for DNA analysis. RESULTS: 280 probands with myopia have been recruited into the GEM Study. Probands had a mean age of 49.33 yrs. (SD +/- 11.64) with the average age of myopia onset being 12.58 years (SD +/- 6.71). The average spherical-component refractive error was: right eye -5.13 DS (SD +/- 3.06) and left eye -5.14 DS (SD +/- 3.16). Probands with extreme myopia (-10 DS or worse) showed the highest study participation rate of 56%, when compared to high (-5 DS < -10 DS) (20%), moderate (-3 DS < - 5 DS) (18%) and low myopia (-0.5 DS < -3 DS) (10%). A total of 279 out of 505 (55%) additional family members recruited were also found to be myopic. CONCLUSIONS: The GEM study has used a targeted approach to identify an Australian cohort with a diverse spread of myopia, ranging from low to extreme. Recruitment of probands via the use of an excimer laser practice has proved to be an efficient and economic means of identifying probands with a family history of myopia. In addition, the participation rate in the study appears to vary reflecting a proband's perception of disease severity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Alcoholic liver disease: proposed recommendations for the American College of Gastroenterology.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to develop practice guidelines for the management of alcoholic liver disease. METHOD: A computerized search using the Medline Data Base from 1966-July 1997 was performed with the search headings; alcohol, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver transplant, diagnosis, epidemiology, human, and English only. All randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and meta-analyses were read in depth. A manual search was also done using references from each retrieved report, review articles, editorials, postgraduate course syllabi, and textbooks. In the subsequent review, evidence was evaluated using a hierarchical scale with randomized, controlled trials given the most importance. Abstracts presented at national meetings were included only when unique data were obtained from those studies.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the selection of stopping-power and mass energy-absorption coefficient ratios for high-energy x-ray dosimetry.

A method for the selection of average stopping-power (L/rho)medair and energy-absorption coefficient (mu en/rho)medair ratios has been developed. The quality of the x-ray beam is characterized by the ratio of ionization chamber readings at depths of 20 and 10 cm in water (TMR)2010. For convenience, a relationship is established between experimental (TMR)2010 and the nominal accelerating potential (MV) of the accelerator. Experimental (TMR)2010 are related to (L/rho)medair and (mu en/rho)medair in a three-step process. First, using experimental and theoretical spectra in the range 60Co to 45 MV, (TMR)2010 were calculated for primary and first-scatter photons, and a graph of experimental versus calculated (TMR)2010 for these same spectra was constructed. Second, (L/rho)medair and (mu en/rho)medair were calculated for a large number of primary spectra [for most of which experimental (TMR)2010 were not available] and a graph constructed that related these quantities and (TMR)2010 calculated as above for this group of spectra. Third, using the graphs from the preceding steps, graphs relating the calculated (L/rho)medair and (mu en/rho)medair with experimental (TMR)2010 were constructed. Data are presented for water, polystyrene, acrylic, graphite, A-150, C-552, Bakelite, and nylon for beams with nominal accelerating potentials in the range 2-45 MV.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

A successful method for development of voluntary alcohol intoxication in mice.

Eight strains of male mice, C57BL, C3H SWM, SW, KK, KSB, KR and DBA, were fed on a standard pelletized diet and offered a choice of water or 10% sake solution (sake containing 10% alcohol). Both young (3 months of age) and old (8 months of age) groups were studied simultaneously. The degree of intoxication was measured by recording the drinking behavior on a pulse recorder, by calculating gaschromatographically the blood alcohol concentration, by taking depth electroencephalogram readings and so on. Intoxication, shown by lack of coordination such as grossly impaired gait, was observed only in the older mice of strain with a moderate natural alcohol preference such as C3H, SWM, SW, KK and KSB. In general, the intoxicated mice were over 9 months of age, tended to consume fluids regardless of the time of day or night and suffered a loss of body weight. The blood alcohol levels of them were over 4.6%. The threshold elevation of the ascending reticular activating system on electroencephalogram in a intoxicated mouse reached about 167%. The present study provides a successful method for the development of voluntary alcohol intoxication in mice.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

[Individual and collective facilitators of and barriers to the use of clinical practice guidelines by physicians: a literature review].

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) diffusion to physicians depends on local barriers or facilitators related to the CPG, to the individual clinician and the professional context. Our project aimed to retrieve, by a literature review, all the facilitators of and barriers to physician's adherence to CPG and propose a classification of these barriers and facilitators. METHOD: A comprehensive review of the literature. We searched in Medline, Healthstar, Current contents, Cochrane library databases, consulted experts in the domain of CPG implementation and reviewed study bibliography to retrieve all original reports studying facilitators of and barriers to physician's adherence to CPG (inclusion criteria). The article selection followed a two stepped procedure: first, quick reading of the retrieved articles, then reading in depth of the potentially appropriate articles. RESULTS: Fifty nine studies published between 1986 and 2001 were eligible. The majority (29 studies) used a quantitative design, having studied the statistical association between some a priori defined barriers or facilitators (collected by questionnaires or by record audits) and CPG use. The others have used a qualitative design (barriers and facilitators collected through qualitative methods or open-ended questions in questionnaires) (21 studies) or a mixed design (qualitative and quantitative) (8 studies). Study samples sizes ranked between 10 and 1878 physicians. The CPG were mostly about prevention or curative care. The retrieved barriers or facilitators were classified into three categories: 1) the CPG characteristics (form, compatibility, trialability, scientific basis, observability, adaptability, legal implications) (27 articles), 2) the physician characteristics (knowledge about CPG, attitude and agreement to CPG, psychological and socio-demographic and economic characteristics, job satisfaction, training) (38 articles), 3) the physician environment (divided into 3a the physician human environment--the patient influence and the pairs influence (16 articles)--and 3b the physician organizational environment--the internal environment and the external environment (33 articles). CONCLUSION: The interpretation of the results is hampered by the absence of previous conceptual framework of the barriers or facilitators and by the absence of multifactorial analysis.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rotational panoramic versus intraoral rectangular radiographs for evaluation of peri-implant bone loss in the anterior atrophic mandible.

PURPOSE: In patients with atrophic mandibles, elevation of the floor of the mouth often prevents intraoral rectangular radiography for longitudinal follow-up studies, while extraoral techniques such as panoramic radiographs tend to produce distorted views of the interforaminal region. In this study, intraoral rectangular radiographs and panoramic radiographs were compared for their accuracy in evaluating peri-implant bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a recall program, 22 patients with 88 screw-type implants (44 MKII and 44 Frios) were followed. Interforaminal marginal bone loss was evaluated by extraoral orthopantomograms and by intraoral rectangular radiographs. In addition, pocket depth, Periotest readings, and bleeding on probing were recorded. For statistical analysis, the Spearman coefficient of correlation was used. The effects on bone loss and clinical variables were computed with a mixed model and the Bland and Altman method. RESULTS: Computed as least square means, the mean difference between panoramic radiographs (2.4 +/- 0.2 mm for MKII implants and 1.6 +/- 0.2 mm for Frios implants) and intraoral radiographs (2.6 +/- 0.2 mm and 1.4 +/- 0.2 mm, respectively) was 0.2 mm (range, 0.1 to 0.8 mm). DISCUSSION: In this study, the 2 imaging techniques were comparable clinically in terms of the precision with which they could be used to measure marginal bone loss. CONCLUSION: For highly atrophic mandibles with unfavorable imaging conditions, rotational panoramic radiographs can be a useful alternative to intraoral small-format radiographs for evaluating peri-implant bone loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Alcohol drinking behaviors--physiological and sociomedical factors].

Alcohol drinking behavior is usually studied from two perspectives, factors leading to drinking behavior and the behavioral effects of alcohol drinking. Many detailed medicolegal, pharmacological and psychiatric studies have been conducted on the behavioral effects of alcohol drinking. Few studies have considered the biological aspects of a desire for alcohol. However, these issues can not be ignored. The role of genetic, environmental and nutritional factors in alcohol preference has extensively debated. Recently, biochemical, physiological and pharmacological studies have also been performed to elucidate the mechanism of the desire for alcohol. In this study, the biological aspects of drinking behavior and alcohol preference have been studied using inbred strains of mice as an animal model on alcoholism. In addition, factors affecting drinking behavior of human beings are discussed based on the results obtained from a medico-legal study of alcohol-related cases. 1. Alcohol preference in several animal species The alcohol preference expressed as a ratio (%) of the volume taken (water and 10% (v/v) alcohol solution), was not constant in several animal species. The preference ratio was observed to be 2.7 +/- 0.7, 3.7 +/- 0.8, 22.0 +/- 19.8 and 39.6 +/- 5.4 in male inbred strains of SAMP2, DBA/2cr, B10.Br/Sg and C57BL/6J mice respectively, and 10.7 +/- 7.6, 15.9 +/- 13.6, 31.3 +/- 22.6 and 32.4 +/- 16.7 in male Donryu, DA, Wistar and Buffalo rats respectively, and 91.3 +/- 9.1 in male Golden hamster, and 2.1 +/- 0.3 in Hartley guinea pigs. Rabbits and Japanese monkeys do not demonstrate high alcohol preference. By comparison, the alcohol preference of a Japanese people was estimated to be approximately 11-35% on the basis of data obtained by questionnaire. 2. Development of alcohol dependence and withdrawal by voluntary alcohol intake in mice Eight strains of male mice, C57BL, C3H, SWM, SW, KK, KSB, KR and DBA, were offered a choice of water or 10% sake solution (sake containing 10% alcohol). Both young (3 months of age) and old (8 months of age) groups were studied simultaneously. The degree of intoxication was measured by recording the drinking behavior on a pulse recorder, by measuring gas-chromatographically the blood alcohol concentration, by taking depth electroencephalogram readings and so on. Intoxication, shown by lack of coordination such as grossly impaired gait, was observed only in the older mice of a strain with a moderate natural alcohol preference such as C3H, SWM, SW, KK and KSB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1989

Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation. II. The conceptual review of the literature or how to read more articles than you ever want to see in your entire life.

The purpose of the literature review is to place your research question in the context of the existing scientific literature. This article will help you to develop an overall conceptual framework to allow you to sort through the mass of published material in a focused way. The conceptual review differs from the individual article review in that it is guided by your understanding of the basic issues rather than by your knowledge of research methodology. The goal of this paper is to help you develop a conceptual framework starting from your clinical knowledge. A specific search strategy is presented to help you determine which articles are highly relevant to your topic and to locate all of these published within the past 5 years. Articles are classified into three types: those that are obviously highly relevant, other less relevant articles and articles that are potentially relevant. Guidelines are given on how to start looking, when to stop looking, how to organize the articles you find so that you can review them in a reasonable amount of time and how to read in depth the most pertinent ones you find.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1985

Prism-induced horopter distortions.

The effects that lateral prisms have on the horopter were evaluated in 11 subjects, including 6 subjects classified as binocularly abnormal. For normal subjects with good stereopsis the equidistance (stereoscopic distance matching) horopter shape was altered with the application of lateral prism. For other subjects this was not the case. Equidirection (nonius) horopters were unchanged by the application of lateral prism in all of the subjects tested. In addition to localized irregularities in the horopter locus, shifts in fixation disparity produced regional distortions of the horopter.

Depth Perception↗
PubMed1978

Panum's area explained in terms of known acuity mechanism.

Comparisons between the various types of binocular and monocular visual acuity thresholds are made in this study. The results obtained in monocular resolution and binocular diplopia experiments support LeGrand's view regarding Panum's area. Thus the physiological mechanism which appears to account for both monocular resolution and binocular diplopia thresholds could also account for a spatial tolerance which gives rise to Panum's area.

Depth Perception↗