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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Effect of clomiphene citrate on PMSG-induced ovulation in the immature rat.

The dose of 15 IU PMSG was found to be optimal for inducing ovulation within 74 hours in 27-day-old immature female rats. There was a significant decrease in the mean number of ova per ovulating animal when the dose was raised beyond this (r = 0.6554, p less than 0.001 for the range from 15 to 100 IU), but the number of ovulating animals did not decrease unless more than 80 IU PMSG were injected. The PMSG-induced ovulation was not affected by treating the animals with 10 or 100 mug clomiphene citrate at 0, 24, 48, 54, 60, 66 hours or at 0, 24, and 48 hours.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Antiestrogen-induced remissions in stage IV breast cancer.

Tamoxifen (NSC-180973, ICI-46474), an antiestrogen, was administered to 39 women with stage IV breast cancer at a dose of 20 mg orally every 12 hours. Patients were selected as eligible for endocrine ablative treatment and with disease not so aggressive as to jeopardize further treatment in case the experimental drug failed. Objective remission was obtained in 19 patients (49%) with a mean duration of 11+ months and ten patients are still in remission. No progression was seen in seven patients (18%) lasting 13+ months with only one patient in relapse. Thirteen patients (33%) have failed. Objective remission was obtained in two premenopausal women even though menstrual cycles were not suppressed; bilateral oophorectomy in one of these patients induced a second remission after relapse from tamoxifen. Objective remissions were obtained in two women with proven complete hypophysectomy a direct action of antiestrogens at the tumor level. Positive estrogen receptors were suggestive of being a good predictor of response. Menopausal status and dominant site of metastasis did not affect the response to tamoxifen in this small series. Tamoxifen did not alter prolactin secretion, and side effects from the drug were usually mild and transient in nature. We conclude that tamoxifen is an effective antitumor agent in patients with stage IV breast cancer; further studies are necessary to determine whether it will equal the therapeutic effect of oophorectomy, adrenalectomy, and hypophysectomy.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1987

Effects of estradiol and its antagonist tamoxifen on motility and metabolism of human spermatozoa.

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the motility and metabolism of human spermatozoa incubated at 37 degrees Celsius for 3 hours in a krebs phosphate Ringer solution containing different concentrations of 17beta-estradiol and tamoxifen. 17beta-estradiol (17beta E2) stimulated significantly the motility of human spermatozoa. The oxidative metabolism and the intracellular ATP concentrations are enhanced with 10-20 mcg/ml of 17beta E2; the lactate production remains unchanged however. Tamoxifen, an antiestrogen, inhibited the motility of spermatozoa, and was toxic at high concentrations. Its effects on the energetic metabolism is dose-dependent; it increases the oxidative metabolism and decreases the lactate production and intracellular ATP at 3 mcg/ml.

Biology↗
PubMed1983

Controlled release of contraceptive steroids from biodegradable poly (ortho esters).

The synthesis of poly (ortho esters) by the condensation of diols and diketene acetals and the in vitro drug release from devices containing norethindrone or levonorgestrel and either Na2C03 or Na2S04 is described. Drug release kinetics are rationalized in terms of an osmotically driven water imbibition and release of the steroid from the swollen polymer. No polymer erosion occurs when Na2C03 is used. When Na2S04 is used, polymer erosion does take place but lags drug release. As expected from the known acid lability of ortho ester linkages, drug release is strongly dependent on the pH of the external environment and a dramatic increase occurs between pH 5.5 and 5.0. The glass transition temperature of the poly (ortho esters) can be continuously and predictably varied between 115 and 20 degrees Celsius by using an appropriate ratio of 1,6-hexanediol, and trans-cyclohexanedimethanol in the condensation reaction with the diketene acetal. Polymer hydrophilicity can be varied by the incorporation of varying amounts of the hydrophilic diol diethylene glycol into the polymer. Molecular weight control can be readily achieved by skewing the stoichiometry, and polymers with weight average molecular weights between 20,000 and in excess of 100,000 have been produced. Hydrolytic degradation of the poly (ortho esters) produces the expected products.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1979

Clomiphene citrate in the management of infertility associated with shortened luteal phases.

Repetitively short luteal phases were found in eight infertile women. The short luteal phase was defined as 10 days or less from the presumed time of ovulation (as assessed by basal body temperature recording) to the onset of menses. Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) therapy resulted in pregnancy in two patients and lengthened the luteal phase in the other six. Ultimately, seven of eight patients conceived during Clomid therapy. Clomid therapy can lengthen the luteal phase in patients with luteal temperature elevation of 10 days or less. The occurrence of short luteal phases may be associated with infertility.

Anovulation↗