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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Stronger renewal in human fear conditioning when tested with an acquisition retrieval cue than with an extinction retrieval cue.

It was previously demonstrated in our laboratory that conditioned fear in humans can renew after extinction, when this procedure took place in a different context (ABA-renewal [Vansteenwegen et al. (2005). Return of fear in a human differential conditioning paradigm caused by a return to the original acquisition context. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(3), 323-336]). Using the same experimental design, we now tested the power of retrieval cues to interact with this contextual renewal phenomenon. Two groups went through acquisition and extinction (in a different context). They were then tested in the original acquisition context and in the presence of a retrieval cue. In the acquisition-cue group, this cue previously featured during the acquisition procedure; in the extinction-cue group, the cue previously featured during the extinction procedure. As expected, renewal of conditioned electro-dermal responding and retrospective expectancy ratings was strongest in the acquisition-cue group. Theoretical and clinical implications of this finding are discussed.

Association Learning↗
PubMed2007

The normal kidney filters nephrotic levels of albumin retrieved by proximal tubule cells: retrieval is disrupted in nephrotic states.

The origin of albuminuria remains controversial owing to difficulties in quantifying the actual amount of albumin filtered by the kidney. Here we use fluorescently labeled albumin, together with the powerful technique of intravital 2-photon microscopy to show that renal albumin filtration in non-proteinuric rats is approximately 50 times greater than previously measured and is followed by rapid endocytosis into proximal tubule cells (PTCs). The endocytosed albumin appears to undergo transcytosis in large vesicles (500 nm in diameter), identified by immunogold staining of endogenous albumin by electron microscopy, to the basolateral membrane where the albumin is disgorged back to the peritubular blood supply. In nephrotic rats, the rate of uptake of albumin by the proximal tubule (PT) is decreased. This is consistent with reduced expression of clathrin, megalin, and vacuolar H(+)-ATPase A subunit, proteins that are critical components of the PT endocytotic machinery. These findings strongly support the paradigm-shifting concept that the glomerular filter normally leaks albumin at nephrotic levels. Albuminuria does not occur as this filtered albumin load is avidly bound and retrieved by PTCs. Dysfunction of this retrieval pathway leads to albuminuria. Thus, restoration of the defective endocytotic and processing function of PT epithelial cells might represent an effective strategy to limit urinary albumin loss, at least in some types of nephrotic syndrome.

Albumins↗
PubMed1996

Microwave-antigen retrieval: the importance of pH of the retrieval solution for MIB-1 staining.

Using microwaves for microscopy almost invariably implies working at elevated temperatures. In microwave studies it became evident that high temperatures do not inevitably damage the tissues. On the contrary very high temperatures can even be beneficial. The most striking example is the 'heat shock' of formalin-fixed paraffin sections in the microwave oven with temperatures higher than 100 degrees C, revealing otherwise hidden epitopes. These microwave applications have triggered a breakthrough in pathology. The pH of the microwave-retrieval solution is decisive for the staining results, particularly for MiB-1. There is no staining of proliferating cells between pH 3.5 and 5.0. Between pH 5.0 and 6.5 we observed an increase in the number of MiB-1-positive stained nuclei. Our findings indicate that in quantitative work it is of extreme importance to standardise the pH of the retrieval solution and to choose pH 6.5 for optimal results.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2006

Perioperative and post-operative complications of transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval: prospective study of >1000 oocyte retrievals.

BACKGROUND: Although transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrievals (OR) are performed routinely worldwide, there is very little systematic data about its complications. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study following the perioperative and post-operative complications of over 1058 ORs. Additionally, we assessed the pain experienced during the OR. RESULTS: A total of 1166 OR were performed during the study period, of which 1058 (90.7%) ORs were included prospectively. Incomplete data meant that the remaining 9.3% were excluded. No complications were caused by sedation or general anaesthesia. Vaginal bleeding was observed in 2.8% of procedures, without any cases of intra-abdominal bleeding. An injury of pelvic structures (a ureteral lesion) occurred in one case. No case of pelvic infection, but one case of unexplained fever, was observed. A severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurred in 2.7% of cases. Although most patients tolerated the OR well, 3% of patients experienced severe to very severe pain after the OR and 2% of patients were still suffering from severe pain 2 days after the procedure. The pain level increased with the number of oocytes retrieved. About 0.7% of patients required hospitalization for pain treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Patients can be reassured that overall OR is a safe procedure. However, patients have to be counselled about the minor risks of the OR. The literature on complications is reviewed in the article.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Retrieval medicine: a review and guide for UK practitioners. Part 2: safety in patient retrieval systems.

Retrieval and transfer of critically ill and injured patients is a high risk activity. Risk can be minimised with robust safety and clinical governance systems in place. This article describes the various governance systems that can be employed to optimise safety and efficiency in retrieval services. These include operating procedure development, equipment management, communications procedures, crew resource management, significant event analysis, audit and training.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2003

Validation of satellite-retrieved oceanic inherent optical properties: proposed two-color elastic backscatter lidar and retrieval theory.

Recent radiative transfer models show that: (1) regardless of elastic lidar receiver field of view (FOV), at vanishing lidar depth the lidar-derived attenuation coefficient klidar --> a, where a is the total absorption coefficient per meter of depth; and (2) for a wide FOV as the lidar sensing depth approaches some large value (depending on water type), klidar --> Kd, where Kd is the diffuse attenuation for downwelling irradiance. As a result, it is shown that a time-resolved, dual-wavelength-laser, elastic-backscattering lidar can retrieve the three principal oceanic optical properties: (1) the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton aph, (2) the absorption coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) aCDOM, and (3) the nonwater total constituent backscattering coefficient bbt. The lidar-retrieved aph, aCDOM, and bbt inherent optical properties can be used to validate corresponding satellite-derived products such as those from terra moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), Aqua MODIS, Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor, (SeaWiFS), and other ocean color sensors.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of risk factors for degenerative joint disease associated with hip dysplasia in German Shepherd Dogs, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, and Rottweilers.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether age, breed, sex, weight, or distraction index (DI) was associated with the risk that dogs of 4 common breeds (German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Rottweiler) would have radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease (DJD) associated with hip dysplasia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional prevalence study. ANIMALS: 15,742 dogs. PROCEDURE: Hips of dogs were evaluated radiographically by use of the ventrodorsal hip-extended view, the compression v ew, and the distraction view. The ventrodorsal hip-extended view was examined to determine whether dogs had DJD. For each breed, a multiple logistic regression model incorporating age, sex, weight, and DI was created. For each breed, disease-susceptibility curves were produced, using all dogs, regardless of age, and dogs grouped on the basis of age. RESULTS: Weight and DI were significant risk factors for DJD in all breeds. For German Shepherd Dogs, the risk of having DJD was 4.95 times the risk for dogs of the other 3 breeds combined. In all breeds, the probability of having DJD increased with age. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that the probability of having hip DJD increased with hip joint laxity as measured by use of DI. This association was breed-specific, indicating that breed-specific information on disease susceptibility should be incorporated when making breeding decisions and when deciding on possible surgical treatment of hip dysplasia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1971

Epilepsy Abstracts Retrieval System (EARS): a new concept for medical literature storage and retrieval.

Epilepsy Abstracts, a monthly publication of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, is used as the data base for an on-line full-text search and retrieval system. Every word in the abstract (except common words that possess no retrieval value) becomes a keyword, reducing the mismatch between the user's familiarity with word usage in the desired subject area and the word usage in the documents to be searched.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1987

What learning-disabled readers fail to retrieve on verbal dichotic tests: a problem of encoding, retrieval, or storage?

Three theoretical models were assessed as a framework for capturing learning-disabled readers' faulty word retrieval. To this end, learning-disabled and skilled readers were compared on verbal dichotic listening tasks for free recall and cued recall of word lists organized by semantic, phonemic, and structural features. The results indicated that disabled readers were comparable on free recall but were inferior to skilled readers on cued recall. No ability group differences were found for categorical and noncategorical recall intrusions during the cued recall phase. Cued recall performance was further analyzed for individual differences in memory trace structure (via the Tulving & Watkins, 1975, reduction method), ear asymmetry, and the allocation of attention to word features prior to cuing. Results indicated that during the cued recall phase, disabled readers' memory traces were inferior in structure to those of skilled readers, even though the two ability groups produced comparable symmetrical recall patterns for the ear presentations. Further, disabled readers had lower selective attention scores for the interhemispheric processing of information prior to cuing than did skilled readers. Taken together, the results suggest that, prior to cued recall, disabled readers suffer from attentional difficulties during interhemispheric processing, which in turn influences the structural formation of their memory trace.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Membrane retrieval in the guinea pig neurohypophysis: biochemical characterization of a retrieval structure.

[3H]Choline and [35S]methionine injected into the guinea pig hypothalamus in vivo were incorporated into the lipids and proteins, respectively, of secretory vesicles transported to the neural lobe. Prolonged in vivo stimulation of hormone secretion by dehydration decreased the [3H]choline content of secretory vesicles, with a concomitant increase in the [3H]choline content of a membrane fraction isolated on sucrose gradients. After stimulation of neural lobes in vitro in the presence of horseradish peroxidase, this extracellular fluid marker was found in the same membrane fraction. SDS electrophoresis of membrane proteins radiolabelled by [35S]methionine in vivo demonstrated that this fraction contained at least one major protein also present in the secretory vesicle membrane. These results suggest that we have isolated a membrane fraction containing the structure(s) involve in membrane retrieval in the neurohypophysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Testing a non-decompositional theory of lemma retrieval in speaking: retrieval of verbs.

Theories of lexical access in speaking differ in whether they assume that words are accessed in a conceptually decomposed or non-decomposed way. In this paper, two experiments are reported that test the non-decompositional theory and computer model proposed by Roelofs (1992a). Subjects had to name pictured actions using verbs and ignore distractor verbs superimposed on the pictures. According to the theory, semantic inhibition should be obtained from distractor cohyponym verbs that are the names of other pictures in the experiment. By contrast, semantic facilitation should be obtained from hyponyms of the target verbs. Both predictions were empirically confirmed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. These findings support the proposed non-decompositional theory and computer model. Furthermore, they refute a recent attempt to deal with a class of retrieval problems within the decompositional framework. Bierwisch and Schreuder (1992) propose to solve the hyperonym problem (Levelt, 1989) by an inhibitory channel in the mental lexicon between a word and its hyperonyms. This predicts semantic inhibition by hyponyms, instead of the observed facilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Text-level representations as one determinant for lexical retrieval and sentence production deficits in aphasia: comments on L. B. Zingeser and R. Sloan Berndt "Retrieval of nouns and verbs in agrammatism and anomia".

This note discusses the explanation put forward by Zingeser and Berndt (1990) in their attempt to account for agrammatism by reference to word-level representations. These authors have suggested that agrammatism could be the expression of some particular difficulties with the lexical retrieval of verbs. The present discussion suggests an alternative explanation making reference to text-level representations, and particularly to the lexicalization of predicates.

Anomia↗
PubMed2005

Memory retrieval processing: neural indices of processes supporting episodic retrieval.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were acquired during separate test phases of a verbal recognition memory exclusion task in order to contribute to current understanding of the functional significance of differences between ERPs elicited by new (unstudied) test words, which are assumed to index processes engaged in pursuit of task-relevant information. Participants were asked to endorse old words from one study task (targets), and to reject new test words as well as those from a second study task (non-targets). The study task designated as the target category varied across test phases. The left-parietal ERP old/new effect - the electrophysiological signature of recollection - was reliable for targets and for non-targets in all test phases, consistent with the view that participants recollected information about both of these classes of test word. The contrast between the ERPs evoked by new test words separated according to target designation revealed no reliable differences. These findings contrast with those in a recent study in which the same tasks were used, but in which the accuracy of task judgments was markedly higher (Dzulkifli, M.A., & Wilding, E. L. (2005). Electrophysiological indices of strategic episodic retrieval processing. Neuropsychologia, 43, 1152-1162). In that study, there were reliable differences between the ERPs evoked by the two classes of new words, but reliable left-parietal ERP old/new effects for targets only. In combination, the findings suggest that differences between ERPs evoked by new test words can reflect processes that are important for controlling what kinds of information will and will not be recollected.

Adult↗