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Results for “Retrocochlear Diseases”

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PubMed1981

Discrimination of level differences by hearing-impaired patients.

A technique for measuring the discrimination of level differences with pulsed tones is proposed. Alternating tone bursts, each of 500 ms duration but of different sound pressure levels, are separated by 200-ms pauses. The advantages of this method in comparison with traditional methods (SISI test, Lüscher-Zwislocki test) which use modulated tones are that level discrimination is independent of frequency and that it shows very little dependence on sensation level. With this technique, the level discrimination of patients with conductive hearing loss, 'toxic' hearing impairment, noise-induced hearing loss, sudden deafness, presbyacusis, Meniere's disease, and retrocochlear impairment was determined and compared to the results obtained in normal ears. Using the level discrimination test proposed, retrocochlear disorders can be diagnosed with great reliability.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The application of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in otoneurosurgery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in the diagnostics, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative follow-up of patients in otoneurosurgery. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of patients who underwent either cochlear implantation (CI, n = 18) or were diagnosed with an acoustic neuroma (AN, n = 9) or with neuro(micro)vascular compression of the VIIIth nerve (NVC, n = 27) in the period 2002 to 2004. The follow-up was 1 year for all patients. SETTING: A tertiary-referral unit. RESULTS: VEMPs could be recorded in 64% of all patients before CI and in 22% after surgery. The patients with AN had normal VEMPs in 22% of all cases when first diagnosed. Normal VEMPs were found in 37% of those patients with NVC. From the 5 AN patients who had to be operated, only 1 had intact VEMPs after surgery. In contrast, after microvascular decompression all patients (4) had normal VEMPs. CONCLUSIONS: VEMPs are helpful in diagnosing patients with vertigo to better identify saccular defects. They are highly sensitive in the early diagnosis of retrocochlear lesions. SIGNIFICANCE: VEMPs can help to reliably identify patients with a retrocochlerar lesion at an early stage and can be used in intraoperative, neurophysiological monitoring. EBM RATING: C-4.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss evaluation with T2 FSE-MRI in a public hospital.

CONCLUSIONS: T2-weighted fast-spin echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be an economically beneficial protocol for screening patients with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss without other neurologic findings in a public hospital population. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine if fast spin echo T2 MRI is similar to gadolinium-enhanced MRI in evaluating asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss in a county hospital population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of all outpatients seen at a public hospital, comprising patients with no other cranial nerve findings who underwent gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the internal auditory canal and brain between January 2002 and September 2003. Patients with >15 dB difference in hearing at one frequency or 10 dB hearing difference at two frequencies underwent gadolinium-enhanced MRI scan with FSE T2 sequence as part of the examination protocol. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients were identified who met all the inclusion criteria for the study. Of the 146 MRI scans performed, abnormalities were seen on 71 of them, the majority of which were inconsequential. No acoustic neuromas were identified in our study population. Cost savings of over 100,000 dollars would have been realized if only T2 FSE protocols had been used.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Magnetic resonance imaging in the search for retrocochlear pathology.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of retrocochlear pathologic conditions that may be seen with full, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, relative to more limited studies of the internal auditory canals (IACs) in patients with unilateral hearing loss or tinnitus with or without dizziness. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on all patients who had a magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and otologic symptoms over a 7-year period. RESULTS: Abnormalities were found in 11 of 128 patients with only auditory symptoms and in 63 of 282 patients with auditory symptoms and/or dizziness (P = 0.005). Treatable lesions may not have been identified with a limited IAC study in 3 of 128 patients with only unilateral auditory symptoms, and 21 of 282 patients with dizziness (P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Limited MRI of the IACs may serve as an adequate screening test for retrocochlear pathologic conditions in patients with unilateral auditory symptoms and no dizziness.

Female↗
PubMed2000

[Clinical study of time-shift evoked potentials].

Quick change of the interaural time difference (ITD) generates moving sound stimuli. Specific biphasic event-related potentials called "time-shift evoked potentials (TSEPs)" can be recorded when this moving sound is given. The results of TSEPs in various types of hearing loss were analyzed in comparison with auditory brainstem response (ABR) and slow vertical response (SVR) in order to evaluate clinial applicability of TSEPs. Firstly, the detection threshold of TSEPs was established in groups of patients with low tone sensorineural hearing loss and with steep high tone sensorineural hearing loss. The usefulness of TSEPs was then evaluated in patients with retrocochlear hearing loss and with functional deafness. The patients with retrocochlear hearing loss were divided into 2 subgroups, one with auditory nerve disorder and the other with cortical disorder. It was found that TSEPs participate in the transference of auditory time-factors. They reflect the function of not only the auditory nerve and brainstem which form major components of ABR, but also the central nervous system superior to the inferior colliculus. TSEPs could be recorded in most patients with functional deafness and are more useful for its diagnosis than using the conventional directional hearing test. It is concluded that TSEPs is useful as a clinical test for detection of cortical disorder and functional deafness.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2000

Otoacoustic emissions in patients with retrocochlear dysfunction: a report of five cases.

This article describes the results of otoacoustic emissions testing in five patients with sensorineural hearing loss. We conducted an audiologic evaluation and performed image and cerebral function studies on each patient. Our investigation revealed that all five had spontaneous otoacoustic emissions and/or distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Pharmacologic treatment with anxiolytics, antidepressants, and anticonvulsant drugs was successful in alleviating symptoms in three patients. An organic and a central functional cause of symptoms was found in the remaining two patients. Before pharmacologic therapy, the spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were of high intensity, and the distortion product emissions were minimal. Following drug therapy, the former disappeared and the latter appeared.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Cochlear and retrocochlear deafness induced by immunity with different inner ear tissue antigens].

OBJECTIVES: To inquire into whether the different inner ear tissue antigens could cause different kind of hearing loss, and to find out the disorder positions of auditory system. METHODS: The basilar membrane (BM), spiral ligament (SL), and spiral ganglion (SG) of guinea pigs were removed for making antigens, respectively. Then, we used these antigens to immune guinea pigs. The special humour and cellular immune reaction, hearing function, and inner ear histopathological changes were observed. RESULTS: In BM-antigen and SL-antigen immune group, the various degrees of cochlear microphonic potential disturbance, recruitment, and immune pathological inflammation in cochlear duct and stria vascularis were found. In SG-antigen immune group, auditory nerve compound action potential changes were prominent, and the inner ear pathological damage mainly existed in cochlear axis vessels or surround areas, and SG. CONCLUSIONS: It was confirmed that the inner ear antigens come from different part of auditory system, which could cause cochlear or retrocochlear autoimmune disease.

Animals↗