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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Rodent control programmes in areas affected by Bolivian haemorrhagic fever.

Bolivian haemorrhagic fever (BHF) caused by Machupo virus is acquired by contact with the excretions and secretions of Calomys callosus, an indigenous cricetine rodent which is preadapted to peridomestic habitats. It competes successfully with Mus musculus, but not with Rattus rattus. A successful disease control programme has functioned in Beni Department since 1964. It is based on trapping surveys and the detection of splenomegaly in Calomys rodents as an index of chronic virus infection. Mass trapping and poisoning are used initially, and regular trapping is employed to control Calomys populations in towns where disease has occurred. More than 1000 cases of BHF were recorded from 1960-1964, but less than 200 in the past 10 years. The cost of this programme is approximately $30 000 annually.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Problems associated with the control of rodents in tropical Africa.

As elsewhere in the world, rodents are responsible for very considerable economic losses in tropical Africa because of their depredations on both growing crops and stored food products. Unfortunately, few accurate data are available on the extent of these losses but there is evidence that they are considerable. The public health importance of rodents, both as reservoirs and vectors of disease in tropical Africa, is also great; plague, leptospirosis, murine typhus, and Lassa fever are among the diseases associated with rodent hosts. Scientifically based rodent control programmes have been carried out in very few areas of Africa and there is urgent need for studies and demonstrations on rodent control in both urban and rural areas. The problems likely to be encountered are reviewed and methods of control proposed.

Africa↗
PubMed1981

A quality-controlled rodent diet.

65 consecutive batches of a fixed-formula rodent diet have been assayed for 19 nutrients and 16 contaminants. The nutrients were always within the nutritionally desirable range. Except for cadmium, the levels of contaminants found were always well below the maximum recommended levels.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Behavioral measures of alcohol self-administration and intake control: rodent models.

This review provides a brief historical overview of the behavioral paradigms that have been used to study alcohol consumption using rats as subjects, and then critically evaluates these models' ability to address the complexities involved in ethanol-seeking and self-administration. Many of these models have been influenced by a "behavioral pharmacology" approach, and therefore have studied oral ethanol reinforcement in a manner similar to food and water reinforcement. Because of this, these models have failed to adequately assess the complex seeking responses that are an integral part of ethanol-motivated behaviors. As an alternative, an appetitive-consummatory approach that procedurally separates and measures the two phases of behavior is suggested, and recent data using this model are reviewed. It is important that animal models that are to be used to evaluate underlying physiological mechanisms of the control of ethanol self-administration accurately address all of the complex behaviors that are involved in intake control.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2002

Widely spaced alternative promoters, conserved between human and rodent, control expression of the Opitz syndrome gene MID1.

Mutations in the gene MID1 are responsible for the X-linked form of Opitz syndrome, a genetic disorder that primarily affects the development of midline structures. Several mRNA isoforms with variant 5' ends have been reported for MID1, suggesting the presence of alternative transcription initiation sites. However, the genomic organization and expression pattern of the heterogeneous MID1 5'-untranslated regions (UTRs), as well as the promoter regions regulating their transcription, have not been determined. We now report the characterization of alternative MID1 first exons and their associated promoters in human and other species. Multiple transcription initiation sites, dispersed over 250 kb on Xp22, were found to give rise to five MID1 isoforms in human that differed in their 5'-UTRs, but contained identical coding sequence. These alternative MID1 transcripts showed distinct expression patterns with the most 5' first exon being adipose-specific and another exon being placenta-selective, whereas other 5'-UTRs seemed to be ubiquitous. Consistent with the expression data, the putative promoter regions upstream of the variant first exons also varied in their strength and tissue specificity in transfection experiments. Similar to the human gene, heterogeneous Mid1 isoforms were also identified in mouse and rat by 5'-RACE, which revealed that three of the five alternative first exons isolated in human are also used in rodent. Comparison of MID1 promoter regions from several mammals indicated a high level of identity suggesting evolutionary conservation. Together, these results suggest that alternative promoters are important in the complex transcriptional regulation of MID1 expression in several species.

5' Flanking Region↗
PubMed1973

Prospects of chemosterilant and genetic control of rodents.

This paper discusses some requirements of an ideal rodent chemosterilant, analyses the advantages of chemosterilants over other control methods, and compares the potential values of chemosterilants that affect females, males, and both sexes. Examples are given of specific situations where chemosterilants will be valuable in rodent control, together with suggested methods of applying them. The theory and practicability of using genetics in rodent control are also discussed. Neither the chemosterilant nor the genetic method is expected to become a panacea, but their eventual application will be a significant advance in rodent-control technology. Since both approaches are based on sound biological principles and are relatively safe, they should be helpful in regulating rodent populations in the future.

Animals↗