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PubMed2003

Can authorship policies help prevent scientific misconduct? What role for scientific societies?

The purpose of this article is to encourage and help inform active discussion of authorship policies among members of scientific societies. The article explains the history and rationale of the influential criteria for authorship developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, examines questions about those criteria that emerge from authorship policies adopted by several U.S. medical schools, and summarizes the arguments for replacing authorship with the contributor-guarantor model. Finally, it concludes with a plea for scientific societies to play a prominent role in the ongoing debates about authorship and the alternatives as part of their efforts to encourage ethical conduct among their members. Whether or not scientific societies develop authorship policies of their own, they should undertake vigorous educational efforts to keep their new members adequately informed about the importance of authorship practices in ethical scientific research and publication.

Authorship↗
PubMed2001

[The Chilean medical scientific societies join to form a common entity].

A recent law project pretended to improve the number and distribution of clinical specialists throughout the country. Several Medical Scientific Societies felt that the diagnosis and the treatment proposed for the problem were erroneous. In Chile, there is no such lack of specialists but, unfortunately, they are badly distributed and any solution should include their better geographical distribution. This was the beginning of a common action by 30 Medical Scientific Societies, which realized that they have several problems in common, deciding to create an entity to face them: the Chilean Association of Medical Scientific Societies (ASOCIMED). This association was formed last August. In a few months of work it has studied its bylaws to be submitted for approval to the Member Societies. Also it has started to study, together with the Ministry of Public Health, the needs, number and distribution of specialists in the country and important information should be gathered from this study. ASOCIMED is already representing Medical Scientific Societies in the National Corporation for Medical Certification (CONACEM), together with the National Academy of Medicine is creating a National Award of Medicine and with the Health Insurance Companies is studying a way to face high cost diseases. During its short existence, ASOCIMED has faced a diversity of different issues and it seems reasonable to believe that it will play an important role in Chilean Medicine.

Chile↗
PubMed2003

Developing a code of ethics for academics. Commentary on 'Ethics for all: differences across scientific society codes' (Bullock and Panicker).

This article discusses the possibilities and pitfalls of constructing a code of ethics for university professors. Professional, educational, legal, and policy questions regarding the goals, format, and content of an academic ethics code are raised and a series of aspirational principles and enforceable standards that might be included in such a document are presented for discussion and debate.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2003

A women's scientific society in the west. The late eighteenth-century assimilation of science.

The Natuurkundig Genootschap der Dames (Women's Society for Natural Knowledge), formally established by and for women, met regularly from 1785 to 1881 and sporadically until 1887. It challenges our stereotypes both of women and the physical sciences during the eighteenth century and of the intellectual interests open to women in the early European republics. This essay aims not simply to identify the society and its members but to describe their pursuits and consider what their story adds to the history of Western science. What does this society's existence tell us about the relationship between women and early science in general and about science and society in the Dutch setting in particular? Science and gender look rather different when observed through the activities of the immensely prosperous women of Middelburg, citizens of one of the most highly literate Western countries. The elite lives of the first-generation members of the women's society also offer us a glimpse into the early domestication of science, a process vital to its acceptance and assimilation.

Female↗