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PubMed1965

Antibiotic therapy of staphylococcal infections.

The antibiotic treatment of staphylococcal infections remains a problem. Isolation of the organism and sensitivity testing are necessary in the choice of antibiotic. Penicillin G is the most effective penicillin against non-penicillinase-producing staphy-lococci; for the penicillinase producers there is very little to choose between the semisynthetic penicillins, methicillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin and oxacillin. For patients who are hypersensitive to penicillin, the bacteriostatic drugs (erythromycin, novobiocin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, oleandomycin) are useful for mild infections, while for more severe illness the bactericidal drugs (vancomycin, ristocetin, kanamycin, bacitracin, neomycin) have been used successfully. Acute staphylococcal enterocolitis is probably best treated by a semisynthetic penicillin. Other antibiotics which have been found useful, with clinical trials, for staphylococcal infections are cephalosporin, fucidin, cephaloridine and lincomycin. The latter drug has been reported of value in the treatment of osteomyelitis. There is little justification for the prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent staphylococcal infection. Surgical drainage is still an important adjunct in the treatment of many staphylococcal infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Results of bacteriophage treatment of suppurative bacterial infections. VI. Analysis of treatment of suppurative staphylococcal infections.

Analysis of phage therapy results was carried out on 273 cases of spontaneous and postoperative septic staphylococcal infections. The treatment appeared effective in 254 (93.0%) cases. Detailed analysis of the results obtained in particular disease categories revealed that staphylococcal bacteriophages may be efficiently applied in the treatment of suppurative staphylococcal infections resistant to antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

IgM antibody response to staphylococcal infection.

Of patients with staphylococcal infections, high levels of IgM antibodies of staphylococci measured by radioimmunoassay were present in 13 of 17 patients with endocarditis, nine of 23 with complicated bacteremia, one of 20 with uncomplicated bacteremia, and two of 21 with nonbacteremic infections. Of control subjects, high levels of IgM antibodies were present in seven of 26 individuals with gram-positive infections, two of 16 with gram-negative infections, two of 20 with rheumatoid arthritis, and two of 50 uninfected persons. Concomitant elevation of IgG and IgM antibody levels occurred in 20 of 40 patients with endocarditis or complicated bacteremia compared with two of 41 patients with other types of staphylococcal infections and three of 112 control subjects. IgM antibodies only were present early in the infection in six of 13 patients with staphylococcal endocarditis or complicated bacteremia. IgG or IgM antibody levels remained elevated at least four weeks after initiation of treatment.

Endocarditis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

Antibodies to staphylococcal peptidoglycan and its peptide epitopes, teichoic acid, and lipoteichoic acid in sera from blood donors and patients with staphylococcal infections.

Antibodies to the staphylococcal antigens peptidoglycan, beta-ribitol teichoic acid, and lipoteichoic acid, as well as to the peptidoglycan epitopes L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala, L-Lys-D-Ala, and pentaglycine, were found over a wide range of concentrations in sera from both blood donors and patients with verified or suspected staphylococcal infections. The patient group was heterogeneous with regard to both age and type of staphylococcal infections, being representative for sera sent to our laboratory. In single-antigen assays antibodies to pentaglycine had the highest predictive positive value (67%), although only 32% of the patients had elevated levels of such antibodies. Combinations of test antigens could yield positive predictive values as high as 100%, but then the fraction of positive sera was low. Indeed, the fraction of patient sera which was positive in multiple-antigen tests never exceeded 61%. The clinical usefulness of these seroassays for identifying Staphylococcus aureus as a causative agent was limited, owing to the considerable overlap in the range of antibody concentrations between patient and blood donor sera.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Use of a countercurrent immunoelectrophoretic method for isolating antistaphylococcal antibodies and staphylococcal antigen in the blood serum of children with staphylococcal infections].

In cases of staphylococcal infection in children (osteomyelitis, purulent destructive pneumonia, phlegmons, abscesses) the use of counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) allowed one to detect antistaphylococcal antibodies (anti-poly-A beta) in 12.5-69.1% of cases and staphylococcal antigen in the blood serum in 6.1-25.0% of cases, the antigen titer reaching 1 : 1-1 :8. In staphylococcal sepsis with faintly pronounced local pyo-inflammatory processes, as well as in diseases of nonstaphylococcal etiology and in healthy children, no clear reactions indicating the presence of antistaphylococcal antibodies and staphylococcal antigen were registered. CIE may be used as a specific serological diagnostic test in the severe forms of staphylococcal infection in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Host-parasite relationship in staphylococcal infections: the role of the staphylococcal cell wall during the process of phagocytosis.

Evidence is presented that antibodies against staphylococcal peptidoglycan are important opsonins for phagocytosis of staphylococci. Cell wall protein A inhibits opsonization by IgG through its interaction with the Fc fragment of the IgG molecule and preventing therefore the binding between the Fc fragment and the Fc receptor of the cell membrane of the leukocyte. Extracellular protein A interferes with opsonization presumably through depletion of complement.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗