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Results for “STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS, RESPIRATORY”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1961

The influence of influenza virus infection on exogenous staphylococcal and endogenous murine bacterial infection of the bronchopulmonary tissues of mice.

Mice infected with a non-mouse-adapted Asian strain of influenza A virus suffered an impaired capacity to destroy or remove staphylococci introduced by the respiratory route. This temporary inhibition of local defense mechanisms was of 7 to 10 days' duration. The persistence of staphylococci in the lung following influenza did not appear to alter the nature of the pathologic reaction to influenza virus. The presence of influenza virus infection in the respiratory tract of the mouse did not alter the fate of intravenous staphylococci in the lung or other organs. In 40 to 50 per cent of mice with influenza, purulent bronchopneumonia and infection with Pasteurella and Hemophilus of murine origin were noted. A minority of control animals evidenced such infection. The administration of antimicrobials to which the murine bacteria were susceptible prevented both the appearance of the endogenous infection with Pasteurella or Hemophilus and the purulent sequelae to influenza virus infection. The true picture of uncomplicated bronchopulmonary influenza virus infection was thus separated from the combined virus-bacteria effect otherwise encountered.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Bacterial laryngotracheitis associated with toxic shock syndrome in an adult.

Nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in adults has been associated with various staphylococcal respiratory tract infections, including pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, and postinfluenza respiratory tract infections. In children, nonmenstrual TSS has also been described as a complication of bacterial tracheitis. We describe the case of a 40-year-old woman who presented with laryngotracheitis as well as clinical and laboratory evidence of TSS. Culture of her sputum samples yielded pure growth of Staphylococcus aureus, which was shown to produce TSS toxin 1 (TSST-1). The patient responded promptly to therapy with iv clindamycin. We discuss the association of TSS with staphylococcal laryngotracheitis and the role of clindamycin in the treatment of TSS. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of TSS complicating laryngotracheitis in adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Neomycin absorption following Clagett procedure for postpneumonectomy empyema.

Following a Clagett stage II procedure, significant amounts of neomycin are absorbed when concentrations of 0.25% neomycin (8.9 micrograms milliliter) are used. If higher concentrations are employed, the neomycin can achieve toxic levels (40 micrograms per milliliter), with associated renal toxicity and respiratory suppression. The peel of the empyema cavity does not prevent absorption of drugs. Therefore, when drugs are inserted into an empyema cavity, due care must be exerted to prevent drug toxicity.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

Inhaled antibiotics in cystic fibrosis: is there a therapeutic effect?

Antibiotics are administered to patients with cystic fibrosis to eliminate or suppress sputum bacteria. Aerosol administration is attractive because it delivers antibiotic directly to the site of infection. Effective aerosol administration is compromised by the inefficiency of nebulizers to generate small-particle aerosols, adverse airway reaction to the drug, potential emergence of resistant bacteria, and cost. Studies evaluating aerosol treatment have not always controlled for confounding factors and have used a variety of outcome indicators. Results of controlled studies are contradictory with regard to the beneficial effect of aerosol therapy on pulmonary function, sputum bacterial density, and frequency of hospitalization. Therefore, until additional well-controlled trials are completed, routine aerosol administration of antibiotics in cystic fibrosis is not warranted because of cost, potential side effects, and the propensity to select resistant organisms.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2004

Staphylococcus aureus, but not Staphylococcus epidermidis, modulates the oxidative response and induces apoptosis in human neutrophils.

S. epidermidis is the most common isolate in foreign body infections. The aim of this study was to understand why S. epidermidis causes silent biomaterial infections. In view of the divergent inflammatory responses S. epidermidis and S. aureus cause in patients, we analyzed how they differ when interacting with human neutrophils. Neutrophils interacting with S. epidermidis strains isolated either from granulation tissue covering infected hip prostheses or from normal skin flora were tested by measuring the oxidative response as chemiluminescence and apoptosis as annexin V binding. Different S. aureus strains were tested in parallel. All S. epidermidis tested were unable to modulate the oxidative reaction in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and did not provoke, but rather inhibited, apoptosis. In contrast, some S. aureus strains enhanced the oxidative reaction, and this priming capacity was linked to p38-mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (p38-MAPK) activation and induction of apoptosis. Our results may explain why S. epidermidis is a weak inducer of inflammation compared to S. aureus, and therefore responsible for the indolent and chronic course of S. epidermidis biomaterial infections.

Annexin A5↗
PubMed1997

[Acute respiratory failure associated with G-CSF-induced leukocyte recovery in three patients with preceding infection].

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) occurred at the time of leukocyte recovery promoted by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in three patients with the preceding infection (S. aureus pneumonia, varicella zoster, and P. aeruginosa bacteremia, respectively) which had developed during leukopenia after cancer chemotherapy. G-CSF was used for 4 to 6 days, and the leukocyte counts at onset of ARF were 19,300/microliter, 11,300/microliter, and 4,100/microliter, respectively. All of the three patients received high-dose methylprednisolone and the artificial respiration was used in two. Consequently two patients responded well and survived, but one died of respiratory failure 2 weeks after occurrence of ARF. Autopsy of the dead case revealed mild interstitial pneumonia in the both lungs together with bacterial pneumonia in the right lobe. These cases indicate that G-CSF-induced leukocyte recovery can cause severe ARF in patients with precending infection. Therefore, G-CSF should be administered very carefully to granulocytopenic patients with infection.

Acute Disease↗