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PubMed1976

Characterization of the antibiotic resistance plasmid ERL1 from Streptococcus pyogenes.

The streptococcal plasmid ERL1 determining inducible resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin, and staphylomycin S was isolated by dye-buoyant density centrifugation and shown to have a molecular weight of about 17.5 Mdal, as revealed by sedimentation through neutral sucrose gradients. In SM60 cells entering the stationary phase its covalently closed circular form was present to the extent of 5 copies per chromosomal genome equivalent, ERL1 was subject to the DNA restriction and modification mechanism discovered in strain 56188. It did not appear to exercise restriction of phage DNA but mediated a partial release of the restricted growth of A25.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1981

[Current animal feeds with antimicrobial activity].

Among the growth-promoting substances and factors contributing to fodder utilization in growing farm animals, also called nutritive, ergotropic means, the antibiotics and some synthetic chemotherapeutics have acquired special importance. To avoid the hazardous effect in humans consuming products of animal origin there should be no residual amounts of these stimulating agents in such products. That is why it has been assumed in a number of countries to use for the same purpose only nutritive means that are not applied as therapeutic agents. Such means should neither induce resistence to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in microorganism nor should they be resorbed by the alimentary tract (or resorption should be negligible) or they are rapidly eliminated from the animal body, leaving no residual amounts. They should likewise act chiefly against gram-positive organisms, inducing no allergic reactions in the animals. Described are the following nutritive antibiotics: flavophospholipol (bambermycin, menomycin--flavomycin, producing a nutritive effect also in ruminants with a developed forestomach, and rebuilds sensitivity in antibiotic-resistant organisms belonging to Enterobacteriaceae), avoparcin (avotan--also active in ruminants with a developed forestomach), virginiamycin (staphylomycin--escalin, stafac), zincbacitracin (bacipharmin, baciferm), grisin (kormogrisin, of a road spectrum, with an antimycotic effect, raising the fertilization rate and activating phagocitosis), vitamycin-A (vitamycin--active also at retinol deficiency, lambdamycin, nosiheptide (primofax), efrotomycin. Due consideration is given to such chemotherapeutics as nitrovin (payson, paison), carbadox (mecadox, fortigro, of a broad spectrum retained for a longer period in the body of pigs), olaquindox (bio-N-celbar--of a broad spectrum, particularly with regard to gram-negative organisms, applied at present as a therapeutic and prophylactic preparation), cyadox (with a broad sprectrum). The following polyether ionophoric antibiotics are mentioned: monensine (rumensine, elancoban), lassalocide (avatek, lasotek), slinomycin(eustin, ustin, coxistac), lonomycin (emercide), harasine. Dosage rates and other data are given characterising the respective preparations.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

[Nutritive action of flavophospholipol and virginiamycin on broiler pullets].

Studied were some of the aspects of the antibiotic treatment with flavophospholipol (moenomycin) as the preparation flavomycin, and virginiamycin (staphylomycin) as the preparation escalin in a premix form as an animal formula. It was found that the antibiotics tested acted as nutrients: they had a positive effect on the growth and feed conversion. They raised the production of meat and improved the quality of the meat product in terms of higher protein and mineral contents. They also influenced favorably the deposition of cyanocobalamin in the liver, the RNA: DNA ratio in the liver and pancreas, and the content of blood proteins. These antibiotics did not lead to the retention of residual amounts in the muscles and viscera. Both preparations proved useful for the practice. Flavophospholipol is of interest thanks to its easier dosing and positive effect on the cyanocobalamin and ubichinon deposition in the liver and partly as its stimulative action.

Animal Feed↗