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Results for “STOMACH DILATATION”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Gastroschisis: are prenatal ultrasonographic findings useful for assessing the prognosis?

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess various prenatal patterns in correlation with survival and the occurrence of complications of antenatally recognized gastroschisis (G). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 34 cases of G. Mortality and morbidity in the postnatal period were assessed and correlated with the prenatal presence or absence of: (1) bowel and/or stomach dilatation, (2) thickening and/or hyperechogenicity of the intestinal wall, (3) meconium peritonitis (in the abdomen) before 20 weeks of gestation, (4) asymmetrical bowel dilatation, and (5) associated malformations. Morbidity took into account the length of hospitalization and the number of surgical procedures. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 94%. Neither bowel nor stomach dilatation was significantly correlated with mortality. However, evidence of intestinal dilatation greater than 17 mm had a positive predictive value of 67% for atresia, with a negative predictive value of 86%. Thickening and/or hyperechogenicity of the bowel wall were not significantly associated with mortality. Meconium peritonitis before 20 weeks and asymmetrical bowel dilatation were not statistically significant because of the small sample size. Twelve patients (35.3%) had postnatal complications, with a mean hospital stay of 127 days. Outcome was not modified by the mode of delivery. Associated extradigestive anomalies were present in 20.6% of cases. Chromosomal anomalies were not seen. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of prenatally detected G is excellent despite the frequency of small bowel atresia (67%) in the group with postnatal complications. Meconium peritonitis before 20 weeks of gestation and/ or asymmetrical bowel dilatation also appear to be indicators of atresia (2/4, 50%) or high morbidity (3/4, 75%).

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2001

Spontaneous esophageal perforation related to a duodenal ulcer with pyloric stenosis: report of a case.

This report describes a case of spontaneous esophageal perforation that was considered to be etiologically related to a duodenal ulcer with pyloric stenosis. The patient was a 54-year-old Japanese man who presented following the sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and dyspnea after an episode of vomiting. He had a history of duodenal ulcer. Computed tomography revealed an extremely dilated stomach containing abundant food residue, intraabdominal effusion, bilateral pleural effusion, and mediastinal emphysema, findings that strongly suggested esophageal perforation. Esophagoscopy confirmed perforation of the lower esophagus. Laparotomy revealed marked contamination, including food residue in the abdominal cavity, and a severely dilated stomach attributed to pyloric stenosis caused by a duodenal ulcer. A 2-cm longitudinal perforation was found on the right side of the lower esophagus. Because the patient's general condition was too poor to tolerate a one-stage operation (primary closure of the perforation, gastrectomy, and reconstruction), we initially performed decompression gastrostomy and control of the esophageal leakage with T-tube placement. Following the T-tube was removed 1 month later, distal gastrectomy and reconstruction of the gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II method) could be safely performed.

Digestive System Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1989

Isolated Crohn's disease of the stomach.

Crohn's disease can involve any portion of the digestive tract, but isolated gastric Crohn's disease is a rare entity. In the few previously reported cases, the inflammatory disorder has involved only a portion of the stomach. Herein we describe a patient with diffuse involvement of the entire stomach and an associated gastrosplenic fistula but no evidence of involvement elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Usually, a patient with isolated Crohn's disease of the stomach will have the clinical symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain and radiographic evidence of a small contracted stomach (or, occasionally, a huge dilated stomach). Because the condition may suggest the presence of a malignant lesion and biopsy specimens often reveal nonspecific inflammation, surgical resection is usually necessary for diagnosis of isolated Crohn's disease of the stomach.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1997

New aspects of gastric adaptive relaxation, reflex after food intake for more food: involvement of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves and nitric oxide.

To accommodate the intake of food or liquid, gastric reservoir functions are important as the physiological reflex. There exist two major responses as a reservoir function of the stomach; adaptive and receptive relaxations. Adaptive relaxation is a reflex in which the fundus of the stomach dilates in response to small increases in intragastric pressure when food enters the stomach. Receptive relaxation is a reflex in which the gastric fundus dilates when food passes down the pharynx and the esophagus. The mechanisms of these two types of functional responses are to some extent different, although a nitric oxide (NO) dependent non adrenergic, non cholinergic neural pathway is involved in the both relaxation reflexes. Adaptive relaxation is an intragastric pressure induced reflex. Stretch of the gastric wall activates the mechanoreceptors in gastric mucosa (Mu), which generate impulses carried by the capsaicin-sensitive afferent sensory neuron. The sensory neuron can synapse on the inhibitory efferent neuron directly or activate it via interneurons of the myenteric plexus. This leads to the release of NO from the nitroxergic efferent neuron, which causes relaxation of circular muscle and hence of the fundus. Alternatively, an axon reflex causes the NO release from the sensory neuron, resulting in hexamethonium resistant gastric relaxation. Receptive relaxation is mediated by vagal motor fibers. In contrast with the pressure-induced adaptive relaxation, ganglionic nicotinic transmission is essential in the vagally induced relaxation. VIP and CGRP are important neurotransmitters of the inhibitory sensory neuron, which, however, may not mediate both adaptive and receptive relaxations. Disorders of these reservoir functions result in symptoms of early satiety and anorexia, which are the major symptoms of patients with functional dyspepsia.

Adaptation, Physiological↗