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PubMed1979

Spectrophotometric analysis of binary mixtures of sulfonamides.

Different methods for analyzing binary mixtures by using 2 wavelengths are reviewed. The absorbance ratio calculated at 2 wavelengths, not including the isoabsorptive point, was a quadratic function of relative concentration. The curve-fitting process using orthogonal polynomials was applied to obtain the quadratic equation. An absorbance ratio can be used as a rapid purity index for sulfacetamide sodium in the presence of sulfanilamide. Sulfacetamide sodium has been determined in eye drop preparations.

Ophthalmic Solutions↗
PubMed1992

Sulfonamide residues in eggs.

In two series of experiments lasting 3 days each, laying hens were medicated with sulfonamides via the drinking water. In the first experiment 8 laying hens were given sulfaquinoxaline (SQ) at a dose rate of 400 mg/l, while in the second trial 16 laying hens received a 3:5:5 sulfonamide mixture containing sulfaquinoxaline (SQ), sulfadimidine (SDI) and sulfamerazine (SMN), at a dose of 390 mg/l. According to the water consumption data, the hens' daily sulfonamide intake was 53.6 and 56.9 mg/kg body mass, respectively. Eggs laid during and in the first 10 days after the treatment were collected and assayed for sulfonamide residues by spectrophotometry. The detection limit of the method was 0.16 mg/l and the recovery percentage was between 70 and 80%. Sulfonamide was found to appear already in eggs laid after the first day of treatment. The absorption half-life of the drug was 0.4-0.6 day in the egg-white and 0.93-1.08 day in the egg-yolk. Peak drug level in the egg-white was measured on the last day of medication, while in the egg-yolk within 3 days after the end of treatment. The residue measured in the yolk was 13-16% of that found in the egg-white. Acetylated sulfonamide could be measured in the yolk for 3 days after the treatment: its level reached 15%. On the basis of the elimination rate, complete elimination of sulfonamides requires at least 5.2-7.4 days. Therefore, observance of the generally accepted withdrawal time of 10 days is indispensable.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Specific TLC tissue residue determination of sulfadiazine following fluorescamine derivatization.

A spectrodensitometric method for the direct determination of sulfadiazine at the tissue residue level (0.1 ppm) is based upon the measurement of the fluorescence of a sulfadiazine-fluorescamine derivative formed directly on a TLC plate by dipping it into a fluorescamine solution. The linear dynamic range for the assay is about 150 from 200 to 0.2 ng, the lower limit of sensitivity. Recoveries from various spiked tissues including milk, eggs, liver, kidneys, muscle, skin, and fat varied with the tissue type but were reproducible. The assay technique has also been used for the assay of sulfamethoxazole and has been explored for use in specifically assaying sulfonamide mixtures.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

[SULFONAMIDES].

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4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1977

Anticoccidial activity of eight compounds in domestic mink.

Eight compounds were tested for anticoccidial activity in 44 domestic mink (Mustela vision). A treatment group consisted of 4 mink exposed to 2 inoculumns of sporulated oocysts on day 0 and day 22 of the experiments. Each inoculum contained 2,000 Isospora laidlawi, 2,000 Eimeria vision, and 2,000 Eimeria sp. One compound was administered to each treatment group; a control of 4 juvenile mink and a control group of 4 adult mink were designated. All treatments were given each day for 30 days after the initial exposure, except lincomycin which was administered for 14 days. In juvenile mink (3 to 4 months old), amprolium at dose level of 0.012% and sulfaquinoxaline at dose level of 0.024% in the water inhibited almost all of the oocyst production when compared with that of the control group. Lincomycin injected at dose level of 5 mg/day/mink was ineffective in suppressing oocyst production. In adult mink (2 to 4 years) monensin sodium at dose level of 0.012% a commercial antiobiotic-sulfonamide mixture at dose level of 0.49%, and lasalocid solium at dose level of 0.01% in the feed inhibited almost 100% oocyst production. Lasalocid sodium at dose level of 0.10% in the feed was lethal to 3 to 4 mink. Sulfamethazine at dose level of 0.014% and sulfathiazole at 0.014% in the feed had limited anticoccidial activities.

Amprolium↗