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PubMed1997

Actinobacillus suis strains isolated from healthy and diseased swine are clonal and carry apxICABDvar. suis and apxIICAvar. suis toxin genes.

Actinobacillus suis isolates recovered from both healthy and diseased pigs were characterized by biochemical testing, serotyping, restriction endonuclease fingerprinting, and apx toxin gene typing. The clinical isolates analyzed were collected over a 10-year period from approximately 40 different locations in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Little variation in the biochemical profiles of these isolates was seen, and all isolates reacted strongly with rabbit antisera prepared against one of the strains. Similarly, by using BamHI and BglII for restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (REF) analysis, all isolates were found to belong to a single REF group. Minor variations could be detected, especially in the BglII fingerprints, but overall the patterns were remarkably similar. Sequences that could be amplified by PCR with primers to the apxICA and apxIICA genes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were detected in all strains. Although no amplification was obtained with primers to the A. pleuropneumoniae apxIBD genes, sequences with homology to apxIBD were detected by hybridization. There was no evidence of apxIII homologs. Taken together, these data suggest that A. suis isolates are genotypically and phenotypically very similar, regardless of their source, and that they contain genes similar to, but not identical to, the apxICABD and apxIICA genes of A. pleuropneumoniae.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence of O1/K1- and O2/K3-reactive Actinobacillus suis in healthy and diseased swine.

A cell surface antigen-typing system was devised for the swine pathogen Actinobacillus suis and used to examine the prevalence of different lipopolysaccharide (O) types in healthy and diseased pigs. The strains examined in this study were isolated from a variety of locations in Canada and from Kansas. Lipopolysaccharide preparations of 151 isolates of A. suis were characterized by immunoblotting using polyclonal antisera generated to strains SO4 (O1/K1), H89-1173 (O2/K3), and VSB 3714, a rough strain. Approximately 54% (62 of 114) of A. suis isolates from diseased pigs, all (11 of 11) isolates from healthy pigs, and all (4 of 4) reference strains reacted with O1/K1 antiserum. More than 80% (18 of 22) of A. suis strains used for bacterin production and approximately 41% (47 of 114) of isolates from diseased pigs bound O2/K3 antiserum. One isolate appeared to be rough, and five were untypeable. O1/K1- and O2/K3-reactive strains were equally prevalent in Kansas, whereas O2/K3-reactive strains were more common in Québec and western Canada and O1/K1 strains were most common in Ontario. The fact that virtually all of the strains submitted for bacterin production were O2/K3-reactive strains is consistent with the notion that these strains may be more virulent than O1/K1 strains; alternatively, this may reflect geographic or other biases. In addition, we observed cross-reactivity between A. suis cell surface antigens and swine antisera to several other important pathogens. This finding may explain why previous attempts to develop a simple serodiagnostic test for A. suis have been unsuccessful.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed2003

[Porcine malignant catarrhal fever: diagnostic findings and first detection of the pathogenic agent in diseased swine in Switzerland].

For the first time Ovine Herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) was identified in Swiss pigs as the causative agent of Porcine Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF). Diseased animals from two farms were observed to show weakness, anorexia, fever up to 41 degrees C, and neurological symptoms, i.e. ataxia, convulsions and hyperesthesia, erosion on the snout and in the oral and nasal mucosa, as well as multiple skin lesions. Histopathological findings included severe non-purulent inflammation with mononuclear cell infiltration in several organs. Most dominant were meningo-encephalitis, disseminated nephritis as well as purulent catarrhalic bronchopneumonia. The findings were quite reminiscent of the lesions due to MCF in cattle and give therefore substantial proof to use Porcine Malignant Catarrhal Fever as the term for the disease. Identification of the causative agent was done with a quantitative PCR specific for OvHV-2. Different tissues from diseased animals were positive. Furthermore, one animal which had been ill for more than five days tested positive for antibodies against an epitope conserved among MCF viruses. Serum samples from diseased animals reacted negative towards Classical Swine Fever- and Pseudorabies virus antigen. A weakly positive reaction against porcine enterovirus type I argued against the involvement of enteroviruses in the observed disease. Moreover, by means of different conventional PCRs, we detected the newly discovered porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses for the first time in Switzerland and could at the same time exclude their involvement in Porcine Malignant Catarrhal Fever.

Animals↗