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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Construction workers' perceptions of management safety practices: a qualitative investigation.

BACKGROUND AND GOALS: The purpose of this study was to identify perceptions of management safety practices from the viewpoint of union and nonunion construction workers. A complementary investigation was conducted with construction managers. METHODS: A semi-structured interview guide was used to elicit information from 64 workers (95% male) in ten focus groups. Questions were designed to elicit information about management practices that facilitate or discourage safe working conditions, including communication style, attitude, expectations, and unspoken messages. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Workers identified management commitment to safety, concern for workers, congruence between spoken messages and practice, professionalism, and communication skills as key qualities in successful managers. Workers provided vivid examples of excellent and poor management strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Construction managers play a pivotal role in the definition and implementation of safety practices in the workplace and workers look to them for guidance and modeling. Given the high rates of injury in construction, deeply imbedded protective policies that rely on input from a broad range of stakeholders, including construction workers, should be developed.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2005

The food safety management system.

A comprehensive food safety strategy involves establishing risk management goals, food safety objectives and, for production systems, performance objectives and performance criteria. The working instructions for each step of the process should be validated for their effect before integration within a specific HACCP plan. The importance of realistic inactivation models to predict the hygienic equivalence of food processing operations is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Investigation of radiation safety management of nuclear medicine facilities in Japan; contamination of radioactivity in the draining-water system. A Working Group of Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine for the Guidelines of Nuclear Medicine Therapy].

Radiation safety management condition in Japanese nuclear medicine facilities were investigated by the questionnaire method. The first questionnaire was asked in all Japanese 1,401 Nuclear Medicine facilities. Answers from 624 institutes (44.5%) were received and analyzed. The radiation-safety management in nuclear medicine institutes was considered to be very well performed everyday. Opinion for the present legal control of nuclear medicine institutes was that the regulation in Japan was too strict for the clinical use of radionuclides. The current regulation is based on the assumption that 1% of all radioactivity used in nuclear medicine institutes contaminates into the draining-water system. The second questionnaire detailing the contamination of radioactivity in the draining-water system was sent to 128 institutes, and 64 answers were received. Of them, 42 institutes were considered to be enough to evaluate the contamination of radioactivity in the draining-water system. There was no difference between 624 institutes answered to the first questionnaire and 42 institutes, where the radioactivity in the draining-water system was measured, in the distribution of the institute size, draining-water system equipment and the radioactivity measuring method, and these 42 institutes seemed to be representative of Japanese nuclear medicine institutes. Contamination rate of radioactivity into the draining system was calculated by the value of radioactivity in the collecting tank divided by the amount of radionuclides used daily in each institute. The institutes were divided into two categories on the basis of nuclear medicine practice pattern; type A: in-vivo use only and type B: both in-vivo and in-vitro use. The contamination rate in 27 type A institutes did not exceed 0.01%, whereas in 15 type B institutes the contamination rate distributed widely from undetectable to above 1%. These results indicated that the present regulation for the draining-water system, which assumed that 1% of all radioactivity used in nuclear medicine institutes contaminated into draining-water system, should be reconsidered in nuclear medicine facilities where radionuclides are used only in in-vivo studies.

Health Facilities↗
PubMed2004

[A questionnaire about radiation safety management of the draining-water system at nuclear medicine facilities].

We conducted a questionnaire survey about radiation-safety management condition in Japanese nuclear medicine facilities to make materials of proposition for more reasonable management of medical radioactive waste. We distributed a questionnaire to institutions equipped with Nuclear Medicine facilities. Of 1,125 institutions, 642 institutes (52.8%) returned effective answers. The questionnaire covered the following areas: 1) scale of an institution, 2) presence of enforcement of radiotherapy, 3) system of a tank, 4) size and number of each tank, 5) a form of draining-water system, 6) a displacement in a radioactive rays management area, 7) a measurement method of the concentration of medical radioactive waste in draining water system, 8) planned and used quantity of radioisotopes for medical examination and treatment, 9) an average displacement of hospital for one month. In most institutions, a ratio of dose limitation of radioisotope in draining-water system was less than 1.0, defined as an upper limitation in ordinance. In 499 hospitals without facilities of hospitalization for unsealed radioisotope therapy, 473 hospitals reported that sum of ratios of dose limits in a draining-water system was less than 1.0. It was calculated by used dose of radioisotope and monthly displacement from hospital, on the premise that all used radioisotope entered in the general draining-water system. When a drainage including radioactivity from a controlled area join with that from other area before it flows out of a institution, it may be diluted and its radioactive concentration should be less than its upper limitation defined in the rule. Especially, in all institutions with a monthly displacement of more than 25,000 m3, the sum of ratio of the concentration of each radionuclide to the concentration limit dose calculated by used dose of radioisotope, indicated less than 1.0.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Occupational health and safety management systems in the Canadian pulp and paper industry: methods of auditing.

The Canadian Pulp and Paper Association has developed eight "Guiding Principles for Management of Occupational Health and Safety" (OH&S) for its member companies. As part of a study to assess member companies' OH&S activities, an on-site audit was performed for 11 sites. The audit assessed five key components of a management system for a number of OH&S activities. Management-system components more likely to be in place included system ownership and goals and procedures, whereas measures of performance, a review of measures, and corrective action were less likely to be present. Environmental surveillance and injury reduction were most actively monitored, as indicated by the number of measures of performance relating to these activities. The auditing process demonstrated leadership and communicated the OH&S priorities of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association to the sites.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving safety management in health care organizations.

This article explores reducing workplace accidents and resulting injuries through the introduction of better safety management programs in health care organizations. It examines the benefits of such programs and discusses causes of accidents. It presents components considered necessary for inclusion in an effective accident prevention program.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

Practical implementation of good practice in health, environment and safety management in enterprise in the Lodz region.

OBJECTIVES: Good practice in health, environment and safety management in enterprise (GP HESME) is the process that aims at continuous improvement in health, environment and safety performance, involving all stakeholders within and outside the enterprise. The GP HESME system is intended to function at different levels: international, national, local community, and enterprise. METHODS: The most important issues at the first stage of GP HESME implementation in the Lodz region are described. Also, the proposals of future activities in Lodz are presented. RESULTS: Practical implementation of GP HESME requires close co-operation among all stakeholders: local authorities, employers, employees, research institutions, and the state inspectorate. The WHO and the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM) are initiating implementation, delivering professional consultation, education and training of stakeholders in the NIOM School of Public Health. The implementation of GP HESME in the Lodz region started in 1999 from a WHO meeting on criteria and indicators, followed by close collaboration of NIOM with the city's Department of Public Health. 'Directions of Actions for Health of Lodz Citizens' is now the city's official document that includes GP HESME as an important part of public health policy in Lodz. Several conferences were organized by NIOM together with the Professional Managers' Club, Labor Inspection, and the city's Department of Public Health to assess the most important needs of enterprises. The employers and managerial staff, who predominated among the participants, stated the need for tailored sets of indicators and economic appraisal of GP HESME activities. Special attention is paid to GP HESME in supermarkets and community-owned enterprises, e.g., a local transportation company. A special program for small- and medium-size enterprises will be the next step of GP HESME in the Lodz region. CONCLUSION: The implementation of GP HESME is possible if the efforts of local authorities; research institutions and state inspectorate are combined with the support of employers' organizations.

Environment Design↗
PubMed2004

Managing safety and risk: the experiences of people with Parkinson's disease who use alternative and complementary therapies.

In this article I focus on how individuals living with Parkinson's disease manage safety and risk in their participation in alternative and complementary health care. I take a qualitative approach in this research, using semi-structured interviews and grounded theory techniques as means of generating and analysing data. My analysis centres on how these informants construct certain therapies as risk free and therefore safe, and others as risky and thus, inherently unsafe. I discuss the knowledge bases these informants draw on in their evaluations and describe the social contexts in which these assessments take place. While there is a substantial literature on risk in general, as well as the risk society, there has been less interest in micro-level analysis of risk. This article therefore contributes to knowledge through its focus on management of safety and risk in individuals' health-seeking behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Survey and analysis of radiation safety management systems at medical institutions--second report: radiation measurement, calibration of radiation survey meters, and periodic check of installations, equipment, and protection instruments].

We carried out a questionnaire survey to determine the actual situation of radiation safety management measures in all medical institutions in Japan that had nuclear medicine facilities. The questionnaire consisted of questions concerning the evaluation of shielding capacity; radiation measurement; periodic checks of installations, equipment, and protection instruments; and the calibration of radiation survey meters. The analysis was undertaken according to region, type of establishment, and number of beds. The overall response rate was 60 percent. For the evaluation of shielding capacity, the outsourcing rate was 53 percent of the total. For the radiation measurements of "leakage radiation dose and radioactive contamination" and "contamination of radioactive substances in the air," the outsourcing rates were 28 percent and 35 percent of the total, respectively (p<0.001, according to region and establishment). For the periodic check of radiation protection instruments, the implementation rate was 98 percent, and the outsourcing rate was 32 percent for radiation survey meters and 47 percent for lead aprons. The non-implemented rate for calibration of radiation survey meters was 25 percent of the total (p<0.001, according to region and establishment). The outsourcing rate for calibration of radiation survey meters accounted for 87 percent of the total, and of these medical institutions, 72 percent undertook annual calibration. The implementation rate for patient exposure measurement was 20 percent of the total (p<0.001, according to number of beds), and of these medical institutions 46 percent recorded measurement outcome.

Calibration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of an occupational health and safety management system performance measurement tool-III: measurement of initiation elements.

With the proliferation of occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS) in the 1990s, an assessment instrument was developed at the University of Michigan to measure a wide range of OHSMSs. Due to the range of systems it was designed to measure, the instrument is referred to as a universal assessment instrument (UAI). Initial evaluation of the instrument's first four sections is reported here. This study shows that the UAI's initiation measurement criteria and measurement scales could make distinctions between the OHS management systems at three test sites. This was particularly evident in the case in an organization in which a standards-based OHSMS was not implemented. In this case the UAI's two measurement scales could distinguish between areas that were being developed (development scale) and areas that were in conformance with the measurement criteria (conformance scale). The score totals were consistent with the qualitative assessment using case study methods during field pilot testing; with the exception of Section 2.0, Employee Participation, in which scoring at one test site was not consistent with case study findings. It is suggested that the variables/measures presented in the UAI's OHSMS initiation organizing category may contain performance measures that may serve as key leading indicators of overall OHS performance.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2003

[Establishment and effect of the drug safety management monitoring system].

Early detection and early treatment of adverse drug reactions have recently become more important. It is natural that physicians should treat adverse drug reactions carefully, but it is also important to establish a system for their early systematic detection and treatment. Therefore, by comparing current data with that preserved in our clinical laboratory's data management registry and identifying values significantly different from earlier values, we established a screening system for any condition which may have a possible relationship with drugs and feeds back the results to the physician(s) in charge (drug safety management monitoring system). The effectiveness of the system was then evaluated. The subjects were outpatients who visited the Diabetes Endocrine Metabolism Center of our hospital during a six-month period. Cases where the possibility of a relationship between abnormal changes of laboratory data and drugs was not ruled out were reported to the attending physician using a drug safety monitoring report form. In 14 of 34 cases reported, a relationship with drugs could not be ruled out. Two of these 14 cases were reported to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare because they were serious. Therefore, it was concluded that this system was useful for early detection of adverse reactions.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2006

Laser-scan endoscope system for intraoperative geometry acquisition and surgical robot safety management.

In laparoscopic surgery, surgeons find particular difficulties related to the operation technique. Due to restricted view, lack of depth information from the monocular endoscope and limited degree of freedom, surgeons find their movements impeded. A support system that provides improved laparoscopic vision would help to overcome the difficulties. If real-time visualization of abdominal structures were feasible, more accurate procedures and improved quantitative evaluations in laparoscopic surgery might be possible. In this study, a laser-scan endoscope system was developed to acquire and visualize the shape and texture of the area of interest instantaneously. The intraoperative geometric information of deformable organ could be applied for robotic safety management via geometric computation of robot position and organ shape. Results of in vivo experiments on a pig liver verified effectiveness of the proposed system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of an occupational health and safety management system performance measurement tool-II: scoring methods and field study sites.

With the proliferation of occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMSs) in the 1990s, an assessment instrument was developed at the University of Michigan to measure a wide range of OHSMSs. Due to the range of systems it was designed to measure, the instrument is referred to as a universal assessment instrument (UAI). This article is part of a series of UAI-related articles and presents methods used in the UAI's initial field evaluation efforts. The UAI's measurement scale, case study methods, data management methods, and test site selection criteria are presented. Three test sites were selected from a pool of 15 that responded to a study solicitation. The case study methods, measurement scales, and data management system were found to be effective in performing the initial validation efforts. It is concluded that the qualitative methods used were effective in collecting the necessary information to further understand the complex nature of management system measurement. Companion articles address the actual evaluation assessment.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational health and safety management systems.

There is a need for OHS management systems that can be integrated with systems for the management of other organizational priorities including quality, environment, productivity, and the like. The present article presents an overview of the draft Australian/New Zealand Standard on Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems as a step toward the development of such integrated systems. This draft standard presents a five-stage process of OHS management. The five stages--commitment and policy, planning, implementation, measurement and evaluation, and management review and improvement--will create a cycle of activity that can lead to the continual improvement of processes and systems for OHS management in the workplace.

Australia↗