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PubMed1992

Development shows some backbone. HFSP Workshop on Genetic Control of Vertebrate Development cosponsored by the Human Frontier Science Program, European Science Foundation, and European Molecular Biology Organization, Les Diablerets, Switzerland, May 26-30, 1991.

This meeting aptly illustrated the power of a combined analysis of development in a range of vertebrate systems. Each system has its own inherent strengths: the mouse has gene transfer technology and targeted mutagenesis, the frog and chick have experimental embryology, and the zebrafish has genetics. It is the synergistic effect of considering all of these systems in combination that is without measure. In the past, the study of vertebrate development has been relegated to a largely descriptive phase. Initially, this was through analysis of morphological changes taking place during development. More recently, this has taken the form of cataloging the expression patterns of genes transcribed in development. It is clear that we are now entering an era when a functional analysis of development can get underway.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Psychosomatic medicine between natural science and psychological science--tertium non datur?].

Psyche and soma are open to scientific-causal analysis for biomedicine as well as for social-empirical studies. Both are furthermore accessible to the ideographic discourse of subjective meanings and intentional acts. The German language marks this difference with the terms of "Körper" (body) and "Leib" (embodied soul--spirited body). The Bieri-trilemma demonstrates the resulting epistemological calamity. Neither the so-called behavioral medicine as variation of an ontologic-methodological materialism nor pure phenomenology of the sick subject lead the way out of such inconsistencies. Attempts of systemtheoretical mediation usually only prove their poor reviewing of traditional discussion. This paper outlines some of the currently interesting positions towards the so-called body-soul-problem in the field of psychosomatic medicine, at the same time warning against hasty expectations. We discuss the intentional-biographic approach, the biomedical approach (including the simultaneity correlation (Schultz-Hencke) as well as the brain-soul-correlationism (Kurthen and Linke). As our result we maintain the complementarity of a double discourse for psychosomatic medicine, namely the complementarity of hermeneutic analysis of meaningful processes and of bio-psycho-social casualties. The complementary discourse levels occasionally find their counterparts on an intersubjective-objective time-space-axis. For this we suggest the concept of socialempiric and biomedical markers. Attempts of mediation, be it from systemic-emergence-theoretical or from hermeneutic perspective of interaction forms and their interaction engrams corresponding to their central nervous substratum, turn out to be mystifications of actual incompatibilities, namely of the inevitably double discourse. For this the theory of absolute processes (W. Sellars) promises mediation, but so far no more.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arousal↗