SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Sorption Detoxification”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Sodium hypochlorite in the detoxification therapy of postresuscitation states].

The experiments on dogs recovered after a 10-min clinical death of acute blood loss have shown possible effective use of 300-500 mg/l sodium hypochlorite solution at a dose of 7-10 ml/kg for detoxication in the early postresuscitation period. A significant reduction in the level of toxemia within 3 hours of postresuscitation period, as compared to the control, promotes an increase in the percent of the animals survived and a more complete recovery of the neurological status. It has been shown in vitro than detoxication of lymph in septic patients was more effective using electrochemical oxidation, as compared to sorption on a carbon CKH sorbent, with lymph protein loss being significantly less. The technique of electrochemical liquid oxidation can be recommended as an alternative detoxicating technique in critical conditions.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2004

In vitro comparison of the molecular adsorbent recirculation system (MARS) and single-pass albumin dialysis (SPAD).

The detoxification capacities of single-pass albumin dialysis (SPAD), the molecular adsorbents recirculation system, (MARS) and continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) were compared in vitro. In each experiment 4,100 mL of toxin-loaded human plasma was processed for 6.5 hours. MARS treatment (n = 6) was undertaken in combination with CVVHDF. For SPAD (n = 6) and CVVHDF (n = 6) a high-flux hollow fiber hemodiafilter (identical to the MARS filter) was used. Levels of ammonia, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, and bile acids were determined. Concentrations before and after application of detoxification procedures were expressed as differences and were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Post hoc comparisons for pairs of groups were adjusted according to Bonferroni-Holm. Time, group, and interaction effects were tested using the nonparametric ANOVA model for repeated measurements. SPAD and CVVHDF induced a significantly greater reduction of ammonia levels than MARS. No significant differences were found among SPAD, MARS, and CVVHDF with respect to other water-soluble substances. SPAD induced a significantly greater reduction in bilirubin levels than MARS. Reductions in bile acid levels were similar for SPAD and MARS. When operating MARS in continuous veno-venous hemodialysis mode, as recommended by the manufacturer, no significant differences in the removal of bilirubin, bile acids, urea, and creatinine were found. However, MARS in continuous veno-venous hemodialysis mode was significantly less efficient in removing ammonia than MARS in CVVHDF mode. In conclusion, the detoxification capacity of SPAD is similar to or even greater than that of MARS.

Hemodialysis Solutions↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Equipment for blood detoxication in critical care of patients].

The paper deals with the development of a new more improved blood detoxicating system in critical patients. Based on the design of a [symbol: see text]-0.5 plasmapheresis device, the authors have designed a new [symbol: see text] 2-0.5 system, by including into the extracorporeal circuit the second rotor which cultures biologically active agents (hepatocytes, fragments of splenic and placental tissue) enhancing a patient's detoxification. The paper also outlines the operating principles of the [symbol: see text] K 2-0.5 device, its operational preparation and procedure.

Critical Care↗

PubMed2005

Particle leakage in extracorporeal blood purification systems based on microparticle suspensions.

AIM: The newly developed 'Microspheres based Detoxification System' (MDS) designed for any extracorporeal adsorption therapy uses microparticles as adsorbents characterized by a size of 1-20 microm in diameter which are recirculated in the secondary (filtrate) circuit connected to a hollow fiber filter located in the primary (blood) circuit. In the case of a leakage or rupture in the hollow fiber filter, microspheres can enter patients' blood circuits and cause embolic episodes in different organs with varying degrees of clinical relevance. Aim of this study was to determine the amount of particles infused to a patient during a long-term treatment under different failure conditions of the filter. METHODS: The filters were prepared by cutting single hollow fibers. Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and a mixture of glycerol and water were used as a medium together with microparticles potentially used in the MDS. The amounts of particles transferred from the filtrate into the primary circuit were measured. RESULTS: The analysis of particle transfer in the case of a single cut hollow fiber inside the membrane results in particle volumes of up to 26 ml calculated for 10 h. CONCLUSION: Particle leakage in microparticle suspension based detoxification systems can lead to considerable particle transfer to the patient. Therefore, a particle detection unit which is able to detect critical amounts of particles (<1 ml particle volume/treatment) in the extracorporeal blood line is necessary for patient safety.

Extracorporeal Circulation↗

PubMed2006

Comparison of specific adsorbents for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and therapeutic anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies: an in vitro sepsis model.

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), as a key mediator, represents a major point of attack in sepsis. Since it has been shown that systemic anti-TNF-alpha antibodies do not improve the situation of septic patients, the use of specific adsorption technology in the treatment of sepsis could have beneficial effects. METHODS: Magnetic beads coated with polyclonal or with monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies were investigated in vitro in order to analyze their ability to prevent TNF-alpha induced adhesion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Additionally, therapeutical monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies were proofed for inhibitory effects of TNF-alpha mediated activation of HUVECs. RESULTS: We have shown, in vitro, that beads coated with polyclonal or monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies were able to significantly reduce monocyte adhesion. It was possible to decrease monocyte adhesion from nearly 9% to 3% within 2 hours and from 18% to 2% within 6 hours of TNF-alpha treatment by the simultaneous use of beads coated with polyclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies. Beads coated with monoclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibodies could even prevent monocyte adhesion within the first 2 hours, and reduced monocyte adhesion to 2% during 6 hours of incubation with TNF-alpha. On the other hand, application of therapeutic anti-TNF-alpha antibodies showed no significant difference compared to the measured monocyte adhesion values of activated endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Adsorption techniques using specific adsorbents, possibly used in MDS (Microspheres-Based Detoxification System), are efficient in specific reduction of TNF-alpha and pathophysiological consequences, since monocyte adhesion at activated HUVECs was shown to be reduced.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2006

The Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) in the intensive care unit: a rescue therapy for patients with hepatic failure.

Treatment in the intensive care unit of patients with end-stage liver disease has been limited. Liver transplantation has been a major improvement in this and has become standard in the management of these patients. However, many patients die awaiting liver transplantation, mainly due to the scarcity of organ donors. Conventional hemodialysis techniques have little or no effect on liver detoxification and do not improve the prognosis of these patients. In patients with acute hepatic failure, the majority of endogenous toxins leading to organ failure and accumulating in the blood are bound to albumin; therefore, the concept of albumin dialysis is of major interest. To date, the most widely developed system has been the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS), which is based on the selective removal of albumin-bound toxins from the blood. MARS enables simultaneous liver and kidney detoxification, improving the patient's clinical condition. It is a major improvement in the management of patients with hepatic failure that could permit, when appropriately indicated, recovery from an acute episode and enhance the chances of survival while waiting for an available organ donor.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

[Substantiation and effectiveness of various methods of detoxification in burns].

On the basis of comparison of the intoxication manifestations at the cellular level, findings of blood toxicometry, and as well study of the factors of antitoxic resistance of an organism in 217 patients who suffered from burns, the indications for performance of basic transfusion therapy, extracorporeal detoxication of the blood, and also postsorptive transfusion therapy have been established.

Blood Transfusion↗

PubMed1994

[Extracorporeal detoxication in the treatment of peritonitis complicated with multiple organ insufficiency].

The article deals with experience in the use of filtration and combined methods of extracorporeal detoxification in 201 patients with peritonitis in the phase of polyorganic insufficiency. The methods were developed in the department of abdominal surgery of the Moscow Regional Scientific Research Clinical Institute. The authors show the indications for and the advantages, the mechanisms of the effect, and the results of bifiltration cascade exchange plasmapheresis, improved hemofiltration method, and selective detoxification of portal blood, and the combination of these methods with continuous membrane blood oxygenation. The mortality reduced from 46.6% in the control group to 26.5% in the main group.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Treatment of generalized forms of suppurative peritonitis in children].

The article deals with the experience in the treatment of 220 children with generalized forms of purulent peritonitis of various origin (appendicular, posttraumatic, consequence of destructive pancreatitis and other inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity). A scheme of therapeutic measures which were applied for the control of infection and endotoxicosis is given. They include homeostasis by means of extracorporeal detoxification, differentiated immunocorrection, quantum therapy, and other modern methods of treatment. Mortality among the patients was 5.9%, while before the introduction of the described methods into practice it was 13.2%.

Child↗

PubMed1993

[Extracorporal and endogenous detoxication in appendicular peritonitis in children].

The article deals with the method for detoxification of patients with diffuse and generalized peritonitis. Exogenous detoxification was accomplished by the open method for peritonitis management (laparotomy), endogenous detoxification was achieved by well-founded intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of proteolysis inhibitors. Comparison of the two groups of patients who were operated on showed marked reduction of mortality from 22.2% to 2.7% in generalized peritonitis and from 9.6% to zero in diffuse peritonitis.

Appendicitis↗

PubMed1992

[The affinity lavage of the abdominal cavity in diffuse peritonitis with liquid sorbents based on cross-linked dextrans].

Experiments were conducted on 35 Wistar rats with generalized purulent peritonitis. Twenty-four hours after infection the authors introduced into the animals' abdominal cavity gels of cross-linked dextrans with immobilized polymixin (50 mg/g dry weight) and terrilithin (100 PE/g dry weight), as well as a combination of these sorbents with 24-hour exposure in a 5 ml volume. The object of the study was the detoxification effect. The authors revealed a phenomenon of agglutination of red cells of an ox or rat sensitized by plasma of sick animals in mixing with sephadex G-200 granules with polymixin W immobilized on them. The agglutination titers determined the activity of the sorbent taking part in lavage of the abdominal cavity. The study showed that cross-linked dextrans with immobilized polymixin B and terrilithin introduced into the abdominal cavity in peritonitis are capable of extracting substrates possessing affinity to them, the polymixin sorbent raises the quality of careful mechanical lavage. Combination of gels based on cross-linked dextrans with enzymatic and affinity functions in relation to toxins leads to detoxification and restoration of the disturbed biochemical values by 87%.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1991

[Modern detoxication methods in surgical patients].

The therapeutic possibilities of peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and hemo- and lymphosorption in the treatment of the intoxication syndrome were studied in 786 patients. The causes of the intoxication syndrome were as follows: postoperative peritonitis (98), acute renal insufficiency of various etiology (493), acute hepatorenal insufficiency with exogenous poisoning (178), diffuse purulent peritonitis (11), pancreatogenic peritonitis (6). Enzymatic lavage and peritoneal dialysis were applied in 98 patients, hemodialysis methods in 493, hemosorption was conducted 360 times in 178 patients and lymphosorption in 17 patients. The efficacy of the modern methods of detoxification of the organism was demonstrated, which was evaluated from the patients' improved general condition, improvement of the values of hemodynamics, concentration of toxic metabolites and middle-mass molecules in the blood, and the results of the paramecium test.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of liquid sorbents based on chitosan for treatment of diffuse forms of peritonitis].

Chitosan-based gelatinous affinity sorbent containing 9 mg/ml of polymyxin B was injected into the infected peritoneal cavity for twenty-four hours for detoxification in diffuse peritonitis. The clinical assay of blood plasma (Spectrum Abbot, USA) revealed that the lavage of the infected abdomen by polymyxin B-containing adsorbent resulted in systemic detoxification. The effect was associated with normalization of direct bilirubin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, a 4-fold decrease in uric acid levels, and a 34-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, and a greater than 70-fold enhancement of hepatic aspartate aminotransferase activity.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Biosorption of heavy metals.

Only within the past decade has the potential of metal biosorption by biomass materials been well established. For economic reasons, of particular interest are abundant biomass types generated as a waste byproduct of large-scale industrial fermentations or certain metal-binding algae found in large quantities in the sea. These biomass types serve as a basis for newly developed metal biosorption processes foreseen particularly as a very competitive means for the detoxification of metal-bearing industrial effluents. The assessment of the metal-binding capacity of some new biosorbents is discussed. Lead and cadmium, for instance, have been effectively removed from very dilute solutions by the dried biomass of some ubiquitous species of brown marine algae such as Ascophyllum and Sargassum, which accumulate more than 30% of biomass dry weight in the metal. Mycelia of the industrial steroid-transforming fungi Rhizopus and Absidia are excellent biosorbents for lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and uranium and also bind other heavy metals up to 25% of the biomass dry weight. Biosorption isotherm curves, derived from equilibrium batch sorption experiments, are used in the evaluation of metal uptake by different biosorbents. Further studies are focusing on the assessment of biosorbent performance in dynamic continuous-flow sorption systems. In the course of this work, new methodologies are being developed that are aimed at mathematical modeling of biosorption systems and their effective optimization. Elucidation of mechanisms active in metal biosorption is essential for successful exploitation of the phenomenon and for regeneration of biosorbent materials in multiple reuse cycles. The complex nature of biosorbent materials makes this task particularly challenging. Discussion focuses on the composition of marine algae polysaccharide structures, which seem instrumental in metal uptake and binding. The state of the art in the field of biosorption is reviewed in this article, with many references to recent reviews and key individual contributions.

Biomass↗

PubMed1996

[The prevention of the hemorrhagic and pulmonary complications of extracorporeal detoxification in the multiple organ failure syndrome].

Based on an analysis of results of treatment of 216 patients with the syndrome of polyorganic insufficiency the authors have developed a method of extracorporal detoxication without using heparin. It includes preoperative haemodilution, administration of antithrombic deaggregating drugs. It leads to less amount of complications in efferent therapy of polyorganic insufficiency.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[The use of magnetic hemotherapy in combined detoxification in acute exogenous poisonings].

An original technique of magnetic hemotherapy has been tried in 110 patients with severe exogenic poisoning. The addition of the above hemotherapy raised the efficacy of combined detoxication due to correction of hemorheological and stabilization of hemodynamic parameters as indicated by diminished endotoxicosis, reduced lethality, prevention of somatic complications which when available became less severe.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

Nonbiological liver support: historic overview.

An effective hepatic assist system could serve as a bridge to transplantation or to treat acute or chronic hepatic failure. Early nonbiological approaches focused on the removal of low molecular weight toxins by dialysis or hemoperfusion, such as over charcoals or resins. This approach led to clinical trials that showed varying degrees of success. Introduction of more porous membranes and blood separation technologies stimulated the development of plasma exchange, on-line plasma fractionation technologies with sorbents and membranes, and other schemes of sorbent-blood interactions based on the principles of dialysis and hemofiltration with sorbent perfusion. Although detoxification of blood has improved the prognosis for acute liver failure, key issues of when to initiate treatment and by which method need to be resolved. In chronic liver disease, blood detoxification can be applied in patients intractable to conventional therapies and for some awaiting transplantation to relieve disease symptoms such as pruritus, jaundice, elevated bile acids, hyperbilirubinemia, endotoxemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Although biological support is considered the ideal, nonbiological techniques can be useful because hepatocytes possess a regenerative capacity and temporary support is helpful. Available nonbiological liver support technologies can substitute for select liver functions in acute and chronic disease.

Extracorporeal Circulation↗

PubMed1997

Bacterial endotoxins and nonspecific resistance.

The stress situations, including medical intervention (e.g. operations, antitumor drugs, irradiation, etc.) decrease the nonspecific resistance of the body. In these situations patients people have greater chance to get an opportunistic infection than healthy ones. The restoration or elevation of the activity of immune system in injured patients is a very important task of medicine. Minute amounts of bacterial endotoxin (LPS)--given parenterally--can elevate the nonspecific resistance. Unfortunately this beneficial influence is associated with noxious properties. Irradiation (60 Co-gamma; 150 kGy) is a good technique for the detoxification of LPS. The radiodetoxified endotoxin (RD-LPS) preparation (so-called TOLERIN) is less toxic but its beneficial properties is preserved. On the basis of animal experiments and clinical trials TOLERIN could be a suitable preparation for regeneration of the lymphoreticular-immune system and elevation of nonspecific resistance.

Adolescent↗