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PubMedDate not supplied

Brightness perceptive space in monkeys (rhesus macaques).

Operant differentiation was used to study black/white stimulus intensity discrimination (over the range 1-37 cd/m2; CIE-31 coordinates X = 0.340, Y = 0.304) in two monkeys (rhesus macaques). Confusion matrices were constructed from the probabilities that animals would make operant responses when required to select from pairs (a conditioned stimulus and one of 9 differentiation stimuli) of stimuli in 10 series of experiments with conditioned stimuli of 10 intensities. Correlation matrices for vectors consisting of stimuli in the confusion matrices were assessed by factor analysis for identification of their intrinsic vectors. A perceptive space of two-dimensional structure was obtained for the brightness of black/white stimuli, and the main characteristics of this were similar to those of the analogous perceptive spaces for humans, fish (carp), and rabbits. The coordinate axes of this space can be interpreted in terms of excitation of two intensity-encoding channels: light and dark.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality of space perception of moving objects in the aged].

The quality of visual spatial perception for movable objects clearly decreases in old age. This significantly concerns the dynamic visual acuity as well as the dynamic stereoscopy and the parallaktoskopy of motion. The main cause for this is the decrease of the association ability in the CNS during ageing, which leads to the loss of the exact sensomotoricity of the eyes. The senile changes were investigated by the binocular prism rotation device (n = 103) and the parallacto-scopometer (n = 79). The reduction of the dynamic vision in old age is above all important as tho the fitness for traffic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Visual object and space perception battery: normal values for children from 8 to 12].

BACKGROUND: Diagnostics of central visual perception is a relevant branch of developmental medicine and neuropsychological diagnostic efforts of morphological or functional lesions of the brain. However, no assessment battery for testing the central-visual perception in German-speaking children exists. PROBANDS AND METHOD: In 30 children, aged 8 - 12 years, the Visual Object and Space Perception Test Battery (VOSP) was applied. RESULTS: The group values were documented as standard values. Instructions and aims of the tests were well comprehended by the children. CONCLUSION: The VOSP is well applicable to children. Further studies examining correlation between the VOSP and clinical data are warranted.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Errors in space perception due to accommodative retinal advance.

Accommodative retinal advance may be defined as the forward shift of the entire retina from contracture of the ciliary muscle in accommodation. The anterior border moves forward 0.5 millimeters at maximum accommodation, with an asymmetrical distoriton of the image of space. It is as though the retinal image is projected on a thin sheet of rubber pulled out on three sides, the fourth being fixed by attachment to the optic nerve. Accommodative retinal advance explains some puzzling errors of space perception described in dozens of papers and monographs, usually attributed to unequal crowding of retinal receptors, or the mystical upper cerebral activity. The horopter error, the alley error, and the Aubert-Foerster phenomenon are discussed. Credit is given to those early experimenters whose theories have been confirmed.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1990

The relationship between form and space perception, constructional abilities, and clumsiness in children.

The Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) (Ayres, 1989) were administered to 21 children with learning disabilities and 18 children without learning disabilities, aged 5 to 8 years. The children with learning disabilities were divided into two groups, clumsy and nonclumsy, on the basis of their scores on the Test of Motor Impairment (Stott, Moyes, & Henderson, 1984). It was hypothesized that the learning-disabled children in the clumsy group would score significantly lower than the learning-disabled children in the nonclumsy group on the six SIPT subtests that measure form and space perception and visual construction and that the nonclumsy learning-disabled children, in turn, would score significantly lower than the non-learning-disabled children. It was further hypothesized that there would be a significant correlation between the degree of clumsiness and the degree of visual-perceptual and constructional deficits. An analysis of the data indicated that both groups of learning-disabled children scored lower than the non-learning-disabled children on four of the six SIPT subtests. The clumsy and nonclumsy children with learning disabilities, however, differed from each other on only two subtests. The degree of clumsiness correlated significantly with three of the six subtests. The results are discussed in terms of variations in perceptual and motor skills related to subtypes of learning disabilities.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Parietofrontal circuits for action and space perception in the macaque monkey.

The classical view of the functional role of the posterior parietal cortex has been radically changed in recent years. The parietal lobe is formed by a multiplicity of functionally distinct areas strongly and reciprocally connected in a rather selective way with the various areas forming the agranular frontal cortex (motor cortex). These connections-parietofrontal circuits-mediate, in parallel, the sensorimotor transformation for the control of specific actions. According to this view, space coding is now believed to be the result of the construction of multiple space representations that may be related to a specific class of actions. Therefore, the concept of one single parietal master center for space perception is no more tenable.

Animals↗