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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Computational fluid mechanical study of the convective heat transfer in a closed space simulating an infant incubator.

The uneven distribution of the ambient temperature in a model of an infant incubator was demonstrated using the computational fluid mechanical (CFM) simulation of the air flow. A finite volume method of CFM calculation was performed on a three-dimensional (3D) model of an infant incubator including a model baby. The time course of the temperature distribution was computed solving the heat transfer equations simultaneously with the momentum equations. An uneven temperature distribution was observed for a long period (60 s) after the warm inflow was introduced into the incubator chamber. The temperature distribution was complex in 3D space and unsteady even after a long time, suggesting that it may take a considerable time to settle and may continue to be unsteady even if the inflow velocity is steady.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1976

Renal osmoregulatory function during simulated space flight.

Experiments are described on the dynamics of the renal excretion of water and electrolytes, osmotically active substances and osmotically free water during bed rest. In short-term experiments (up to 10-14 days) renal changes are mainly associated with haemodynamic disturbances and fluid redistribution, whereas in longer duration experiments (up to 50 days) they are brought about by metabolic changes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of DNA damages and repair in human culture cells with simulated space radiation.

DNA damages and its repair of cultured WI38 human fibroblast cells and T98G human glioblastoma cells were studied by exposing to carbon ion beams of HIMAC accelerator. The exposed cells were incubated at 37 degrees C for appropriate intervals and the damages were analyzed by alkaline comet assay and quantitative RT-PCR with p53 mRNA. Highly inhomogeneous DNA damages were observed among the electrophoretic cell images of the comet assay. The degree of the damages was analyzed semi-quantitatively by using the Comet Index. The damaged fraction of WI38 cells was 85% immediately after 4 Gy (100keV/micrometer) irradiation and decreased to 50% after 120 min. incubation indicating a repair of cell DNA. Time dependent p53 gene expression as also analyzed by the quantitative RT-PCR method.

Carbon↗
PubMed2002

Behavioral consequences of radiation exposure to simulated space radiation in the C57BL/6 mouse: open field, rotorod, and acoustic startle.

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the consequences of exposure to proton radiation, such as might occur for astronauts during space flight. C57BL/6 mice were exposed, either with or without 15-g/cm2 aluminum shielding, to 0-, 3-, or 4-Gy proton irradiation mimicking features of a solar particle event. Irradiation produced transient direct deficits in open-field exploratory behavior and acoustic startle habituation. Rotorod performance at 18 rpm was impaired by exposure to proton radiation and was impaired at 26 rpm, but only for mice irradiated with shielding and at the 4-Gy dose. Long-term (>2 weeks) indirect deficits in open-field activity appeared as a result of impaired experiential encoding immediately following exposure. A 2-week recovery prior to testing decreased most of the direct effects of exposure, with only rotorod performance at 26 rpm being impaired. These results suggest that the performance deficits may have been mediated by radiation damage to hippocampal, cerebellar, and possibly, forebrain dopaminergic function.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Effects of simulated space vacuum on bacterial cells.

The effect of vacuum on bacterial cells is related to water desorption. Below water vapour pressure the inactivation remains constant, independent of total pressure and exposure time. In subsequent growth, the lag-phase of the survivors is delayed. Combined treatment with vacuum and radiation (X-rays or uv of 254 nm wavelength) results in synergistic effects, whereas vacuum and heat can act antagonistically. The vacuum inactivated cells (indicated as loss of colony-forming ability) are completely damaged. They do not show cellular elongation, phage production or respiration. The cellular membrane becomes permeable by vacuum exposure: biomolecules are released from the cells when re-suspended after vacuum treatment.

Bacillus subtilis↗