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Results for “Stereotyped Behavior”

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PubMed1996

A quantity of stereotyped behavior of ddY mice induced by low-dose methamphetamine.

It is reported that high-dose methamphetamine (8 mg/kg) induces stereotyped behavior in ddY mice in an open field, but it is still not certain that low-dose methamphetamine (less than 2 mg/kg) can induce the stereotyped behavior in ddY mice in a narrow space. In order to investigate the problem, we evaluated the quantity of stereotyped behavior of ddY mice by using a mouse wheel-running apparatus. In this method, we have come to recognize an increase in the stereotyped behavior depending on the dose of methamphetamine and the reverse-tolerance phenomenon as a decrease in the wheel-revolution counts. The present findings indicate that low-dose methamphetamine can promote stereotyped behavior in ddY mice under conditions in which the ambulation is restricted to a narrow wheel space.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Stereotyped behavior of severely disabled children in classroom and free-play settings.

The relationships between stereotyped behavior, object manipulation, self-manipulation, teacher attention, and various developmental measures were examined in 101 severely developmentally disabled children in their classrooms and a free-play setting. Stereotyped behavior without objects was positively correlated with self-manipulation and CA and was negatively correlated with complex object manipulation, developmental age, developmental quotient, and teacher attention. Stereotyped behavior with objects was negatively correlated with complex object manipulation. Partial correlations showed that age, self-manipulation, and developmental age shared unique variance with stereotyped behavior without objects.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Stereotypic behavior of mentally retarded adults adjunctive to a positive reinforcement schedule.

Stereotypic behavior is one of the more common disturbed behaviors displayed by people who are developmentally disabled. This study evaluated the indirect effects on stereotypic frequency when the value of a concurrent fixed-interval reinforcement schedule for adaptive behavior was varied. Three profoundly mentally retarded adults performed a simple adaptive task reinforced under a fixed-interval schedule. The reinforcement schedule value was varied from fixed-interval 15 to 90, and 180 seconds after schedule control under each condition was demonstrated. The dependent measure was the frequency of stereotypic behavior. Stereotypic behavior increased in direct relation to the interval length. The theoretical and practical implications of treating stereotypies as an adjunctive behavior partially controlled by the reinforcement frequency for adaptive behaviors are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Sensitization of stereotyped behavior to amphetamine is context and response dependent.

The present study was designed to determine whether the environmental context in which amphetamine is administered plays a role in the development of sensitization to the stereotyped behavioral effects of amphetamine in mice. In male CF-1 mice, the dose-response curve for stereotyped behavior elicited by amphetamine was shifted 1.9-fold to the left 48 h after pretreatment with 14 mg/kg amphetamine. Behavioral sensitization only developed in mice that were pretreated in the same or a similar environment as that of the test environment. In addition, when mice were placed in an environment that attenuated the acute expression of stereotyped behavior elicited by the pretreatment dose of amphetamine, sensitization never developed. A further experiment showed that 96% of the mice that expressed stereotypy after the ED50 pretreatment dose of 10 mg/kg amphetamine showed a stereotyped behavioral response to the lesser dose of 7 mg/kg 48 h later, indicating sensitization. In contrast, mice that did not express stereotypy after the ED50 dose of amphetamine failed to show a significant stereotyped behavioral response to amphetamine challenge compared to vehicle-pretreated controls. Therefore, the results indicate that preexposure to a single high dose of amphetamine produces context- and response-dependent sensitization to amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Reduction of stereotyped behavior in profoundly retarded individuals.

High-frequency, stereotyped behavior may interfere with the acquisition of appropriate behavior. Through the use of a procedure involving access to vibratory stimulation and its response-contingent withdrawal, stereotyped behavior of two profoundly retarded students was virtually eliminated. A reversal design, employed in Experiment 1, demonstrated that the nonoccurrence and the occurrence of stereotypic hyperventilation was a function of the presence or absence of the intervention procedure. In Experiment 2, a multiple-baseline design provided evidence that the procedure repeatedly produced suppression of stereotyped mouthing across three settings in which it was employed. The observed level of suppression was similar to that typically achieved by contingent application of aversive stimulus procedures. In addition, the procedures seemed to be learned quickly by teachers and administered effectively by public school personnel.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Dose-response effects of beta-phenylethylamine on stereotyped behavior in pargyline-pretreated rats.

We studied the dose-response and the time-course effect of beta-phenylethylamine (4.0-64.0 mg/kg, ip) on stereotyped behavior and motor activity in male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated 2 hr eariler with pargyline (0.25-8.0 mg/kg, iv). Stereotyped behavior, defined as repetitive, nongoal-directed head movements and sniffing, and changes in motor activity were observed immediately after injection of beta-phenylethylamine for a 1 hr period. With increasing doses of pargyline pretreatment, beta-phenylethylamine produced, in a dose-response relationship, progressively more stereotyped behavior accompanied by increased motor activity. Without pargyline pretreatment, only 64.0 mg/kg beta-phenylethylamine induced behavioral changes. Stereotyped behavior and increased motor activity had an onset at 4-6 min after the injection of beta-phenylethylamine, peak at 10-30 min, and gradual decline in the next 10-20 min. These results are discussed in terms of a possible relationship with the degree of inhibition of Type a and Type B monoamine oxidase acused by the different doses of pargyline.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Repeated mazindol and methamphetamine administration produces cross-sensitization to stereotyped behavior induced by these agents in rats.

The cross-sensitization to stereotyped behavior between mazindol (MZD) and methamphetamine (MAP) was investigated in rats. MZD (5 and 10 mg/kg/day, p.o.), MAP (5 and 10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and saline (1 ml/kg, p.o.) were administered once daily for a week. Challenge with MZD (10 mg/kg, p.o.) on the 8th day caused markedly stereotyped behavior in MAP-pretreated group compared with the saline-pretreated control group. MAP (10 mg/kg, p.o.)-induced stereotyped behavior on the 8th day was also greater in MZD-pretreated group rather than the saline-pretreated control group. These results suggest that repeated MZD and MAP administration cross-sensitizes to their stereotype-producing effects.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Sigma1 receptor subtype does not interact with stereotyped behaviors in rats.

In the present study, we clearly showed that the sigma1 receptor subtype did not interact with the induction of stereotyped behaviors in rats. Namely, (+)-N-allylnormetazocine [(+)-SKF-10,047] (5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg/kg, SC), a traditional sigma receptor ligand that has affinities for the sigma1 receptor subtype and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)/phencyclidine (PCP) receptor channel complex, markedly produced PCP-like stereotyped behaviors, such as head weaving, turning, and backpedaling, in rats. On the contrary, 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (SA4503), a potent and selective sigma1 receptor agonist, did not produce these behaviors. Additionally, PCP-induced stereotyped behaviors were significantly augmented by (+)-SKF-10,047, but not by SA4503. We thus suggest that the induction of PCP-like stereotyped behaviors elicited by (+)-SKF-10,047 closely interacts with NMDA/PCP receptor channel complex but not with the sigma1 receptor subtype.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Diazepam attenuates the antagonism of haloperidol against apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior after subchronic but not acute treatment in rats.

Apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior was investigated in rats treated with diazepam or haloperidol and with the combination of both drugs in a one day trial or subchronically. The drugs were administered via the drinking water. Diazepam dose-dependently reduced apomorphine stereotypies after the subchronic (6 days) but not after the acute treatment. Haloperidol suppressed apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior dose-dependently after acute as well as after subchronic administration apparently without the development of tolerance. This discrepancy to other studies may be explained by the concomitant increase in maximum number of D2-receptors in the striatum. The apomorphine antagonistic effect of haloperidol was attenuated when the neuroleptic was administered subchronically in combination with the benzodiazepine. This finding was unexpected since both drugs reduced apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior when administered alone. The further increase in maximum number of D2-receptors due to combined treatment with low doses of diazepam, suggesting a sort of "over adaptation", possibly explains the haloperidol-antagonistic action of diazepam in the behavioral experiments. Binding studies on dopamine (D1), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2) and benzodiazepine receptors revealed that modification of the apomorphine-induced stereotypies by the combined treatment with haloperidol and diazepam cannot be explained by interactions of the drugs at the level of the D1, 5-HT2 or benzodiazepine-receptors.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Directed coherence of EEG on ICSS rats with methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity and stereotyped behavior.

Methamphetamine (MAP) can reinforce intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rats, that is, reward-seeking behavior. However, the ICSS can be inhibited by the stereotyped behavior induced by MAP. This study was designed to observe the mutual information flow between prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) using directed coherence (DC) analysis during the hyperactivity and stereotyped behavior induced by administration of MAP (a derivative of amphetamine). The DC from PFC to VTA increased at 5-7 Hz in the hyperactivity as compared to the stereotypy. In contrast, enhanced information flow from VTA to PFC was observed in the stereotypy as compared to the hyperactivity. We found a reciprocal information flow between PFC and VTA corresponding to the hyperactivity and stereotyped behavior that was induced by administration of MAP.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Effect of lesions in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and medial raphe on phencyclidine-induced stereotyped behaviors and hyperactivity in rats.

The effect of lesioning the striatum, nucleus accumbens and medial raphe on phencyclidine(PCP)-induced stereotyped behaviors and hyperactivity was investigated to determine the site or sites of actions of PCP in rats. Bilateral lesions of the striatum diminished or abolished all the parameters of PCP-induced stereotyped behaviors, including sniffing, back pedalling, turning and head weaving 7 days after the operation. The medial raphe lesion significantly reduced PCP-induced back pedalling and head weaving. Bilateral lesions of the ventral portion of the nucleus accumbens did not affect the PCP-induced stereotyped behaviors. On the contrary, none of the lesions altered the sensitivity to PCP-induced hyperactivity 7 days after the operation. These results suggest that PCP-induced stereotyped behaviors may be mediated in the striatum and the medial raphe but not the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, PCP-induced hyperactivity may not result from PCP effects on these discrete brain areas.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Simultaneous catalepsy and apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior in mice.

Intraventricular administration of haloperidol or chlorpromazine produces catalepsy and blocks apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior. Low intraventricular doses of domperidone, sulpiride and spiperone, equally cataleptogenic as haloperidol or chlorpromazine, augment rather than diminish stereotypic behavior produced by subsequent apomorphine treatment. The resultant stereotypic behavior continues even while the animal is in a rigid cataleptic posture and is marked by persistent gnawing and licking. Prior to the induction of catalepsy and after recovery from it, mice display the entire range of typical apomorphine-induced behavior including sniffing, climbing, gnawing, and licking. This animal model may be related to the clinical observation of the coexistence of tardive dyskinesia and drug-induced Parkinsonism in individual patients.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Prevalence and situational causes of stereotyped behaviors in blind infants and preschoolers.

Parents of 85 blind children aged from 10 months to the 6th year of life were asked regarding the frequency, duration and typical situations of the occurrence of various stereotypic behaviors in their children. The Bielefeld Parents' Questionnaire for Blind and Sighted Infants and Preschoolers was used as the instrument of measurement. All of the children displayed at least one stereotypic behavior; most displayed several stereotypic behaviors according to the parents' reports. Eye poking and body rocking dominated within the prevalence hierarchy. Four typical situations could be identified in which stereotypic behaviors were shown: monotony, arousal, demand, and during feeding or eating. The results suggested that repetitive hand and finger movements, stereotypic manipulation of objects, and making a face(s) mainly occur within arousal situations whereas eye poking, whimpering, and sucking thumbs or fingers especially are linked to monotony.

Arousal↗

PubMed2003

Collateral effects of response blocking during the treatment of stereotypic behavior.

The collateral effects of response blocking were evaluated while treating stereotypic behavior in a woman diagnosed with autism. Blocking stereotypic behavior (head and tooth capping) was associated with decreases in leisure-item interaction and increases in another stereotypic response (hand wringing). Results suggested that the reduction in item interaction was due to adventitious punishment. Prompts to access an alternative source of reinforcement attenuated the side effects somewhat, but results suggested that the undesirable effects of response blocking may be fairly durable.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the temporal dynamics of stereotypic behavior in rats during chronic fenamine administration].

Amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior is a nonsteady oscillatory process. In its structure waves with 2-3, 4-5 and 10-15 minute periods may be distinguished. In some animals (30%) after chronic amphetamine administration the stereotyped behavior was attenuated with reorganization of its rhythmical pattern but in other cases (35%) stereotype on the contrary increased. Tolerance developed in the animals which had initially the more pronounced stereotype with the predomination of short-period (2-3 min) waves on the chronogram. These animals demonstrated low locomotor activity in the opened field, greater immobility in the forced swimming test and better relearning in Y-maze.

Amphetamine↗

PubMed1987

Influence of (-)-sulpiride and YM-09151-2 on stereotyped behavior in chicks and catalepsy in rats.

In this paper, the effects of three antipsychotic agents using the avian species laboratory model are described. d-Amphetamine (2-5 mg/kg, s.c.) dose-dependently antagonized catalepsy induced by haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.), YM-09151-2 (0.02-0.04 mg/kg, i.p.) and (-)-sulpiride (20-40 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats. (-)-Sulpiride (10-40 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently antagonized apomorphine (0.125 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced stereotyped behavior in young chicks. Similarly, YM-09151-2 (0.04 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonized apomorphine (0.125 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced stereotyped behavior in young chicks. (-)-Sulpiride (40 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly antagonized apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced stereotyped behavior in 6 week old chicks. Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 300 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the intensity of stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine (0.125 mg/kg, s.c.) in young chicks. However, (-)-sulpiride (40 mg/kg, i.p.) did not significantly influence the effect of PCPA on apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior. Similarly, catalepsy induced by (-)-sulpiride (40 mg/kg, i.p.), haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) and YM-09151-2 (0.04 mg/kg, i.p.) in male rats was profoundly suppressed by PCPA (300 mg/kg, i.p.). The present results indicate that apomorphine-induced stereotyped pecking in young (4-6 day old) chicks may serve as a suitable laboratory model for testing potential antipsychotic drugs. In addition, the data indicates that endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine mechanisms may be involved in the genesis of drug-induced catalepsy in rats.

Aging↗

PubMed1990

Triadimefon, a triazole fungicide, induces stereotyped behavior and alters monoamine metabolism in rats.

Triadimefon, a triazole fungicide, has been observed to increase locomotion and induce stereotyped behavior in rodents. The present experiments designed to characterize the stereotyped behavior induced by triadimefon used a computer-supported observational method, and tested the hypothesis that these observed effects involved central dopaminergic systems. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with triadimefon (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) in corn oil (2 ml/kg ip) 4 hr prior to behavioral assessment. The two lowest doses of triadimefon increased the frequency of locomotion and rearing, while the highest dose induced highly stereotyped behaviors, including backward locomotion, circling, and head weaving. Immediately after behavioral testing, the rats were sacrificed, and the striata and olfactory tubercles, terminal fields of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine systems, respectively, were removed. Steady-state concentrations of the monoamines dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites were determined by HPLC-EC. In independent experiments, the direct effects of triadimefon on dopamine (D1 and D2) receptor binding and dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity were assessed in vitro using rat striata. Dopamine concentrations were increased in olfactory tubercles, but decreased in striatum. Concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (the major metabolite of serotonin) were increased only in striatum, and only in animals treated with 200 mg/kg triadimefon. In vitro, triadimefon neither competed with D1 or D2 dopaminergic radioligands nor affected dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Together these behavioral and biochemical data lend support to the hypothesis that triadimefon may have actions similar to those produced by indirect-acting dopamine agonists.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗

PubMed1997

The Stereotyped Behavior Scale for adolescents and adults with mental retardation.

The development of the Stereotyped Behavior Scale for adolescents and adults with mental retardation was described. Service provider staff in three states selected 600 clients known for stereotypic behaviors and then used 66 items to rate the frequency of occurrence of these behaviors. Items with test-retest reliability less than .45 and/or interrater agreement less than .30 were deleted. The remaining 30 items were subjected to a principal component analysis with varimax rotation. A single-factor solution emerged, which explained 24.9% of the variance. After eliminating 4 items with low factor loadings, we found that the final 26-item Stereotyped Behavior Scale had an internal consistency alpha of .88, test-retest reliability was pI = .90, and interrater reliability was pI = .76.

Adolescent↗