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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Rotavirus in travelers' diarrhea: study of an adult student population in Mexico.

The role of rotavirus in adult diarrhea was evaluated in 165 students attending a Mexican university. Students were divided into three groups: newly arrived summer students from the United Sttes, regular students from the United States, and Mexican and Venezuelan students. Ninety-one students with diarrhea and 74 corresponding, matched, asymptomatic control students were included in the study. The frequency of rotavirus in stools was determined by electron microscopy with use of the pseudoreplica technique. Twenty-five percent of those who were ill and 12% of the controls had rotavirus in their stools. A significantly (P less than 0.05) greater number of newly arrived United States summer students with diarrhea had rotavirus in their stool than did matched controls (26% vs. 3%). There was no significant difference in rate of recovery of bacterial pathogens from rotavirus-positive and rotavirus-negative stools (52% vs. 53%) from students with diarrhea. Although significantly more rotavirus was identified from ill American summer students than from controls, the role of rotavirus as a cause of diarrhea in these students could not be established in all cases since bacterial pathogens were also commonly found in stool.

Diarrhea↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Values and value changes of graduate nursing students: their relationship to faculty values and to selected educational factors.

Values of 75 graduate nursing students in one university school of nursing were compared at times of entry into the program and at the completion of one academic year of study. Gordon's Survey of Interpersonal Values and Survey of Personal Values and a questionnaire were used to collect data. The students' perceived impact of certain educational factors was explored for possible relationship of these factors to changes that occurred. Values of the graduate nursing faculty and their perception of the importance of the same factors were obtained and compared with those of the students. Students showed signficant increases in values of support, recognition, and independence and significant decreases in benevolence, conformity, and practical mindedness. These changes bore similarity to those reported in previous studies of undergraduate nursing students and medical students. Differences between the students and faculty on two values, practical mindedness and independence, had disappeared by the end of one year; difference on one value, recognition, had appeared; and difference on one value, achievement, remained the same. The influence of specific educational factors was not clear. Faculty judged almost all factors as having a greater impact on students than students judged their impact to have been. Students' preestimate of probable influence of the same factors was significantly higher than their postestimate. Some uniform processes of socialization occurred even though students and faculty were not always in agreement about the importance of educational activities and outcomes.

Achievement↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of student performance in the four-year study of expanded functions for dental hygienists at the University of Iowa.

A comparison was made of the quality of selected operative and periodontal procedures completed by expanded-function dental hygiene and senior dental students. Each student group included 48 students selected from all academic quartiles of their respective classes. The evaluated operative procedures included a Class II preparation and amalgam restoration and a Class III preparation and composite restoration. Both operative procedures were completed twice, once on a patient and once on a Dentoform. The periodontal procedures were completed on patients and included a periodontal examination, a periodontal treatment plan, and one quadrant of root planing and soft tissue curettage. Three examiners independently rated each student's performance in an examiner-blind situation. Examiners judged numerous criteria for each procedure as satisfactory or unsatisfactory. In addition, an overall rating of excellent, clinically acceptable, or unacceptable was given to each procedure. Comparisons between student groups of the time required to complete procedures showed that dental students completed cavity preparations of all operative procedures and quadrants of root planing and curettage in significantly less time than did dental hygiene students. For restorations, periodontal examinations, and treatment plans, there was no significant difference between student groups in the time required to complete procedures. In general, the results of the study showed that the dental hygiene students were able to perform selected operative and periodontal procedures at a comparable level to that of senior dental students.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug use among college students--an interim report.

A survey was conducted at Agra (India) to study the extent and pattern of the non-medical use of dependence producing drugs among the post-graduate students of the local colleges and a number of medical students of other colleges of the state of Uttar Pradesh who were posted for training at the Mental Hospital. The study was confined to the academic year 1975-76 and covered 1,200 students. The present interim report is based on a sample of 564 students covered during 1975 (1st stage). The data on the total sample of 1200 (2nd and the final stage) are still being analysed. The results reveal that 73.88 per cent male, and 25.96 per cent female students had a drug experience at some time or another. Drug use was highest (80.66 per cent) among male medical students. The substances commonly used by males were: alcohol, barbiturates, Mandrax (methaqualone diphenhydramine hydrochloride). Vesparax (hydroxyzine hydrochloride), Equanil (meprobamate). Librium (chlordiazeproxide), pain killers (minor analgesics such as aspirin, and cannabis (bhang, ganja, and charas). The female students mainly used Equanil and pain killers. Among the 23 reasons offered for the use of drugs, the majority of students (50-59 per cent) stated that their main reason for drug use was "to relieve tension and facilitate relaxation". The next motivating factor for indulgence was "for the sake of fun" (30-39 per cent). The student drug users reported a number of effects produced by various substances. The most commonly mentioned effects were: excessive sleepiness, sluggishness, giddiness, inability to concentrate on studies, poor physical co-ordination. They expressed their opinion on various aspects of the drug use problem and favoured stringent measures to curb it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Student-constructed examination items.

Student-written items were compared with teacher-written items on an objective examination given to first year medical students. While student scores were higher on the student-written items than on teacher-written items, there was a positive correlation between the scores. Student items did not differ from teacher items in the course, according to student ratings of emphasis. As a by-product of this study, correlations were found which suggest that student scores on an item often reflect the degree of teaching emphasis given the content area of the item rather than the inherent difficulty of the content. It is suggested that further research is needed to determine whether students learn through the process of writing examination items. Therefore, if the process proves to be educational, this study indicates that it will be feasible to incorporate the student-constructed items in examinations.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Faculty influence on nursing students' preferences for practice.

To ascertain if faculty preferences affect students' preferences for nursing practice, this study investigated: 1) the convergence of students' preferences with those of their clinical faculty and 2) students' perceptions of faculty characteristics associated with their practice preferences at the completion of a clinical course. Fourteen faculty and 170 junior baccalaureate nursing students were measured at three points in time to determine student preferences for indirect-direct involvement in patient care. Findings did not support the convergence of students' preferences with those of faculty as they progressed through the course. At the completion of the course multiple regressions revealed that students' preferences were associated with preferences they attributed to faculty, their perceptions of faculty reputation among students, students' clinical grades, and their preferences for nursing practice before and after six weeks of the course.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

Educational and economic characteristics of student beneficiaries: black-white differences.

This article compares black and white student beneficiaries under the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) program during the 1972-73 school year from the standpoint of differences in economic and educational characteristics. The role that OASDI played in enabling students to continue in school full time is studied. The findings show that relatively more blacks were in the student beneficiary population than in the general student population; they were also overrepresented among students attending high school. Blacks were disadvantaged with respect to the educational attainment of their fathers and in terms of total family income. They also had lower-grade-point averages and those in high school were older than their white counterparts. Black high school students nevertheless planned to continue their education and to attend 4-year colleges in about the same proportion as whites. The total amount of educational income of black students was greater than that of white students, but the members of the latter group received more from loans and miscellaneous sources. Grants were the most important source of educational income for blacks. About half the student beneficiaries said they could continue full time in school without benefits and a third said they could not.

Adolescent↗