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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Dependent personality traits and information processing: assessing the interpretation of ambiguous information using the Thematic Apperception Test.

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate interpretation bias in people with dependent personality traits. METHOD: Eight Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) cards were administered to participants (N=56) who scored high or low on DSM-III-R dependent personality pathology. Two independent judges rated the TAT stories using a rating list based on the cognitive model of the dependent and paranoid personality disorder. RESULTS: Controlling for self-esteem, the dependent interpretation bias appeared to be specific for dependent personality pathology. SEM analysis supported a mediation model in which beliefs mediate the relationship between DSM-III-R traits and interpretation bias. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this study support the hypothesis that people with dependent traits are characterized by a schema-related interpretation bias and that this bias is mediated by dependent beliefs.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Formal characteristics of Thematic Apperception Test stories as indices of emotional disturbance in children.

Formal characteristics of stories told about picture cards from the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) were defined as reflecting the storyteller's ability to accomplish the task and were distinguished from content that expresses the unique concerns of the individual. It was argued that increased emphasis on formal aspects of TAT responses is warranted, because these characteristics can be determined more objectively and are more suitable for direct group comparison. Therefore, the variables included in our study consisted of an integration and expansion of formal characteristics previously developed with adults, which showed promise in differentiating disturbed and normal groups of children. Based on these formal characteristics of TAT stories, 95% of the comparison group members and 85% of the disturbed group members were correctly classified. Emotionally disturbed boys (n = 40) differed from a comparison group (n = 40) on seven formal scoring categories which were hypothesized to differentiate the groups.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Self psychology interpretation of the Thematic Apperception Test.

Self psychology theory of personality has gained recognition as an important contribution to the psychoanalytic understanding of personality. The authors present guidelines for the interpretation of Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) material in accordance with self psychology, and provide as a case example a detailed interpretation of the TAT material of one patient. Material from the therapist's summary of the treatment is provided in support of the self psychology interpretation proposed. The authors encourage further efforts to expand the application of self psychology to the understanding of psychological testing material.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The influence of defensive styles upon the predictive validity of the Thematic Apperception Test.

This study investigated the extent to which defensive styles of individuals influence the predictive validity of their responses to a projective test. College subjects (n = 34) were exposed to laboratory procedures which provided the basis for identifying preferred style of dealing with aversive self-relevant information. Those who demonstrated the tendency to deny negative information about themselves and attribute it to others (projectors) gave responses to selected Thematic Apperception Test cards which were positively correlated with dependency and achievement criteria. In contrast, those who tended to deny negative information by selective forgetting (repressors) provided projective test responses which were negatively correlated with the two behavioral criteria. Although statistical significance was not consistently achieved, the trend of results supported the validity of Thematic Apperception Test performance of projectors or nonrepressors and inverse prediction from the responses of repressors or nonprojectors.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Measuring needs with the thematic apperception test: a psychometric study.

Three apperception theories that explain how people respond to Thematic Apperception Test cards are proposed: a simple apperception theory, an apperception theory with a dynamic component, and an apperception theory with 2 types of responses. Each theory is translated into an item response theory model and is applied to need for achievement (nAch) data. The analysis indicates that the best fitting model is provided by the apperception theory with 2 types of responses, also referred to as the drop-out apperception theory. The 1st type of response predicted by this theory is determined by the nAch level of the person and the achievement-response-eliciting value of the card; this response is diagnostic for the nAch level of the person. The 2nd type of response is not determined by the 2 aforementioned characteristics and is therefore not diagnostic of the person's nAch level. The results are cross-validated for need for power and need for affiliation.

Achievement↗
PubMed1995

Origin and history of the Thematic Apperception Test images.

The origin and history of each of the images appearing on the 1943/1971 edition of the Thematic Apperception Test is presented. This information corrects and supplements that provided by Murray (1943/1971) in the test manual. Authorship of the test, including the contributions of Christiana Morgan, is discussed. The material presented expands the historical record and may serve as an aid in test interpretation.

Journal Article↗