SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “THROMBOSIS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

[Sequelae of venous thrombosis. Incidence in of the post-thrombosis syndrome after 5 years].

The authors report on an epidemiological study carried out in Basle, Switzerland, which prospectively included 341 consecutive patients (226 men, 115 women, mean age 52 +/- 16 years) who had developed deep venous thrombosis evidenced by phlebography. The treatment of the acute phase most often consisted in thrombolysis, conventional heparin being reserved for the contra-indications of thrombolysis. A second phlebographic examination allowed dividing up the series into two groups, ie. positive and negative, according to the presence or absence of a complete or partial return of patency. Each group was subdivided according to the location and extension of the thrombosis. Both groups (positive vs. negative) are different as regards the location and extent of the thrombosis. The selective comparison of both groups according to the objective subdivision demonstrated: the absence of post-phlebitis disease in sural phlebitis; the same risk of post-phlebitis disease in thrombosis extending to 4 levels, whether patency was restored or not; lower incidence of post-phlebitis disease in the positive group for single -, two - or three-level phlebitis. Leg ulcers occur within an average of 5.5 +/- 2.1 years after the acute episode in 6.7% of all patients. Complete return of patency is obtained in 23% of cases only.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Massive acute thrombosis of the descending thoracic aorta in heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.

Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia with thrombosis is a rare but serious complication in patients receiving heparin therapy. We report a case of a patient with this complication who had massive thrombosis within the descending thoracic aorta detected by transesophageal echocardiography. Our case suggests that a transesophageal echocardiographic examination can be useful in the early diagnosis of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2000

Evaluation of thrombolysis and angioplasty in a porcine iliac artery thrombosis model: application of endovascular stent-graft-induced thrombosis.

PURPOSE: To develop a novel endovascular thrombosis model in the porcine iliac artery for the evaluation of thrombolysis and angioplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A stent-inversion-graft (SIG) model combining either a 3-mm or 5-mm tapered expandable polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) graft attached within a self-expandable, 10-mm nitinol stent was placed in the left common iliac artery via an ipsilateral common femoral artery approach in 24 pigs. When the iliac artery was thrombosed, urokinase (250,000 IU) plus heparin (1,000 units) were pulse sprayed via a contralateral femoral approach (n = 12). Saline pulse-spray was used as a control group (n = 12). Balloon angioplasty was performed to eliminate the stenotic tapered graft within the stent after successful thrombolysis. The efficacy of the thrombolysis was assessed with use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and arteriogram. RESULTS: Both the 3-mm tapered and 5-mm tapered SIG models caused iliac artery occlusion in 22 +/- 5 and 41 +/- 9 minutes, respectively, after the deployment. Luminal patency was re-established successfully in all occluded arteries after urokinase infusion. Angioplasty was successful in eliminating the tapered stenosis and restoring the normal diameter in all iliac arteries treated with urokinase. Complete thrombolysis was achieved in both models treated with urokinase. CONCLUSION: This novel endovascular approach of inducing arterial thrombosis is simple to perform and reliably produces arterial thrombosis. The intraluminal stenosis is also amenable to angioplasty. This model is useful for the evaluation of antithrombotic treatment modality and adjunctive endovascular interventions.

Alloys↗

PubMed1996

Thrombosis and thrombolysis in crushed arteries with or without anastomosis: a new microvascular thrombosis model.

This study introduces a new rat thrombosis model in which a 2-mm segment of femoral artery is crushed by an impact load. Ninety-five femoral arteries were divided into five groups. The vessels in Groups I and 2 underwent only crush injuries with a 15-kg and 25-kg load, respectively. Group 3 vessels were not crushed, but did undergo vessel anastomosis by a standard microsurgical technique. The vessels in Groups 4 and 5 were crushed by a 25-kg load, and then divided and anastomosed. During the procedure, the vessel lumina were topically irrigated with saline (Group 4) or heparin solution (Group 5). Thrombosis and thrombolysis were evaluated at set time points up to 56 days after operation. While all vessels in Groups 1 and 3 remained patent, the rate of occlusive thrombus formation in Group 2 significantly (p < 0.001) dropped from 85 percent at day 1 to 11 percent at day 7. The intima and media in Groups 4 and 5 were severely disrupted and often occluded the lumen, Group 5 had a significantly (p < 0.01 to 0.001) lower rate of occlusive thrombus formation (40 to 45 percent) at days 1 and 7 than Group 4 (90 percent). Histology in Groups 2, 4, and 5 at day 1 showed no intimnal and almost no medial tissue left in the crushed area. The adventitia and remaining external elastic lamina were adherent to thrombus in the occluded vessels or covered by fibrin and platelet mesh in the patent vessels. The results documented that spontaneous thrombolysis occurs in thrombosed arteries following crush injury alone, but not in thrombosed arteries after crush injury followed by suture anastomoses. The degree of disruption of the internal elastic lamina and the presence of sutures appear to contribute to occlusive thrombus formation following crush injury and anastomoses. Topical irrigation with heparin solution, at the concentration routinely used clinically, significantly reduces the thrombosis rate at the anastomosis site in crushed vessels, but does not promote thrombolysis.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed2000

Treatment of experimentally induced caval thrombosis with oral low molecular weight heparin and delivery agent in a porcine model of deep venous thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE: This experiment evaluated enterally administered low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) combined with sodium N-[10-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino] decanoate (SNAD) for the treatment of induced venous thrombosis. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: SNAD is a delivery agent that potentiates the gastrointestinal absorption of LMWH. METHODS: Forty female pigs were equally assigned to four groups: control (saline); enteral LMWH, 2,000 IU/kg; enteral SNAD, 50 mg/kg; and enteral LMWH, 2,000 IU/kg and SNAD, 50 mg/kg. Under fluoroscopic guidance, the infrarenal vena cava was occluded with a balloon catheter. Two milliliters of ethanol was injected into the distal vena cava. The inflated balloon catheter remained in situ for 5 days, at which time animals angiographically exhibiting thrombus were randomly assigned to the four groups. Study medications were dosed at 12-hour intervals by means of a gastrostomy tube placed previously. After 7 days of treatment, thrombus was extracted. A separate group of 10 animals was used to measure plasma antifactor Xa levels for 6 hours after enteral dosing of LMWH/SNAD. RESULTS: The amount of residual thrombus after treatment with enteral LMWH/SNAD was significantly decreased. Antifactor Xa levels were significantly elevated in the LMWH/SNAD group versus baseline. CONCLUSION: The combination of enterally administered LMWH and SNAD given for 7 days appeared to decrease caval thrombosis in this model of deep vein thrombosis. Enteral LMWH/SNAD effected an increase in plasma levels of antifactor Xa.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Prophylaxis of thrombosis in a pregnant woman with congenital antithrombin III deficiency: changes in hemostatic molecular markers before the onset of thrombosis].

A pregnant woman with congenital antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency was given AT III concentrate and warfarin at the first and after 36th week of gestation periods and at the other gestation period, respectively. The patient developed thrombosis in the left leg, but fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and thrombin-AT III complex (TAT) had already shown high values one week before, suggesting the possibility of their being forecast markers of thrombosis. The administration of AT III concentrate caused an improvement in thrombosis. Therefore, in case of high FPA and TAT values as determined one or two times a week, the administration of AT III concentrate was thought necessary. In case of warfarin, however, non-administration during the 6th-9th weeks of gestation for the purpose of avoiding teratogenicity and frequent blood coagulation tests taking heed of overdosage for the purpose of avoiding fetal central nervous system abnormalities were suggested necessary. Delivery was uneventful, both mother and child being doing very well; umbilical blood AT III activity was 18%. It is generally difficult for us to form the diagnosis as AT III deficiency only from AT III activity at neonatal stage, but in the present study, we analyzed the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the AT III gene using umbilical blood, and succeeded in diagnosing the neonatal child as AT III deficiency.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Thrombosis of the terminal aorta, deep vein thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, and antiphospholipid antibodies. Case report.

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) consists clinically of both arterial and venous thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss and thrombocytopenia associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Most of these patients were initially found to suffer from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There is an increasing group of patients who exhibit antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombotic complications without clinical features of SLE or related autoimmune disease termed primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS). The case of a 29-year-old woman with thrombosis of the terminal aorta and deep vein thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, antiphospholipid antibodies and serological support for an underlying connective tissue disease, probably preclinical SLE is reported.

Abortion, Habitual↗

PubMed1996

[Portal vein and hepatic vein thrombosis in occult myeloproliferative syndrome. Progression of thrombosis under heparin therapy].

In a 45-year-old woman presenting with subacute liver failure and portal hypertension the diagnostic workup revealed portal vein thrombosis and occlusion of small hepatic veins. An occult myeloproliferative syndrome was assumed. During full-dose heparin therapy the thrombotic process progressed to segmental venous small bowel infarctions, liver failure and death. In-vitro culture of mononuclear blood cells showed spontaneous growth of erythroid precursor cells. Necropsy demonstrated acute hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver, thrombotic material within the portal and mesenteric veins, thrombosis, dilatation, sclerosis, and partial obliteration of small portal vein branches, and obliterative fibrosis and thrombosis of small intrahepatic veins. The bone marrow and spleen findings support the diagnosis of a myeloproliferative disorder.

Fatal Outcome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A canine coronary artery thrombosis model: application of photochemically induced thrombosis.

A simple and reproducible canine model of platelet-rich coronary artery thrombosis, suitable for the evaluation of antithrombotic drugs, has been developed. In this model, thrombus was initiated in the left arterial descending coronary artery by means of transmural green light (540 nm) in the presence of i.v. administered rose bengal (a photosensitizer dye). The photochemical reaction between green light and rose bengal causes endothelial injury which is followed by platelet adhesion aggregation and formation of an occlusive platelet-rich thrombus at the site of the photochemical reaction. In 9 out of 12 animals, occlusion of the coronary artery occurred within 60 min after irradiation with green light and infusion of rose bengal. Infusion of tissue-type plasminogen activator (50,000 IU/kg) produced thrombolysis in 6 out of 9 animals within 60 min. Reocclusion was observed in 4 of these 6 animals. Photochemically induced thrombosis in the canine coronary artery provides a simple and platelet-rich thrombosis model suitable for the evaluation of antithrombotic and thrombolytic preparations.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Prevention of thrombosis in surgery of the extremities. Physical methods in thrombosis prevention].

Physical therapy procedures for the prophylaxis of thrombosis are part of basic medical therapy. Their effect has been documented by numerous individual observations, even though no prospective studies are available. Since the inconvenience to the patient is minor, they should be implemented in all surgical patients. In the case of patients at risk of thrombosis such as in orthopedic surgery, the effect of such procedures is not sufficient. In this case physical therapy procedures can only supplement the medical prophylaxis of thrombosis. The effectiveness of technically more complex physical procedures has been documented in small studies, but due to the high technical and personnel costs, the application is restricted.

Bandages↗

PubMed2000

Heparin, low molecular weight heparin and physical methods for preventing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following surgery for hip fractures.

BACKGROUND: Hip fracture patients have a high risk of thromboembolic complications following surgical management. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of heparin (unfractionated (U), and low molecular weight (LMW) heparins), and physical methods (compression stockings, calf or foot pumps) for prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism after surgery for hip fracture in the elderly. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group trials register, Medline, Embase, and reference lists of published papers and books. We contacted trialists and other workers in the field. Date of most recent search: September 1996. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials evaluating the use of heparins and physical agents for prevention of DVT and pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed methodological quality and extracted data. Trials were grouped into four categories (heparin versus control, mechanical versus control, LMW heparin versus U heparin, and miscellaneous) and results pooled where possible. MAIN RESULTS: The 26 included trials involved 2600 predominantly female and elderly patients. Overall, trial quality was disappointing. Ten trials involving 826 patients which compared U heparin with control, and four trials of 471 patients which compared LMW heparin with control, showed a reduction in the incidence of lower limb DVT (121/511 (24%) versus 203/519 (39%); Peto odds ratio 0.41; 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.55). There were insufficient data to confirm the efficacy of either agent in the prevention of pulmonary embolism. There was a non significant increase in overall mortality in the heparin group (46/420 (11%) versus 35/423 (8%); Peto odds ratio 1.39; 95% confidence interval 0. 86 to 2.23). Data were inadequate for all other outcomes including wound complications. There is insufficient evidence from five trials, involving 644 patients, to establish if LMW heparin was superior to U heparin. Most trials evaluating heparins had methodological defects. Four trials, involving 442 patients, testing mechanical pumping devices were also methodologically flawed, and so pooled results need to be viewed cautiously. Mechanical pumping devices may protect against DVT (12/202 (6%) versus 42/212 (19%); Peto odds ratio 0.24; 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 0.44). Although the limited data indicated a potential benefit, they were inadequate to establish any effect on the incidence of pulmonary embolism and overall mortality. Problems with skin abrasion and compliance were reported. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: U and LMW heparins protect against lower limb DVT. There is insufficient evidence to confirm either protection against pulmonary embolism or overall benefit, or to distinguish between various applications of heparin. Foot and calf pumping devices appear to prevent DVT, may protect against pulmonary embolism, and reduce mortality, but compliance remains a problem. Good quality trials of mechanical methods as well as direct comparisons with heparin should be considered.

Anticoagulants↗

PubMed1998

Bilateral renal vein thrombosis and venous sinus thrombosis in a neonate with factor V mutation (FV Leiden).

Bilateral renal vein thrombosis and venous sinus thrombosis were diagnosed within 3 weeks of birth in a full-term neonate. Heterozygosity for a factor V mutation leading to resistance against the anticoagulatory properties of activated protein C was found. Heparin therapy led to resolution of the thrombotic manifestations. With long-term oral anticoagulation, no relapse or other thrombotic event occurred during infancy.

Anticoagulants↗

PubMed1999

Occurrence of thrombosis and haemorrhage, relationship with anti-Xa, anti-IIa activities, and D-dimer plasma levels in patients receiving a low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin or tinzaparin, to prevent deep vein thrombosis after hip surgery.

Studies in experimental animal models and in patients receiving low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to prevent thromboembolic events after surgery have not demonstrated a clear relationship between anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities in plasma and either bleeding or prevention of thrombosis. The relationship between these clinical outcomes and ex vivo anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and D-dimers were evaluated in 440 patients undergoing total hip replacement and given prophylaxis once daily with a LMWH (tinzaparin or enoxaparin) in a multicentre double-blind randomized study. 221 patients received 4500 anti-Xa IU of tinzaparin; 219 patients received 40 mg (4000 anti-Xa IU) of enoxaparin. Both regimens were administered subcutaneously once daily. Blood samples for anti-IIa, anti-Xa, D-dimers levels and APTT were taken at baseline, on day 1, day 5 and on the day of discharge (days 8-14) and clinical assessments were performed dafly until day 14. All patients had bilateral venography between days 8 and 14. All coagulation tests were performed in central laboratories. A significant correlation was observed between anti-IIa activity and anti-Xa activity and the dose of each LMWH injected. The anti-Xa activity was significantly higher with enoxaparin and the anti-IIa activity was significantly higher with tinzaparin. No clear relationship between these two activities and the clinical outcomes was observed. This was also true with regards to APTT. Before and after surgery, D-dimers were significantly higher in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) than in those without DVT but had no predictive value. Interestingly, a significant post-operative increase of D-dimers persisted in both groups of patients during the whole observation period, possibly suggesting that a longer duration of prophylactic treatment may be appropriate.

Anticoagulants↗

PubMed1996

Experimental prevention of free flap thrombosis. II: Normovolemic hemodilution for thrombosis prevention.

A microvascular free flap failure model consisting of raising an epigastric groin flap on the femoral pedicle, while cutting the femoral artery, twisting it around the femoral vein and resuturing it, has been previously described. As it was being evaluated, normovolemic hemodilution as a means to prevent thrombosis was simultaneously assessed using an additional experimental group. Twenty percent of the blood mass of each rat was taken and replaced with a hydroxyethyl starch solution immediately before surgery. Only 14 out of 20 anastomoses presented with thrombosis (13 venous and one mixed), as opposed to 19 out of 20 animals operated on without hemodilution (P< 0.05). Normovolemic hemodilution appears to be an effective method of reducing microvascular free flap failure.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1984

Renal vein thrombosis and inferior vena cava thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Frequency and risk factors.

Phlebography of the inferior vena cava with selective study of the renal veins was performed in 43 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) or renal vein thrombosis (RVT) was found in 3 of 11 patients (27%) with nephrotic syndrome, in 8 of 13 (61.5%) with previous thrombophlebitis, and in 3 of 4 (75%) with suggestive acute clinical picture. In contrast, none of the 20 control patients with SLE had IVCT or RVT. These results show that SLE patients with thrombophlebitis have a very high risk of developing IVCT or RVT; patients with nephrotic syndrome have a smaller risk. Neither IVCT nor RVT was found in SLE patients without antecedent thrombophlebitis or nephrotic syndrome.

Female↗

PubMed1999

Genetic determinants of heritable venous thrombosis: genotyping methods for factor V(Leiden)A1691G, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, prothrombin G20210A mutation, and algorithms for venous thrombosis investigations.

OBJECTIVES: To implement cost effective and clinically relevant thrombophilic genotyping and homocysteine analysis in our coagulation laboratory. METHODS: We describe genotyping assays for three of the genetic defects associated with hereditary thrombosis: factor V(Leiden) A1691G, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, and prothrombin gene G20210A. A second confirmatory assay for factor V(Leiden) using allele specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction is also presented. We suggest an algorithm for the rational integration of the traditional assays routinely used to investigate venous thrombosis with genotyping and plasma homocysteine measurements. RESULTS: These polymerase chain reaction based assays were designed to be performed under identical reaction conditions, permitting simultaneous setup, amplification, digestion, and analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The three genotyping assays presented are robust and relatively easy to perform. Use of an algorithm will ensure efficient resource utilization and minimize unnecessary testing.

5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (FADH2)↗

PubMed1994

Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of dural sinus thrombosis: demonstration of the thrombosis and collateral venous channels.

In order to study the role of Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging in dural sinus thrombosis, precontrast and postcontrast imaging using Gd-DTPA in three patients with clinically unsuspected dural sinus thrombosis was reviewed. Comparisons were made with cranial CT scanning and cerebral angiography. Compared to CT, the postcontrast T1-weighted images more clearly revealed thrombus in the dural sinuses as a nonenhanced central area of intermediate intensity (but not flow void) surrounded by an enhanced rim. MR imaging also demonstrated secondary changes, including the presence of collateral venous channels and venous infarction.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Antithrombin and heparin antithrombin patterns in pre-thrombosis and thrombosis.

An antithrombin assay (AA) and an antithrombin assay modified by the addition of heparin (H-AA) were performed using sera from healthy subjects, patients predisposed to thrombosis, and patients with thromboembolic disease. Characteristic AA, and H-AA patterns were found in each group. Normal controls and four of 39 "pill" patients (10%) had normal AA and H-AA findings (Pattern A). Normal AA, with "decreasing" H-AA (Pattern B) was found in sera of 31 of 39 "pill" patients (80%) and three patients who had non-embolic arterial occlusive disease. Low AA and "decreasing" H-AA (Pattern C) occurred in sera of four "pill"-takers (10%) and one patient who had an arterial embolus. Low AA and low H-AA (Pattern D) developed in sera of eight patients with thrombophlebitis and seven patients with pulmonary embolus. It is concluded that the AA and H-AA assays help to identify thrombosis-prone (Pattern C) and thrombotic (Pattern D) individuals for whom antiplatelet (aspirin; dipyridamole) or anticoagulant therapy might be beneficial.

Antithrombins↗