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[Long-term results of anatomic repair of transposition of great vessels].

The long-term complications after anatomical repair of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) were analysed in a prospective study of 30 successive patients, from August 1996 to October 1999, who were presumed asymptomatic and investigated 10 years after surgery. All underwent clinical examination, ECG, stress Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy, Doppler echocardiography, Holter ECG, pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy, right and left cardiac catheterization with selective coronary angiography. Five patients had coronary lesions (4 thromboses and 1 coronary-pulmonary artery fistula). The other abnormalities observed were mild bilateral stenosis of the two pulmonary arteries (1 case), grade 1 aortic regurgitation (6 cases), including 1 case of aortic root dilatation. Type B to E coronary circulations (Yacoub classification) were not significantly correlated with coronary artery disease in this series (p = 0.06). For the diagnosis of these lesions, myocardial scintigraphy and Doppler echocardiographic detection of wall motion abnormalities had a sensitivity of 50% and respective specificities of 88% and 35%. Long-term results after anatomical repair of TGA are satisfactory. However, the high incidence of coronary lesions makes regular follow-up and systematic coronary angiography necessary in all children.

Child↗

CT in congenitally-corrected transposition of the great vessels.

Congenitally-corrected transposition of the great vessels (CTGV) may be detected de novo in adulthood and the plain radiographic findings may be ambiguous or they may be mimicked by a mediastinal mass. CT readily shows the malposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery, and may also show associated congenital heart lesions. The following cases demonstrate the CT findings in CTGV and the distinction of CTGV from conditions resembling it on radiographs.

Adult↗

[Blood gas-analysis and heart catheterisation in newborns with extreme low oxygen content of arterial blood because of congenital heart failure (complete transposition of great vessels) (author's transl)].

Importance of atrial septostomia in newborns with complete transposition of the great heart vessels was to be proved in 75 children, 27 of them with an atrial shunt and 48 without additional shunt. Arterial oxygen-tension while breathing roomair rose from 19 Torr without shunt to 29 Torr after septostomia. Corresponding values while breathing oxygen are 23 Torr before and 40 Torr after septostomia. In 14 children 2-5 years after septostomia control-values of oxygen-tension were 42 Torr in aorta (ventr. dext.), 34 Torr in v. cava, 67 Torr in a. pulm. (ventr. sin.) and 104 Torr in v. pulm. Differences of oxygen-content were 2,97 vol.% between aorta and v. cava, 2.83 vol.% between v. pulm. and a. pulm., 7.46 vol.% between v. pulm. and aorta and 10.34 vol.% between v. pulm. and v. cava.

Blood Gas Analysis↗

[Changes in rhythm and conduction after atrial correction of transposition of great vessels].

Disorders of rhythm or conduction after correction by baffle of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) has been widely reported. In order to avoid them, transformations on Mustard original technique have been carried out. We analize here the incidence of arrhythmias during the follow up of 20 patients operated, following a modification of the Mustard technique, as well as the postoperative changes on the P wave. The 75% of the patients remained in sinus rhythm during the postoperative first year, but only 28% continued on it after 6 years. The rest of the patients presented nodal or low auricular rhythm, alternating with sinus rhythm. Seven patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria of sick sinus syndrome. Ninety five percent of the patients were asymptomatic. The 9 patients that performed a stress testing after operation presented sinus rhythm and heart rate acceleration, in spite of the rhythm was nodal at the beginning in 4 of them. The modifications of the Mustard technique apparently do not avoid the arrhythmias and disorders of conduction. Nevertheless, the exercise tolerance remain acceptable.

Adolescent↗

Sleep state, cardiorespiratory and electrocortical activity in infants with transposition of great vessels.

OBJECTIVES: Sleep states and physiological changes during sleep may be useful in assessing brain function. We hypothesized that infants with transposition of great vessels (TGV) exhibit recognizable states of sleep under conditions of isocapnic hypoxemia. Also, we speculated that early correction of hypoxemia may result in significant changes in the physiological characteristics of quiet and active sleep. METHODS: Six-hour continuous cardiorespiratory and electrocortical recordings were performed in five term infants with TGV, pre- and postoperatively along with simultaneous minute by minute behavioral sleep state assignment. Data were sorted for sleep states and percent sleep time for each state was computed. Measurements of state-dependent variables, i.e., heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRSD), respiratory frequency (f), variability in respiratory frequency (fSD), and spectral properties of the EEG during quiet and active sleep were compared for both pre- and postoperative periods. RESULTS: All infants showed significant differences in state-dependent variables between quiet and active sleep, both during preoperative (mean O2 saturation = 80.9 +/- 2.8) and postoperative (mean O2 saturation = 92.8 +/- 0.5) periods. As compared to preoperative period, postoperatively during quiet sleep, HR and HRSD were lower, and EEG power was greater; and during active sleep, HR, HRSD, and fSD decreased and EEG power increased. Also, in the postoperative period % quiet sleep increased and % active sleep decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Under conditions of isocapnic hypoxemia infants with TGV vessels exhibit clearly recognizable states of sleep. Correction of hypoxemia is associated with significant changes in state-dependent variables both during quiet and active sleep.

Electroencephalography↗

[Median- and long-term results of Mustard and Senning operations in isolated transposition of great vessels].

This study concerns 89 cases of isolated transposition with early surgical repair by auricular transposition of the venous returns. Fairly good results were obtained with an operative mortality rate less than 10%, few postoperative complications, and long-term follow-up without significant worsening of the functional capacities of these patients. From this study, the authors state precisely the present indications for treatment of isolated transposition.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗

[Truncular auriculo-ventricular block disclosing isolated corrected transposition of great vessels].

A case of atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial discordance with L-transposition of the great arteries (corrected transposition of the great arteries), complicated by complex atrioventricular block is reported. The points of interest in this case were the association of an atrioventricular block and isolated corrected transposition, revealing the underlying malformation, and the intrahisian location of the block which seems only to have been reported on three previous occasions in this context.

Bundle of His↗

[Anatomic correction of transposition of great vessels with entire interventricular septum. Initial results].

INTRODUCTION: Optimal management for patients with simple transposition of great arteries is currently the arterial switch operation. We review our initial experience to evaluate the results. METHOD: From 1988 to 1993, 21 children with simple transposition of the great arteries underwent arterial switch operation. Mean age at surgery was 10.5 +/- 5.6 days, excluding two cases with two-stage arterial switch and one with late diagnosis. Patent ductus arteriosus was present in 12 cases, and a small ventricular septal defect in two. The coronary artery pattern was unusual in 9 cases. Balloon atrial septostomy was performed in 19 cases, seven of them using two-dimensional echocardiography. It was considered no necessary in the remaining two, with a large ductus arteriosus. RESULTS: Total circulatory arrest was used in 13 patients (mean time 29.7 +/- 22.6 min). Three patients died in the early postoperative period (14.3%) in a refractory cardiac failure, one of them secondary to myocardial necrosis. The coronary artery pattern was unusual in two of died patients. All patients but three were in sinus rythm. Mean age at follow-up was 21 months (follow-up range 2 months to 5 years). Seventeen of surviving patients are in a functional state grade I and one in grade II of NYHA. There haven't been late deaths. CONCLUSION: These results compared with the ones of atrial switch operation, have encouraged to us to use the arterial switch operation in all children with simple transposition of the great arteries. Increasing experience will likely lead to improve our results.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗

[Characteristics of diagnosis and therapeutic tactics in congenital fixed transposition of great vessels].

Questions of specific features of clinical course, diagnosing and surgical treatment of congenital corrected transposition of major vessels and heart chambers are discussed. The authors have 11 observations of intravital diagnosing of congenital corrected transposition of the 1st type major vessels. The timely recognition of the defect is of great practical significance for clinicians because of possible choice of correct and timely curative tactics.

Adult↗

[The Lecompte surgical procedure in transposition of great vessels].

The article presents the first experience gained with the use of the Lecompt operation in eleven patients presenting with transposition of the great vessels, ventricular septal defects, and pulmonary artery stenosis. The above procedure had been performed during the period 1995-1998, with the short-term and remote results having been analyzed. A detailed description is given of the surgical technique. The Lecompt procedure was found to be superior to the Rastelli operation.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗