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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Electromagnetic articulography: use of alternating magnetic fields for tracking movements of multiple points inside and outside the vocal tract.

The purpose of this paper is to present a new electromagnetic device which uses alternating magnetic fields for tracking movements of multiple points inside and outside the vocal tract. It is biologically safe, noninvasive, it does not interfere with speech movements, allows for multiple recording in the same subject, and for easy collection of large amounts of data. It is especially suitable for evaluation of patients with speech motor impairments.

Electromagnetic Fields↗
PubMed2004

Doping test reveals high concentrations of salbutamol in a Swiss track and field athlete.

Beta-2 agonists are on the list of prohibited substances in sport. Salbutamol by inhalation is permitted to treat allergic asthma, and/or exercise-induced asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. If the level of salbutamol in urine exceeds 1000 ng/mL, the result is considered as a doping violation with an anabolic steroid. We report a case of a track and field athlete who tested well above this limit during a competition. He had a valid therapeutic use exemption for the use of salbutamol by inhalation and he claimed that he never used salbutamol orally. Further studies under controlled application by inhalation showed that this limit was exceeded. We propose that sanctioning bodies in sport should consider this possibility before taking into account a two-year ban for the use of an anabolic steroid.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed2000

Stress fractures and bone health in track and field athletes.

The effect of exercise on bone health has received much attention in recent years. The problems of the female athlete triad: disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis have helped us to better understand and appreciate the important interaction of mechanical, hormonal, nutritional as well as genetic factors on bone health in the young female athlete. The relatively high stress fracture incidence of young track and field athletes can be quite disabling for the athlete's present and future running career. A number of risk factors including low bone mineral density (BMD), menstrual irregularities, dietary factors and prior history of stress fractures have been associated with an increased risk for stress fractures in the female athlete. Few studies have found risk factors for stress fractures in the male athlete. Female gender has been found to be a risk factor for stress fractures in the military population, but this finding is less apparent in athlete studies. Caucasians have been found to have a higher risk for stress fractures than African-American military recruits, but there is very limited data assessing stress fracture risk in athletes of varying ethnicity. Prevention of stress injury to bone involves maximizing peak bone mass in the pediatric and young adult age groups. Maintaining adequate calcium nutrition, caloric intake as well as hormonal and energy balance are important preventive measures, as are ensuring appropriate amounts of weight bearing exercise for optimizing bone health and preventing fractures. More research is needed to determine factors leading to improvements in bone density and fracture reduction in athletes at risk.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1988

Peak performance and age among superathletes: track and field, swimming, baseball, tennis, and golf.

The purpose of this study is to identify the age of peak performance in a broad range of athletic events incorporating multiple, diverse biological systems, learned skills, and motivation. Although many researchers have noted that the absolute levels of peak performance among superathletes have improved dramatically in the last 100 years, to date no one has answered the question of stability of peak performance age over this time period. Analyses of Olympic track and field and swimming data show that the age at which peak performance is achieved has remained remarkably consistent. For both men and women, the age of peak performance increases with the length of the foot race, and women generally achieve peak performance at younger ages. The pattern of increased age with increasing distance is reversed for female swimmers, where younger ages are associated with increasing distance. For most categories of performance in baseball, the peak age of performance is equivalent to that of a long distance runner, about 28 years of age, while top tennis players reach their highest levels of performance at age 24. Golfers, in comparison, peak at about 31 years of age, although recent data suggest movement toward younger ages. A task analysis of each event is carried out, and the relative roles of biology and learning are discussed as determinants of peak performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Written vs. verbal sleep hygiene strategies administration in track and field athletes: a randomized controlled trial study.

BACKGROUND: Sleep hygiene strategies (SHS) are practical, evidence-informed recommendations to enhance both the quantity and quality of sleep in athletes. However, little is known about how these strategies could be communicated and implemented in practice. The primary objective of this study is to investigate how different methods of delivering SHS (written vs. verbal) affect sleep hygiene and sleep parameters in athletes. METHODS: The study was a three-arms randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT07083544) involving track and field athletes competing at the regional or national level (N.=66). Athletes were randomized to either a control group (CON=22), a written SHS group (W-SHS=22), or a verbal SHS group (V-SHS=22). Sleep characteristics were assessed by actigraphy and sleep diary during a ten-day baseline period (T0) and a ten-day intervention period (T1). Six objective sleep parameters and the Sleep Regularity Index were assessed. Participants also completed a training diary and the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). RESULTS: No statistical differences were found between and within groups in training and sleep parameters, but SHI scores improved significantly in the intervention groups between T0 and T1, with differences compared to the control group. A non-significant improvement in total sleep time was observed in the intervention groups, primarily due to earlier bedtimes. CONCLUSIONS: While significant differences in objective sleep measures were not observed, the trends suggest that both written and verbal SHS interventions can modestly improve sleep-related behaviors, particularly by encouraging earlier bedtimes and slightly extending total sleep duration.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of injuries in high school track and field athletes and its relation to performance ability.

Two hundred fifty-seven high school track athletes from 17 teams were observed prospectively for one complete season (77 days) to study the incidence and types of injuries and to establish the relationship among injuries, duration of training, and individual performance ability. One hundred seventy-four (68%) of the athletes were male and 83 (33%) were female. A total of 41 injuries was observed over this period of time. One injury occurred for every 5.8 males and every 7.5 females. On the average, an injury resulted in 8.1 days of missed practice, 8.7 days for males and 6.6 days for females. Sprinting events were responsible for 46% of all injuries. The majority (83%) of injuries involved the lower extremities. Management of these injuries varied greatly. A direct correlation was noted between performance level of the athlete and incidence of injuries. The average noninjured athlete ranked at the 57.4 percentile based on best seasonal performance while the average injured athlete ranked at the 75.4 percentile. This direct relationship was present for both sexes and within all events, although some variation was noted within these separate groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Concurrent periostalgia and chronic proximal deep posterior compartment syndrome in a collegiate track and field athlete: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: Exercise-induced leg pain may be triggered by abnormally high compartment pressure. In addition to the more widely publicized anterior compartment syndrome, the deep posterior compartment syndrome can just as frequently occur, resulting in severe pain and disability due to muscle and nerve ischemia. BACKGROUND: Obtaining a thorough history and compartmental pressure measurements are the usual components in the accurate diagnosis of compartment syndromes. While few other disorders mimic compartment syndromes, differential diagnoses must be considered. Surgical management of deep compartment syndrome, consisting of fasciotomy or fasciectomy, or both, is successful for most patients. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Tibial stress fracture or microfracture, tibial periostitis, tibial periostalgia, distal deep posterior chronic compartment syndrome, proximal deep chronic compartment syndrome, superficial lateral compartment syndrome, deep venous thrombosis, popliteal artery entrapment, or chronic compartment syndrome. UNIQUENESS: Chronic deep compartment syndrome is one of the most common causes of exercise-induced leg pain in aerobic athletes. Therefore, the athletic trainer must be able to recognize the condition. Signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and surgical management of chronic deep compartment syndrome, chronic periostalgia, and superficial lateral compartment syndrame in a 21-year-old Division IA track and field athlete are presented. CONCLUSIONS: With the correct diagnosis, persistent and methodical reevaluation, and appropriate management, the athlete can expect a successful treatment outcome.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Loss of performance while wearing a respirator does not increase during a 22.5-hour wearing period.

To measure loss of performance while wearing a military respirator with and without chemical warfare (CW) clothing for an extended time, a field experiment was carried out with 24 military subjects. With only few short breaks the respirator was worn for 22 h and 30 min, including sleep. Several tests were repeated at different intervals: a 3-km field track run, an obstacle course, and a memory and concentration task. At the field track run the respirator caused 18-20% loss of performance. On the average there was 9% loss of performance at the obstacle course. The memory and concentration task showed 12% loss of performance, however, this only concerned non-mental aspects, such as constriction of visual field. The CW-garment itself led to less loss of performance than the respirator and if both were worn simultaneously, hindrance by the garment was not at all apparent. None of the tests showed an increase in loss of performance with the accumulation of wearing time.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Changes in track and field performance with chronological aging.

Use of existing records to study performance decline with age has been recommended by several writers. This investigation attempts to identify one running, jumping, and throwing event whose performance was most affected by age. Results indicated that the 400 meter run and the long jump events were most affected by advancing age among both male and female master athletes whereas in the area of throws, the event most affected was the javelin for men and the discus for women.

Adult↗