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PubMed1992

[Clinical study of the epidermal growth factor contents in urine, plasma and tissue from the patients with urological diseases].

Contents of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in urine, plasma and tissues in urological diseases were estimated by enzyme immunoassay using beads bound to the anti-EGF antibody, and the clinical significance of the presence of EGF in the disease state was examined. There was no difference in EGF level between healthy male and female subjects (n = 22), and the level showed a tendency to decrease with age (p less than 0.05). The subjects were 19 cases of prostatic cancer, 7 of renal cancer, and 12 of urinary bladder cancer. The difference in EGF level between the healthy subjects and patients was not significant, and the levels were shown to be lower in 8 cases of renal insufficiency (including patients on hemodialysis:HD)(p less than 0.01). Plasma EGF levels in the 30 healthy subjects revealed no significant differences related to sex or age. Plasma EGF levels were lower in 42 cases of renal insufficiency (before and after HD), and in 7 cases of renal cancer (p less than 0.01); they ware significantly lower in 15 cases of prostatic cancer (p less than 0.05). In tissues including tumor sites, EGF levels were higher particularly in the prostatic gland tissue (hypertrophy and cancer regions). Thus, urinary and plasma EGF levels in urological diseases may be useful parameters of renal function, but its relationship with malignant diseases is still unknown. The EGF level should be explored in relation with the EGF receptor.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Microscopic haematuria as a predictor of urological diseases among steel workers.

A cohort of 501 workers in a steel mill in Ontario, Canada was followed up from 1974 to 1986 for 13 years. Results indicate that the 13-year cumulative incidence of urological diseases among workers who had a positive urinalysis result of microscopic haematuria at the beginning of the follow-up period (1974) was 1.3 times that of those who had a negative urinalysis result (95% confidence interval 0.6-2.8). This relative risk remained the same after adjusting for age and smoking. This indicates that there is a possibility that urinary screening for microscopic haematuria could be a useful predictor of urological disease occurrence. However, the benefits of early detection and management were difficult to demonstrate. Serious urological diseases, particularly urinary cancers, were not detected earlier as a result of the urinary screening test in this study. Several studies have been done to validate the test in the past. More work to validate the test and to determine the predictive accuracy is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

An assessment of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor in urine of patients with urological diseases.

To examine the excretion of urinary epidermal growth factor (EGF) in urological diseases and the relationship of EGF urine levels with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), we measured the concentration of EGF by radioimmunoassay. The series comprised patients with active TCC (n = 52), others in tumor-free status (n = 29) and with non-neoplastic inflammatory diseases (n = 43), and normal controls (n = 50). Urinary EGF values were lower in patients with urological diseases of different etiologies than in normal controls (P < 0.005). Mean EGF levels of patients who had previous bladder tumor resection (n = 21) were not statistically different from normal controls (P = 0.2). For patients with active TCC, EGF urine levels showed a significant inverse relationship to increasing tumor grade (P = 0.02). In addition, subjects who had received nephrectomy for pelvic carcinoma (n = 8) showed significantly lower mean EGF values than those with intact kidneys (n = 21), irrespective of sex (P < 0.05). Immunostaining of EGF on non-neoplastic kidney (n = 9) revealed reactivity in the distal convoluted tubules and thick ascending limbs of Henle. Our results suggest that the kidney is the major source of urinary EGF. Its excretion in urine is decreased in both inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the urinary tract. EGF may play an important part in the biological activity of TCC. Further study is indicated to investigate the monitoring of EGF urine levels as a marker of recurrence for EGF receptor-positive TCC.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Laboratory studies in the evaluation of urologic disease: Part I.

This is the first of a two-part article reviewing basic laboratory, imaging, endoscopic, urodynamic, and miscellaneous studies used for screening and diagnosis of urologic disease. Normal values, recommended collection procedures, and interpretation of results are also reviewed. This initial installment deals with laboratory tests used in urologic disease.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1989

Continuous venous access in children with urological diseases.

The placement of multipurpose silicone right atrial catheters for continuous venous access in children with complex urological diseases has become increasingly necessary. Between September 1985 and September 1987, 26 children with a variety of urological diseases required long-term central venous access, primarily for delivery of chemotherapy and blood products in 13 patients with malignancies, hemodialysis access in 7 undergoing renal transplantation, total parenteral nutrition in 5 (2 of whom were born with cloacal exstrophy), and fluid and antibiotic administration in 1 with dermatomyositis and acute pyelonephritis. Patient age at catheter placement ranged from 1 day to 15 years. A total of 11 complications was encountered during 4,500 catheter days: 10 were mechanical and 1 was infectious in nature. These complications led to replacement of the catheter in 3 patients and the remainder were managed successfully nonoperatively. The surgical techniques involved in placement of these catheters are discussed. The catheters not only allowed many of these patients to receive treatment on an outpatient basis but also ensured their survival. Our favorable experience with prolonged venous access in children should encourage urologists to include these techniques in their armamentarium.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ways to reduce disability as a consequence of urologic diseases].

Analysis of the disability pattern associated with urological diseases revealed that the patient's capacity for work depended rather on the nature of the lesion in the kidney or urinary tract (uni- or bilateral involvement or the involvement of a sole kidney) than on the nosological entity. The reasons of low rehabilitation levels could be explained by a late diagnosis, insufficient conservative or operational treatment, low qualification of labor examination committee and the defects of a dispensary follow-up. The authors defined the main criteria for the assessment of urologic patient's capacity for work and, on their basis, developed a mathematical simulation model for disability and techniques for individual approach in the prognosis for the labor capacity. The ways to raise the efficacy of rehabilitation measures were defined as well.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The blood rheological properties in suppurative-septic urologic diseases and their correction by plasmapheresis].

A total of 18 patients with pyoseptic urological diseases (the main group) treated with plasmapheresis and 18 patients who were not (the control group) were studied for certain rheological parameters: platelet and red cell aggregation, number of platelets, hematocrit, ESR, viscosity values of the blood with a shift rate of 9 and 105 s-1 and osmotic resistance of red cells. 18 patients were exposed to 26 plasmapheresis sessions with a plasma removal of 3-3.2% of the body weight. Significant disorders of blood rheology: higher platelet ad red cell aggregation, lower erythrocyte osmotic resistance and increased blood viscosity were revealed in patients with pyoseptic urological diseases. In case plasmapheresis was included into the complex treatment, in line with the clinical efficacy of the latter a rapid normalization of the aforementioned parameters was documented by the 3-7th day of the treatment. Uroseptic patients who were exposed to plasmapheresis demonstrated improved microcirculation confirmed by isotope renography and Bengal rose which identified the improved performance of the kidneys and the liver. With account for the beneficial effect of plasmapheresis on hemorheological values in uroseptic patients, the authors suggested that for septic patients plasmapheresis substitution type should be changed.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed2003

Diagnostic tests and tools in the evaluation of urologic disease: Part II.

This is the second of a two-part article reviewing basic laboratory, imaging, endoscopic, urodynamic, and miscellaneous studies used for screening and diagnosis of urologic disease. Part one dealt with laboratory analysis. This installment deals with diagnostic tests and tools used in urologic disease.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1996

Urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP) in Egyptian patients with benign and advanced malignant urological disease.

Urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP) levels were determined in urine samples from 450 Egyptian subjects to determine its relative level of expression in benign and malignant urological disease, and normal individuals. The mean UGP level in patients with bladder cancer was 44-fold higher than in patients with benign disease, and 81-fold higher than in normal individuals. At specificities of 95% and 100%, overall sensitivities of 73% and 60%, respectively, were observed for the detection of malignant disease. Mean UGP levels in patients with bladder cancer were significantly correlated with the stage and grade of malignant disease but did not vary significantly when stratified according to histological type of disease, nodal involvement or bilharzial association. UGP could be a potentially useful marker for the differentiation of benign from malignant urological disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Revealing urologic diseases by proteomic techniques.

Proteomics, as the study of the proteomes of tissues and body fluids, has recently been introduced as a tool for revealing urologic diseases. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionzation (SELDI) are two techniques used in proteomic studies. Among the many urologic diseases, the malignancies including prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cancer are the subjects most often selected for proteomic analysis. Poor reproducibility is one of the difficulties that must be overcome in order for proteomic technology to be a robust tool.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2001

[Analysis of clinical costs for inpatients with the urologic diseases in 1997].

OBJECTIVES: Because of recent increases in health care costs, reformation care cost system similar to the disease related group/prospective payment system (DRG/PPS) was attracted attention in Japan. We analyzed the costs for inpatients with urologic diseases in our institution and compared them with the costs reported in Japanese trials of DRG/PPS. MATERIALS & METHODS: Subject consisted of 363 consecutive urologic diseases inpatients treated in our hospital in the period between April 1 1997 and March 31 1998. Of these 107 had bladder tumor, 79 BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia), 34 prostate tumor, 32 renal tumor, 17 in urinary stone (excluding cases with bladder stones) and 94 cases in others. The total hospital charge for each case was calculated, and the averages and standard deviations for each disease were analyzed. We analyzed the relationship between hospital charges for each disease, and complications, the degree of disease, age and length of stay (LOS). Health care costs are assessed in unit, each of which is the equivalent of 10 yen. RESULTS: The average of total hospital charges was 108,841.6 points for bladder tumor, 61,692.2 points for BPH, 96,825.3 points for prostate tumor, 188,459.0 points for renal tumor, and 66,052.2 points for urinary stones. The standard deviation was 99,611.3 points for bladder tumors, 16,712.9 points for BPH, 65,419.3 points for prostate tumor, 204,389.6 points for renal tumor and 30,081.7 points for urinary stone. There was a positive correlation between hospital charge and LOS in most diseases. The average hospital charges for each disease were much higher than the reimbursement charges of the trial Japanese DRG/PPS. DISCUSSION: Shortening of LOS using established clinical pathways reduces health care costs. However, in Japan, the wide range of preliminary results suggests that it may be too early to introduce the DRG/PPS system for health care cost. Furthermore nationwide investigations are needed before the introduction of the DRG/PPS system into Japanese health care reimbursement system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Complications of urologic diseases in diabetes mellitus].

It is reported on complications of urological diseases in diabetes mellitus. Above all the diabetic late syndrome and its multiform and uncharacteristic symptomatology in the urogenital system are discussed in detail. The present form of diabetes control can not yet be regarded as optimum form. It should be striven for changes, since it is to be reckoned with an increase of diabetes mellitus all over the world.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Perftoran in the endotoxicosis correction in purulent-inflammatory urological diseases].

Perftoran (PF) was used within a complex intensive care of 74 patients with purulent-inflammatory urological diseases and with signs of generalized inflammation. Positive effects were found to be made by PF on the parameters of microcirculation, oxygen status, dynamics of the serum content of cytokines, condition of their balance and immune status, which entailed a regression of endogenous intoxication and arrested the inflammatory lesion in the kidneys. PF cut the intensive care time of patients with complicated urological infection by 4.2+/-0.4 days (p < 0.05). The conclusion is that PF is a novel pathogenetic treatment method applicable to patients with purulent-inflammatory urological diseases.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

[The clinical value of urinary polyamine analysis in urological disease].

To study the clinical usefulness of the determination of urinary polyamine levels, voluntary urine of several urological diseases including 56 bladder tumor patients was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The obtained values were adjusted by the concentration of urinary creatinine and expressed as the unit of mumol/g creatinine (mumol/g Cr) From the measurement of 8 normal adults, the normal upper limit of each polyamine was decided by mean + 2SD, and the limit for total polyamine was 59.1 mumol/g Cr, putrescine 38.1 mumol/g Cr, spermidine 16.6 mumol/g Cr and spermine 9.2 mumol/g Cr, respectively. In the patients with non-neoplastic benign urological disease, the polyamine levels were statistically not different from those of the normal adults. In the case of bladder tumor, the urinary levels of total polyamine, putrescine and spermine were significantly elevated compared with the control group. The true positive rate of this determination in bladder tumor patients was 26/56 (46%) by total polyamine level, 21/56 (38%), by putrescine level, 11/56 (56%) by spermidine level and 16/56 (29%) by spermine level. Grade or stage of the bladder tumor did not have any significant correlation with the urinary polyamine level. This determination would not be included in routine clinical examinations due to the difficulty of measurement, difference of urine sampling and lack of high sensitivity and specificity.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2000

Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of urologic disease: an all-in-one approach.

The aim of this study was to evaluate an "all-in-one" MR procedure to examine the kidneys, the renal vascular supply and renal perfusion, and the urinary tract. In 64 patients (58 with urologic disease and 6 healthy volunteers), MR was performed including: (a) T1- and T2-weighted imaging; (b) 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA), including the renal arteries, renal veins, as well as renal perfusion; and (c) 3D contrast-enhanced MR urography (MRU) in the coronal and sagittal plane. For the latter, low- and high-resolution images were compared. Prior to gadolinium injection, 0.1 mg/kg body weight of furosemide was administered intravenously. The results were compared with correlative imaging modalities (ultrasonography, intravenous urography, CT), ureterorenoscopy and/or surgical-pathologic findings. Visualization of the renal parenchyma, the vascular supply, and the collecting system was adequate in all cases, both in nondilated and in dilated systems and irrespective of the renal function. One infiltrating urothelial cancer was missed; there was one false-positive urothelial malignancy. Different MR techniques can be combined to establish an all-in-one imaging modality in the assessment of diseases which affect the kidneys and urinary tracts. Continuous refinement of the applied MR techniques and further improvements in spatial resolution is needed to expand the actual imaging possibilities and to create new tracts and challenges in the MR evaluation of urologic disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The classification of the urological diseases of newborn and nursing infants].

In the attempt to classify most common urological diseases in neonates the authors have summarized more than 700 cases. The examinees' age ranged from a few hours to four months. The diagnosis was made antenatally or early in postnatal life according to the leading symptoms of abdominal, uropoietic, urination and urine quality defects. Depending on the urinary damage at different stages of intra- and extrauterine development and time of primary symptoms recognition, the authors propose to distinguish antenatal, intranatal and postnatal lesions. These include congenital conditions, dysfunctions, conditions caused by tissue and system immaturity, etc. Instructions on the choice of optimal therapeutic policy for each group are given.

Fetal Diseases↗