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PubMed1981

[Influence of the dietary level of vitamin B6 on the vitamin nutritional status of the lactating rat and the litter (author's transl)].

Seven groups of female rats which had given birth to the litters of 8 youngs (or litters adjusted to 8 youngs) were fed diets containing respectively 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 mg/kg of vitamin B6. Fourteen days after littering, the vitamin B6 content was measured in female tissues (blood, liver, carcass) or in those of the youngs (liver, carcass). Besides, the vitamin B6 content in the stomach of the youngs was measured, 3, 7 and 14 days after birth. 1. When the dietary vitamin B6 content is less than or equal to 1 mg/kg the blood vitamin level in the mother remains very low. As the dietary level rises (beyond 1 mg/kg) the blood vitamin level markedly increases. However the liver and carcass vitamin contents in the mother do not show any baseline value only the carcass content reaches a top value. 2. The highest vitamin B6 content in the stomach of the youngs (milk) is already reached when the diets contains 4 mg/kg of the vitamin. 3. Same results are obtained regarding the vitamin contents of the liver and carcass in the youngs. Therefore it appears that these levels are mainly related to the milk vitamin B6 content in the mother. In a previous work however, it was shown that in similar experimental conditions, the maximum tissue thiamin contents depend upon other mechanisms.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes on levels of B6 vitamin and aminotransferase in the liver of diabetic animals.

We measured aminotransferase activity and vitamin B6 content in the livers of diabetic mice. Two different types of mice were used for the measurements, spontaneously non-obese diabetic (NOD) or alloxan-induced diabetic (Allo) mice, and control mice were either non-diabetic NOD or Institute of Cancer Research (ICR). The liver of diabetic mice had more aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity than those of normal mice. The diabetic livers also had more vitamin B6 than did normal livers, and pyridoxamine (PM) levels were particularly high but pyridoxal (PL) levels were not. ICR livers showed hepatic alanine aminotransferase activities inversely correlated with blood glucose concentrations, while diabetic livers did not. The abundance of AST and B6 in the diabetic liver is consistent with the great need for gluconeogenic substrate there. This is understandable in that most aminotransferases require B6 vitamins, and especially the correlation between s-AST and PM levels was recognized in the diabetic liver. Conversely, the AST and PM levels were negatively correlated in normal mice. A metabolic shift towards gluconeogenesis apparently produces more B6 and PM while it induced holo-AST synthesis.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2000

Effects of vitamin B6 supplementation in rats during lactation on vitamin B6 concentration and transaminase activities in the offspring.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of a varying maternal vitamin B6 supplementation during lactation period on vitamin B6 levels in blood, liver and total body, and on the activity of two transaminase enzymes in the offspring. Therefore, eighty female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a semi-synthetic diet (0.2 mg vitamin B6 per kg) which was supplemented during gravidity with 5 mg vitamin B6 per kg diet. During the following lactation period the rats were assigned to one of 10 vitamin B6 treatment groups (supplementation of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 36, 360, 3600 mg vitamin B6 per kg diet). At day 14 of lactation the pubs of all dams were decapitated and blood, liver, and carcass were used for analysis of vitamin B6 concentration, activities of two transaminases, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in plasma, erythrocytes, and liver, and of haematological parameters. While the liver and total body wet weights as well as the haematological parameters (red blood cells, haemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, middle corpuscular cell volume, middle corpuscular haemoglobin, middle corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) did not differ within the experimental groups, the present data clearly show that in blood, liver and total body of the offspring exists a slight dose-response relationship between the maternal dietary vitamin B6 supplementation and the vitamin B6 concentration. Concerning the activities of the transaminases a dietary supplementation above 3 mg vitamin B6 per kg diet had no influence on the AST and ALT activities in offspring plasma. In the erythrocytes no statistical significant influence of the vitamin B6 supplementation during lactation on the activities of AST and ALT was found. The activities of ALT and AST in liver were not consistently altered by the vitamin B6 supplementation of the dams during lactation. In conclusion these results indicate that a minimal maternal dietary vitamin B6 supply of 3.1 mg per kg diet is necessary with regard to health and development of their offspring. But not all of the analysed parameters as the liver and total body weights, the activities of AST and ALT in the erythrocytes, and the haematological parameters were influenced by a deficient maternal dietary vitamin B6 supply.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1996

Effect of feeding various dietary vitamin B6 concentrations during gestation and lactation on vitamin B6 level in liver and carcass of rat dams.

The present investigation was designed to determine the vitamin B6 concentration in liver and carcass of rat dams fed various dietary vitamin B6 levels during gestation and lactation. Therefore, gravid female rats received 0.6, 3, 6, 18 or 180 mg vitamin B6 per kg diet. After parturition each group was divided into 2 groups of 8 dams each, which received then a diet with 3, respectively 6 mg/kg vitamin B6 during lactation. At the end of the experiment at day 14 of lactation weight gain and food consumption as well as liver and carcass weights did not differ within the groups. The present data clearly show that both in liver and carcass of lactating rats, there exists only a slight dose-response-relationship between the dietary vitamin B6 intake and the vitamin B6 concentration in body tissue. Moreover, liver reflects the various vitamin B6 supplies during gestation and lactation somewhat better than carcass. The distribution of the vitamins did not differ among the groups and was therefore independent of the vitamin B6 supply. The present findings, especially regarding the liver, elucidate, that an adequate vitamin B6 supply during lactation can not compensate for a lack of vitamin B6 during gestation and vice versa a high dose of vitamin B6 during gestation did not completely protect against a suboptimal vitamin B6 during lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Comparison of vitamin B6 status of gravid and nongravid rats with varying vitamin B6 supplements].

In a two-factorial experiment the influence of graded vitamin B6 supplements on the vitamin B6 status of pregnant and nonpregnant rats was examined. Additionally the question concerning a vitamin B6 super-retention in pregnancy should be investigated. The experiment was carried out with 69 female SPF-Sprague-Dawley rats. Nine rats served as controls and were killed at the beginning of the experiment. On the first experimental day half of the remaining animals were mated at an average body weight of 210 g. The rats were then divided into five dietary groups, each containing 6 gravid and 6 nongravid animals. Throughout the experiment the rats received a semisynthetic casein-starch diet, containing 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 mg vit. B6/kg respectively. The trial ended at day 19 of pregnancy. Liver, right and left gastrocnemius muscle and the remaining carcass (without the intestinum and the reproductive product of the pregnant animals) were microbiologically analysed for their vitamin B6 contents. The vitamin B6 status of the liver, which contained an average of 8.4 micrograms vit. B6/g fresh matter (FM) was not influenced by pregnancy. In muscle and carcass, however, pregnancy caused significantly reduced vitamin B6 levels of 4.8 and 2.6 micrograms vit. B6/g FM. Compared to the concentrations of the nongravid animals the values of the gravid rats were decreased by 6 and 7% respectively. The vitamin B6 supply of 1 mg/kg diet caused significantly lowered vitamin B6 concentrations in muscle and carcass of all animals. Intake levels of more than 6 ppm vitamin B6, however, did not further improve the vitamin B6 status of these organs. The carcass was only poorly affected by the vitamin B6 supplementations. Significant differences in vitamin B6 concentrations were only found between the 1 and 48 ppm vitamin B6 treatment. The whole vitamin B6 pool of the maternal organism, except the reproductive product, decreased in pregnancy from an average of 651 to 596 micrograms vitamin B6. Because of these results a super-retention could not be proved for vitamin B6. Moreover, a recommendation for the optimal vitamin B6 requirement in pregnancy was derived from the present results. Accordingly a supply of 6 mg vit. B6/kg diet, equivalent to a daily intake of 80 micrograms vitamin B6, is thought to be adequate to ensure an optimal vitamin B6 status in pregnant rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Influence of different dietary vitamin B6 supply during gravidity and lactation on total vitamin B6 concentration (pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine) in blood and milk.

In a two factorial trial with 80 (5 x 2 x 8) Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 257 g the influence of different dietary vitamin B6 supply on concentration in blood and milk was examined. The two factors were 5 doses of alimentary vitamin B6 supply during pregnancy (0.6, 3, 6, 18, and 180 mg vitamin B6 per kg diet) and 2 doses in lactation (3 and 6 mg vitamin B6 per kg diet). The rats were fed a semisynthetic diet. The daily food intake was 14 g during pregnancy and ad libitum during lactation. At day 7 and 13 of lactation the dams were milked and at day 14 the animals were killed by decapitation. Vitamin B6 concentration of milk at 7th and 13th day of lactation and vitamin B6 concentration of blood at 14th day of lactation were examined. The mean total vitamin B6 concentration in blood was 0.18 microgram/ml and consisted of 94.8% pyridoxal and 5.2% pyridoxamine. An elevation in vitamin B6 supply during pregnancy led to an increase in blood vitamin B6 concentration of 40% and the vitamin B6 treatment during lactation caused an increase of 50%. The mean total vitamin B6 concentration in milk at the 7th day of lactation was 0.35 microgram/ml and consisted of 79.5% pyridoxal, 15.6% pyridoxamine and 4.9% pyridoxine. An elevation in dietary vitamin B6 supply during pregnancy led to an increase in milk vitamin B6 concentration of 79% and vitamin B6 treatment during lactation led to an increase of 38%. The mean total vitamin B6 concentration in milk at the 13th day of lactation was 0.44 microgram/ml and consisted of 79.8% pyridoxal, 13.9% pyridoxamine and 6.3% pyridoxine. Milk vitamin B6 concentration was increased by 53% through the dietary supply during pregnancy and by 32% through the higher lactational supply. The experiments indicate that vitamin B6 concentration in blood and milk is a reflection of dietary supply, whereby in lactation milk concentration is less influenced than blood.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1976

Decarboxylation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in vitamin B6 deficiency in rat liver.

The effect of a prolonged diet deficient in B6-vitamin on the activity of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from rat liver was investigated. In contrast to an earlier report, 12 adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity was not found to be decreased under these restricted nutritional conditions. Moreover, the addition of pyridoxal phosphate into the standard incubation mixture did not stimulate the activity of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from the livers of the rats fed the B6-vitamin deficient diet. It is suggested that the contradictory results of Sturman and Kremzner12 might be based on an artificial liberation of carbon dioxide from S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate. The results of this communication do not support the view that pyridoxal phosphate acts as the prosthetic group of rat liver adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase↗
PubMed1999

Plasma total homocysteine response to oral doses of folic acid and pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) in healthy individuals. Oral doses of vitamin B6 reduce concentrations of serum folate.

Plasma total homocysteine response was compared in four groups of healthy individuals given orally divided doses of vitamin supplementations for a duration of 5 weeks. The vitamin supplements; A, 0.3 mg folic acid; B, 120 mg vitamin B6; C, combination of 0.3 mg folic acid and 120 mg vitamin B6 or D, 0.6 mg folic acid reduced the concentrations of plasma total homocysteine 20, 17, 32 and 24%, respectively. However, the intergroup comparisons did not show a significant difference in the effects of vitamin supplements. Multivariate analysis with correction for differences in pre-supplement values indicated a significant effect of vitamin B6 supplementation on plasma total homocysteine and serum folate. Our data show that plasma total homocysteine concentrations are reduced with low to medium divided doses of folic acid alone or in combination with vitamin B6.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Mono-vitamin B6 complexes of palladium(II) and their interactions with nucleosides.

The interactions of potassium tetrachloropalladate(II) with the B6 vitamins pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine in 1:1 molar ratio have been studied. From DMF solutions, the ionic trichloro (pyridoxal or pyridoxine) palladates(II) were isolated. Pyridoxamine, on the other hand, in aqueous solutions gave the dimeric complex bis [mu-chloro-pyridoxaminato-palladium(II)]. In the first two complexes, the ligands coordinated to palladium through their pyridine nitrogen while, in the last one, pyridoxamine acted as a chelating ligand through its phenolic oxygen and aminomethyl nitrogen. All three complexes reacted with nucleosides, yielding the complexes [Pd(PL)(Nucl)Cl2], [Pd(PN)(Nucl)Cl2], and [Pd(PM-H+)(Nucl)Cl], respectively. Those complexes with one ionizable N(1)H imino proton underwent deprotonation, and the new mixed ligand complexes [Pd(PL)(Nucl-H+)Cl], [Pd(PN)(Nucl-H+)], and [Pd(PM-H+)(Nucl-H+)] were formed. In all mixed ligand complexes, the B6 vitamins maintained their coordination modes. The nucleosides, on the other hand, exhibited their usual coordination sites, i.e., in the nondeprotonated complexes, purine nucleosides coordinated only through their N7 atom. In the deprotonated complexes, they acted as bidentate ligands and coordinated through their N7 and O6 atoms. All complexes were characterized with elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, and various spectroscopic techniques.

Chemical Phenomena↗