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Results for “WEIGHTS AND MEASURES”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Weight measurement of upper eyelid gold implants for lagophthalmos in facial paralysis.

The use of the gold weight is an established procedure in the treatment of lagophthalmos and usually produces successful results. The critical technical issues are the firm suture fixation to the tarsal plate and the high location of the weight on this plate. However, the estimated weight of the implant from the trials on the skin of the upper lid fails to obtain the expected eye closure outcomes after surgical implantation on the tarsal plate. One of the main reasons could be the different curvature on the skin and on the tarsal plate of the upper eyelid. In this study, the angles between the vertical line and the surface of the outer (skin) and inner (tarsal plate) part of the upper eyelid have been analyzed when the eye is opened and closed. The results show that an addition of 0.2 g to the gold weight estimated in the trial is required to achieve a similar closure of the eye by means of the gold implant on the tarsal plate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Perceived and measured weight changes during adolescent pregnancy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study examines the accuracy of recalled gestational weight gain and maximum weight gain during pregnancy and evaluates which factors have an impact on those estimates. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Adolescent pregnancy clinic in an urban hospital. SUBJECTS: Forty postpartum adolescents were recruited. Half the subjects were evaluated within 6 months postpartum, and half were seen over the next 9 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Months postpartum, intrapartum weight gain documented in chart, maximum weight documented in chart, recalled intrapartum weight gain, recalled maximum weight; differences between chart-documented and recalled weight gain and maximum weight. RESULTS: Self-documented and documented weight gain and maximum intrapartum weights were highly correlated (Pearson r = .99), although those at highest weight tended to underestimate their weight gain and maximum weight. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents are able to reliably recall weight gain and maximum weight during pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Fad diets and obesity--Part I: Measuring weight in a clinical setting.

Obesity is a recognized epidemic in many regions around the world and billions of dollars are spent each year in attempting to combat this problem. However, before a discussion of the different conventional and alternative treatments for obesity can be initiated, it is first critical to determine whether or not a certain individual is actually overweight, obese, or has an excess of adipose tissue. Therefore, a review of the various popular and unpopular measurements of obesity is needed. A variety of measurements exist such as bioelectrical impedance, body mass index (BMI), crude weight, densitometry, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), lean body mass (LBM), skinfold thickness, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). All of these measurements contain inherent advantages and disadvantages, but many of these can still be used in a clinical setting. Health professionals should acquaint themselves with these different measurements in order to take the first step in bringing attention to and potentially treating a condition that affects virtually every medical discipline.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2001

Historical cohort study of US man-made vitreous fiber production workers: III. Analysis of exposure-weighted measures of respirable fibers and formaldehyde in the nested case-control study of respiratory system cancer.

The most recent findings of our nested case-control study of respiratory system cancer (RSC) among male fiberglass workers showed some evidence of elevated RSC risk associated with non-baseline levels of average intensity of exposure (AIE) to respirable fibers (RFib). When adjusted for smoking, this was not statistically significant, and no trend was apparent with increasing levels of exposure. Similar findings for RSC were noted for both cumulative exposure (Cum) and AIE to formaldehyde (FOR). In this reanalysis of our nested case-control study, we explored a possible exposure-response relationship between RSC and exposure to RFib or FOR using exposure weighting as an alternative characterization of exposure. Because of the uncertainties in selecting an appropriate exposure-weighting scheme, a range of plausible time lags and unlagged/lagged time windows was considered. As in the initial analysis of the nested case-control study, RFib and FOR exposures were categorized at the deciles of the RSC case distribution. For none of the exposure weighting schemes considered did we observe an increasing RSC risk with increasing levels of RFib_Cum or RFib_AIE. The exposure-weighted estimated risk ratios (RR) for both RFib_Cum and RFib_AIE were generally lower than those obtained from an unweighted model. For FOR_Cum, RRs were generally lower for the time-lagged and unlagged time window models than for the unweighted models, although some decile-specific RRs were higher for the lagged time window models. The exposure-weighted RRs for FOR_AIE were generally lower than the unweighted RRs for all of the weighting schemes considered. This reanalysis in terms of categorized exposures reveals no exposure-response relationships that were undetected in the original analysis where unweighted exposure measures were used. In the schemes considered, exposure weighting generally reduced the estimated risk of RSC.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Validity of single-weight measurements to predict current malnutrition and mortality in children.

In this cross-sectional study of a random cluster sample of 4238 rural Zairian children aged 0-5 y, we assessed underweight and wasting, defined as weight-for-age < 75%, and weight-for-height < 80% of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics reference median, respectively. We determined the diagnostic validity of underweight and wasting for protein-energy malnutrition, taking a low arm circumference and clinical signs of muscle loss as criteria. Both underweight and wasting had low sensitivity in recognizing low arm circumference, any clinical muscle loss and even severe marasmus, especially in the weaning period of 12-30 mos. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the diagnostic validity of weight-for-height can be improved by using a cutoff for wasting at Z-score -0.75 instead of Z-score -2 or 80% of reference median. ROC analysis of 30-mo mortality revealed a poor prognostic validity of weight-for-height and weight-for-age and better performances of arm circumference (cm) and of age. These data suggest that nutritional intervention programs targeted at wasted or underweight children can have only a limited effect on the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition in the community or on the long-term mortality associated with it.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2003

Body mass index and asthma among Mexican adults: the effect of using self-reported vs measured weight and height.

Several recent studies have demonstrated a positive association between obesity and asthma among women but not men. The present study examines the effect of misclassification of body mass index (BMI) in the association between obesity and asthma by gender. This cross-sectional analysis included a total sample of 961 Mexican adults. Use of measured BMI revealed that obesity (BMI >30 kg/m(2)) was a risk factor for asthma diagnosis in both men (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.9) and women (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5-3.8). In contrast, use of self-reported BMI showed that only women (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7) and not men (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.6-2.9) were at increased risk of asthma diagnosis. Use of self-reported BMI substantially underestimated the prevalence of obesity; this bias was not related to asthma per se but was mainly due to obesity. Therefore, misclassification of BMI obscured the relationship between obesity and asthma to a greater extent among men than among women since obesity prevalence in the general population was higher among men. Measurement bias merits greater attention in future research on obesity and asthma.

Adult↗