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Results for “cribriform”

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PubMed1977

Experimental morphological study on structure and function of the filtration angel of the rat eye.

The chamber angle of the eye of pigmented laboratory rats was studied in normal structure and experimentally with the electron microscope. Their exists a circular, flattened canal which corresponds in its topographical position and in its ultrastructural construction to the canal of Schlemm in humans and primates. A trabecular meshwork, comparable to the trabeculum cribriforme in primate eyes, lies directly below the inner wall of Schlemm's canal. The endothelial cells of the trabeculae show phagocytotic activity. The trabecular meshwork is, however, far less intensive in the rat eye than in that of man and it extends up to the spaces of Fontana. Beside a few differences there exist great similarities in structure and function of the chamber angle of the rat eye compared to the corresponding area of eye of man and primates.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Hormone blood levels in patients with prostatic carcinoma and their relation to the type of carcinoma growth differentiation.

Human prolactin (HPr), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), oestrone and oestradiol are measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and bilogical prolactin activity additionally by pigeon crop sac assay in plasma of patients with prostatic carcinoma and two control groups. Pigeon crop sac assay is more often positive in cancer patients (50%) than in controls (20%) and HPr distinctly elevated in 20% of the carcinoma patients. Patients are classified according to histological type of tumour: carcinomas with cribriform and/or solid growth show significantly elevated pigeon crop sac activity and higher testosterone, DHT and oestrone levels in plasma than tumours without such growth. Values are discussed with respect to age.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Esthesioneuroblastoma: diagnosis and treatment.

Esthesioneuroblastoma is a nasal tumor which arises from cells of neural crest origin. It is a difficult tumor to diagnose clinically and histopathologically. First described in 1924, approximately 160 cases have been reported with over 125 of these in the last 15 years. This reflects an increased awareness of the tumor by physicians rather than an icreased incidence. In the past 17 years, 12 cases of esthesioneuroblastoma have been treated at the Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University of Virginia Medical Center. Reviewing these cases and the literature leads us to make the following recommendations for diagnosis and treatment: The diagnosis of esthesioneuroblastoma can be made by 1) the clinician who suspects it in any patient with a nasal mass causing unilateral obstruction; 2) the finding of plexiform intercellular fibrils by light microscopy (rosettes and pseudorosettes are not as common as reported); 3) the finding of secretory granules and neurites by electron microscopy of the highly undifferentiated tumors; and 4) formaldehyde-fume-induced fluorescence. Combined therapy with preoperative irradiation followed by craniofacial resection of the tumor to include the cribriform plate is recommended. This treatment should result in a five-year survival in excess of 50% of patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cholesteatoma of the frontal and ethmoid areas.

Cholesteatomas of the frontoethmoid region must always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a mass in the frontoethmoid region. A painless, slow-growing mass, often accompanied by proptosis and diplopia, but without history of trauma or infection, should make one suspect of this pathologic entity. Although histologically a benign lesion, the keratinizing squamous epithelial lining will continue to desquamate and expand, leading to erosion of surrounding structures which could be life-threatening. In order to prevent recurrence, complete removal of the cyst lining is mandatory. Cosmetic reconstruction, often requiring obliteration of the surgical cavity, should be delayed for one year to insure against recurrence of the covering of active squamous tissue adjacent to dura, cribriform plate or ocular structures.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study on rat bone marrow sinuses and transmural migration of blood cells.

Bone marrow sinuses of young rats were examined under the scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM). Marrow sinus wall was composed of three layers: an inner or luminal endothelium, an outer or adventitial cell layer, and a basal lamina in between. The luminal surface of the endothelial cells was quite smooth and showed some fenestrations, which could be divided into two types according to their size. One was represented by larger fenestrations (1-3 mum in diameter) which were presumed to be formed transiently at the site of blood cell migration, while the other by small pores (0.1 mum) grouped into a cribriform area. The adventitial cells showed a discontinuous layer in the TEM. Under the SEM, the discontinuity corresponded to the spaces formed between the cytoplasmic attenuations of the cells. Blood cell migration from the extravascular hemopoietic tissue into the sinus lumen was numerously observed. The migration occurred not through an intercellular gap, but through the larger intracellular fenestration of the endothelial lining mentioned above. A number of megakaryocytes were identified by their bulky cytoplasm in the parenchyme. Figures suggesting the sequence of platelet liberation from this cell could be demonstrated. First, the megakaryocyte extended its peripheral cytoplasmic processes into the sinus through endothelial fenestrations. The processes, being conspicuously extended, became periodically constricted. Finally, platelets were believed to be produced by separation at the constricted portions and liberated to circulation. The occurrence of a few endothelial fenestrations apparently unassociated with blood cell migration may possibly be ascribed to detachment of a blood cells due to vascular perfusion. The functional significance of the adventitial cell was discussed in association with blood cell migration.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistula simulating tears. Case report.

A young child developed delayed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and CSF leak from the eye presenting as tears. The "tears" were CSF which had tracked from the cribriform plate through the ethmoidal air sinuses to the medial aspect of the left orbit. There was marked chemosis and it was considered likely that the tears had leaked through damaged conjunctiva.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1979

Studies on cell surface conformation following injury. II. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of cell surface changes following anoxic injury in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

Exposure of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells to anoxia resulted in rapid and characteristic conformational changes of cell surface topography. Combined scanning and transmission E/M studies revealed rapid alterations including simplification of the cell surface configuration with disappearance of microvilli which were replaced with formation of blebs and recesses at the cell periphery. These surface changes were accompanied by characteristic organelle alterations inside the cells which in this and other cellular systems have been shown to be reversible. Later, the cell surface topography became smoother and monotonic with small blebs and cribriform invaginations in addition to larger eruptions of the cell periphery. Combined transmission E/M studies revealed fragmentation of cellular membrane systems and lysis of organelles indicating the irreversible phase of anoxic injury. The rapid conformational surface changes encountered in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells following anoxia suggest the important role of the plasma membrane and its unfolding as a virtually instantaneous response of the cells to this injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[Electronmicroscopic studies of the trabecular meshwork in corticosteroid glaucoma].

The tissue specimen of a 41-year-old patient with cortisonglaucoma, obtained by trabeculectomy, was examined by electronmicroscope. There are massive depositions of band-like and linear arranged structures in the cribriform area and adjacent lamellae of the trabeculum corneosclerale. The pathways for aqueous humor of this region are almost completely obstructed by this material. That is the reason for an increased outflow resistance. The cells of this area show signs of degeneration and are reduced in their numbers. -- The cortisonglaucoma differs from all the other forms of glaucoma especially from glaucoma simplex by these characteristic deposits.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Free-living amebic meningoencephalitides: comparative study.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is an infectious disease essentially confined to the central nervous system (CNS) and caused by free-living ameboflagellates of the genus Naegleria (N) and Acanthamoeba (A). N produces an acute fulminant, usually fatal hemorrhagic-necrotizing meningoencephalitis, associated with an inflammatory reaction composed of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and a few lymphocytes. The incubation period is between 3-7 days. Typically, PAM occurs in healthy, young individuals, who frequently have a history of swimming or washing their face in infested waters. The portal of entry into the CNS is through the olfactory neuroepithelium, at the level of the cribriform plate and invasion of the amyelinic submucosal nervous plexus. Trophozoites are the only amebic forms found in the lesions. By contrast, A produces a sub-acute or chronic granulamotous meningoencephalitis (AM) with multinucleated foreign body giant cells, lymphocytes and monocytes. Cysts and trophozoites may be present in the lesions. AM have been reported in chronically ill debilitated individuals, some of them under immunosuppressive therapy, without history of recent swimming. The portal of entry into the CNS appears to be by hematogenous route. The incubation period is unknown, but perhaps more than 10 days. This comparison indicates that infection due to Naegleria produces a clearly defined clinco-pathological entity, which differs significantly from that due to Acanthamoeba, and both species of amebus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of amebic meningoencephalitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[Computed tomography of cranio-facial injuries (author's transl)].

For the detection of the finest changes in bone structure--like arrosions, porotic alterations, small fracture and fissure lines--computed tomography (CT) is yet surpassed by X-ray tomography: The current resolving power of CT is smaller, our Delta Scanner's layer thickness of 13mm is too large. Nevertheless, the advantages of CT in fronto-basal injuries augment essentially the diagnostic possibilities: with few layers and without great problems in setting projections, most of the possible injuries may be easily surveyed. The traumatized patient ist only minimally discomforted by the whole-body scanner. The lens dose is far less than the values of X-ray tomography reaches. Dislocated fracture fragments, brain traumatisation with and without hemorrhage, defects of the cribriform plate with concimitant brain prolaps, trauma of intraorbital structures, injuries to the nasal cavity and paranasal injuries may easily be detected. These findings influence importantly the surgical intervention and enable one to set up a planning of time and intercollegiate treatment. The postoperative care ist improved and inflammatory complications may be pointed out. In diagnosis of frontobasal injuries we therefore recommand: 1. X-ray survey and eventually X-ray radiograms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. 2. Computed-tomography (CT). 3. For fine detailed study of bone structures like fissures and smalles fractures X-ray tomography will still remain indispensable.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[Specific changes of the uterine cervix due to contraceptives].

A group of 344 cervices, produced by conisation within a period of 5 1/2 years, were examined for specific effects of contraceptives. In half of all women, who used oral contraceptives, specific lesions such as "siebartige polypoide Hyperplasie" (cribriform polypoid hyperplasia) were found. The findings and their etiology and importance are discussed.

Adult↗