PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “crossover”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

Responsiveness of muscle mass gain to different load intensities of resistance training in older women: A randomized crossover study.

BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with progressive declines in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and substantial interindividual variability in adaptations to resistance training (RT). However, whether training load intensity influences hypertrophic responsiveness in older adults remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of two commonly prescribed RT loading schemes (15RM and 10RM) on estimated SMM adaptations and responsiveness in older women. METHODS: Twenty-seven older women (67.7 ± 4.9 years; 65.7 ± 10.6 kg; 154.5 ± 5.8 cm) completed two 8-week RT interventions performed at 15RM and 10RM in a randomized crossover design, separated by a 12-week detraining period. Estimated SMM was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Responsiveness was operationally defined using the standard error of measurement, and participants were classified as responders (RP) or non-responders (N-RP) according to changes in estimated SMM. RESULTS: Both loading schemes promoted significant and comparable increases in estimated SMM (15RM: +0.62 ± 0.4 kg vs. 10RM: +0.43 ± 0.3 kg). Overall, 61.1% of participants were classified as responders in at least one condition, whereas 38.9% were classified as non-responders. Responsiveness status was consistent across conditions for most participants, with 48.1% classified as responders under both loading schemes and 25.9% as non-responders under both conditions. Only seven participants (25.9%) changed responsiveness status between interventions. No clear pattern indicated a greater likelihood of responsiveness with either loading scheme. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that both the 10RM and 15RM RT protocols significantly increase estimated SMM in older women, with no significant differences between training conditions. Although substantial interindividual variability in adaptive responses exists, training load intensity does not appear to meaningfully influence responsiveness status in most individuals. These findings suggest that both loading schemes can be effectively prescribed to promote SMM gains in older women.

Aged↗
PubMed2026

The feasibility and efficacy of weighted blankets as a sleep intervention for people with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: a pilot randomised crossover trial.

Sleep disturbances contribute to disease progression in dementia and result in reduced quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions are recommended for the management of sleep and other behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), although these interventions can be challenging to implement. This pilot study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of weighted blankets as a sleep intervention for people with BPSD in a neurobehavioural unit. Fourteen residents, serving as their own control, slept two weeks with a weighted blanket and two weeks with usual bedding in a crossover trial. The primary outcomes were sleep duration and efficiency, measured via a Withing's sleep analyser and sleep disordered behaviours, measured by the sleep disorder inventory (SDI). Secondary outcomes included responsive behaviours, measured by the Neuropsychiatric index (NPI), falls incidents, restrictive practice incidents and use of pro re nata psychotropic medications. Generalised Estimation Equation (GEE) method was used for analysis. There was no statistical evidence that weighted blankets improved sleep or behavioural outcomes for people with BPSD, however fewer fall incidents, wakings and restrictive practices were reported during weighted blanket use. Weighted blankets were considered feasible and acceptable with high recruitment rates, nil participant withdrawals and no adverse outcomes, however there was variable compliance to the intervention protocol and the Withings did not adequately measure sleep. Whilst there is insufficient effectiveness evidence for further trials, weighted blankets can be offered to people living with dementia as a low risk sleep intervention option, with the caveat that there is currently no effectiveness evidence.

Behavioural Symptoms↗
PubMed2026

A prospective crossover study comparing ICCS-recommended and Palmer-adjusted filling rates in children with spina bifida.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether the maximal cystometric capacity (MCC) in children with spina bifida (SB) is indeed lower, as predicted by the Palmer formula, and to evaluate the impact of different bladder filling rates on urodynamic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, randomized, two-sequence crossover-controlled study included 70 children aged 3-18 years with spina bifida under regular follow-up. In Group 1, the first two bladder fillings were performed at the ICCS-recommended rate, and the third at 75% of that rate (Palmer formula). In Group 2, the sequence was reversed. Urodynamic parameters, including maximal cystometric capacity (MCC), bladder compliance, detrusor activity, filling pressures, and detrusor leak point pressure (DLPP), were analyzed across fillings. RESULTS: Cystometric bladder capacity was lower during fillings performed at the Palmer-adjusted rate compared with those at the ICCS-recommended rate. The proportion of reduced compliance significantly decreased in Group 1 (p = 0.046) but remained unchanged in Group 2. A significant positive correlation was observed between expected bladder capacity (EBC) and measured MCC in both groups (ρ ≈ 0.5-0.6). The highest correlation and agreement were found in Group 1 during the third filling at the Palmer rate (ICC = 0.606). No significant intra- or intergroup differences were observed in detrusor pressure, end-filling pressure, DLPP, or overactive bladder prevalence. CONCLUSION: Bladder filling rate was associated with differences in both cystometric capacity and bladder compliance in children with spina bifida. Fillings performed according to the Palmer formula (approximately 75% of the ICCS-recommended rate) were associated with capacities that more closely approximated age-expected values and with modest differences in bladder compliance. Conversely, faster filling rates did not produce similar benefits. These findings suggest that slower filling strategies may improve measurement consistency and agreement with expected bladder capacity estimates. However, the magnitude and direct clinical impact of these differences should be interpreted cautiously, particularly in light of the potential influence of sequence-related effects.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Oil and gas well development and coccidioidomycosis risk in Kern County, CA, USA: a case-crossover study.

BACKGROUND: Coccidioidomycosis is an emerging fungal disease caused by inhaling Coccidioides spp spores. As spores reside in soil, activities that disturb soil and generate dust can aerosolise and transport the pathogen. The oil and gas industry has been extensively developed in some regions that are endemic for Coccidioides spp and has been associated with dust emissions. Although several adverse health outcomes have previously been associated with oil and gas development, its impact on coccidioidomycosis risk has not been investigated. We aimed to estimate the association between exposure to oil and gas well development (ie, wells in preproduction) and risk of coccidioidomycosis among residents living near new wells. METHODS: In this case-crossover study, we obtained information on reported coccidioidomycosis cases and oil and gas well development between 2007 and 2022 in Kern County, CA, USA. We then compared exposure to preproduction wells within 5 km of each individual's place of residence during both hazard (ie, the 49-139 days before case onset) and control periods using conditional logistic regression. FINDINGS: During the study period, 658 108 (72·4%) of 909 282 of Kern County residents lived within 5 km of at least one preproduction well, and 116 020 (12·8%) lived within 5 km of 23 or more preproduction wells within a single 90-day period. We estimated that the odds of coccidiomycosis incidence were 12·5% (95% CI 5·8-19·6) higher in the 90 days following exposure to at least one preproduction well within 5 km of an individual's place of residence and that the odds of infection increased by 0·7% (0·4-0·9) for each additional preproduction well developed within this distance. INTERPRETATION: These findings support a previously-unrecognised association between the development of oil and gas wells and transmission of coccidioidomycosis, potentially driven by dust generation. Given the prevalence of oil and gas development in the study region, its impact on coccidioidomycosis incidence might be large. FUNDING: National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

Exercise with motor cortex high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation enhances cardiovascular efficiency and lower-limb function in multiple sclerosis: A crossover, double-blind, and proof-of-principle study.

Combining exercise with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) could offer a strategy to help people with Multiple Sclerosis improve outcomes. In this crossover study, participants with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale &#x2265;3.0, n&#x202f;=&#x202f;12) and controls (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;10) completed baseline testing, followed by three randomized experimental conditions: 1) exercise+active HD-tDCS; 2) exercise+sham HD-tDCS; and 3) HD-tDCS alone. Exercise performance metrics [heart rate, work rate, heart rate-to-work rate (HR/WR) ratio, and perceived exertion] were compared across the exercise conditions. Secondary outcomes included the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25F), Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), and acute symptom ratings (fatigue and pain), assessed pre-, immediately post-, and 1h-Post. Cardiovascular efficiency (HR/WR ratio) significantly improved during exercise+HD-tDCS compared to exercise alone, particularly in older MS participants (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.010). SDMT declined immediately post HD-tDCS alone, 1h-post-exercise alone, and at both time points during exercise+active HD-tDCS (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). Both groups increased walking speed only post-exercise+active HD-tDCS, while no condition affected upper-limb function (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). These results are in line with the tDCS literature in the general population, suggesting that tDCS improves exercise performance and selectively improves engaged motor function. The trade-off between physical and cognitive outcomes underscores the importance of personalized neuromodulation strategies in neurorehabilitation to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing adverse effects, and warrants further large-scale, long-term investigations of this approach in MS.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Supplementations of docosahexaenoic acid and blueberry suppress a high-fat breakfast-induced postprandial inflammation but only docosahexaenoic acid improves endothelial function in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover intervention study.

Blueberries and n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids each can provide protection against inflammation and cardiometabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We hypothesized that blueberry and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can suppress high fat (HF) meal-induced postprandial inflammation and improve endothelial function. Sixty-two healthy participants (age: 26.8 &#xb1; 1.2 y; BMI: 22.1 &#xb1; 1.2 kg/m&#xb2;) consumed an isoenergetic breakfast (850 kcal) containing 34.7 g mostly animal fat (36% kcal), 25.3 g protein, and 111 g carbohydrate, with or without either 42.2 g blueberry powder (BBP) or 1.76 g DHA in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover intervention study. Blood samples were collected before and 1 h, 3 h and 6 h after breakfast. Monocyte activation, proinflammatory gene expression, cytokine production and endothelial function were assessed. Compared with the placebo control, DHA supplementation suppressed the HF breakfast-induced: expression of IL-1&#x3b2; by 21.6% (P < .01) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, i.e., cyclooxygenase 2) by 22.8% (P < .01) at 6 h; plasma IL-1&#x3b2; production by 40.1 to 49.8% (P < .01) at 1-6 h; lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-treated blood IL-1&#x3b2; production by 40.9% (P < .0001) at 6 h; and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio by 2.2% (P < .01) at 3 h and 3.5% (P < .0001) at 6 h. BBP supplementation suppressed LPL-treated blood IL-1&#x3b2; production by 23.1% (P < .05) at 6 h. BBP and DHA also induced postprandial increases in reactive hyperemia index (RHI) scores relative to the fasting baselines, with DHA producing a 13.3% increase compared with placebo at 6 h (P < .05). In conclusion, supplementation with BBP or DHA suppressed the HF meal-induced postprandial inflammation but only DHA improved postprandial endothelial function. This study was registered at clinicaltrails.gov (NCT02472171).

Blueberry↗
PubMed2026

Effects of adjunctive bifrontal tDCS on depressive symptoms and cognitive performance in major depressive disorder: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Evidence for antidepressant effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in major depressive disorder (MDD) is heterogeneous, and cognitive effects remain uncertain. We compared depressive symptoms and DSST performance during active and sham bifrontal tDCS in medicated outpatients with MDD and baseline HAMD-17 &#x2265; 15. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover pilot trial, adults with MDD and inadequate response to an adequate antidepressant trial were assigned to active&#x2192;sham or sham&#x2192;active tDCS sequences while continuing antidepressants. Each period comprised 10 sessions over 2 weeks. Active stimulation was delivered at 2 mA for 20 min (anode F3, cathode F4); sham used the same montage with brief ramping only. No washout interval was used. No washout interval was used. The primary outcome was HAMD-17; secondary outcomes were DSST and CGI ratings. RESULTS: Of 38 randomized participants, 32 completed both periods and were analyzed per protocol. HAMD-17 scores were lower during active than sham stimulation (mean difference -3.63, 95% CI -5.86 to -1.40; p = 0.002), but the condition-by-sequence interaction was significant (p = 0.026). No condition effect was observed for DSST (p = 0.261) or CGI-Severity (p = 1.000); CGI-Improvement was strongly sequence-dependent (p < 0.001). In an exploratory first-period analysis, adjusted T1 HAMD-17 scores were lower in the active-first group (adjusted difference -4.90, 95% CI -7.92 to -1.87; p = 0.003). Adverse effects were mild and transient. CONCLUSIONS: Active tDCS was associated with lower HAMD-17 scores, but the pooled contrast was order-dependent and cannot be interpreted as a definitive treatment effect. No DSST benefit was observed.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Double blind crossover trial of levamisole in recurrent aphthous ulceration.

A double blind crossover trial of levamisole has been carried out in 47 patients with recurrent oral ulceration. Significant decreases in the number of ulcers and ulcer days were found after 2 months of intermittent administration of levamisole. About 64% of patients responded to the drug by a decrease in the number of ulcers of more than 50%, for two or more months. The remaining 36% of patients failed to respond to levamisole and 23% of these had an increased number of ulcers. The side-effects recorded in patients taking levamisole were comparable with those in patients on placebo, except for a flu-like syndrome in 1 patient and urticaria in another, necessitating withdrawal of the drug. The mechanism of action of levamisole in recurrent oral ulceration is not known, but it is suggested that levamisole may correct a deficiency of suppressor cells, or potentiate the cellular responses to crossreacting microbial agents.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1978

A double-blind controlled crossover trial of an antigen-avoidance diet in atopic eczema.

20 out of 36 children (aged two to eight years) with atopic eczema completed a twelve-week, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial of an egg and cows' milk exclusion diet. During the first and third four-week periods, patients on an egg and cows' milk exclusion diet received a soya-based milk substitute (trial period) or an egg and cows' milk preparation (control period). Response was assessed in terms of eczema activity, number of areas affected, pruritus, sleeplessness, and antihistamine usage while on the two diets. During the middle period patients resumed their normal diet to minimise any carry-over effect. 14 patients responded more favourably to the antigen-avoidance diet than to the control diet, whereas only 1 responded more favourably to the control diet than the trial diet. Patients experienced more benefit during the first diet period than the second, whatever the nature of the diet. There was no correlation between a positive prick test to egg and cows' milk antigen and response to the trial diet.

Allergens↗
PubMed2026

Orange juice and hesperidin increase flavanone exposure without detectable short-term vascular benefits: a randomized crossover trial.

Orange juice is a major dietary source of hesperidin, a citrus flavanone with vascular protective effects in experimental models. However, whether nutritionally realistic intake levels induce measurable benefits in humans remains unclear. We investigated the effects of orange juice and hesperidin supplementation, at realistic dietary doses, on vascular function, flavanone bioavailability, and molecular responses. Thirty-seven centrally overweight men completed a randomized, double-blind, controlled, three-period crossover trial with three 6-week interventions separated by washout periods. Participants consumed daily 330 mL of 100% orange juice (OJ), an isoenergetic control beverage (CON), or a hesperidin-enriched control beverage (HESP, 210 mg day-1). Fasting vascular, metabolic and anthropometric parameters were assessed before and after each intervention, with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as the primary endpoint. Postprandial FMD, circulating flavanone metabolites and oxylipin profiles were evaluated following a standardized high-fat meal challenge, and flavanone bioavailability was assessed by 24 h urinary excretion. Whole-blood transcriptomics were performed in a subset (n = 9). Plasma exposure to phase II hesperetin metabolites (AUC0-6 h) and 24 h urinary excretion were comparable after OJ and HESP, indicating effective hesperidin delivery and limited matrix effects on bioavailability. Neither intervention significantly affected fasting or postprandial FMD, vascular, metabolic or anthropometric parameters, or oxylipin profiles versus CON. Marked interindividual variability was observed in vascular responses and flavanone bioavailability, although treatment effects were unrelated to baseline endothelial function or flavanone exposure. Exploratory transcriptomic analyses suggested modulation of pathways involved in vascular biology following OJ and HESP. Under nutritionally realistic conditions, orange juice and hesperidin induced measurable biological engagement without detectable short-term vascular benefits, highlighting the complexity of linking flavanone exposure to functional vascular outcomes in humans.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A two-year crossover therapeutic trial with halofenate and clofibrate.

Twelve patients with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia were treated with clofibrate and halofenate in a double blind, crossover trial for two years. Drug intake was monitored by determination of the level of the drugs in serum. Halofenate and clofibrate were equally effective in lowering plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Patients who were secretors of ABO blood group antigens in saliva had a greater hypocholesterolemic response to both drugs than those who were nonsecretors. Clofibrate treatment resulted in a significant rise of low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Both drugs lowered serum bilirubin levels and this effect had a significant positive correlation with that on uric acid levels. Halofenate had a greater hypouricemic effect than clofibrate and may be a useful drug for treatment of patients with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia who have concomitant hyperuricemia.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2026

Development and Crossover Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted System for Solid Pancreatic Lesion Detection and Pancreatic Parenchyma Recognition in Endoscopic Ultrasonography (With Video).

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Pancreatobiliary endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is technically demanding, and supervised training opportunities are limited. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) overlay system for detecting solid pancreatic lesions (SPL) and recognizing pancreatic parenchyma (PP) and evaluated its effect on reader performance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Across six centers, two deep learning-based models were trained using expert-annotated EUS frames. We then conducted a randomized, two-sequence, two-period crossover reader study in which eight endosonographers (five novices and three experts) interpreted image sets with and without AI assistance. The primary endpoint was superiority of sensitivity for SPL detection among novices; key secondary endpoints included specificity and PP recognition. RESULTS: From 118 patients, 120 SPL-positive/negative image sets and 160 PP-positive/negative image sets were constructed. Among novices, AI assistance improved SPL detection sensitivity (88.7% vs. 76.8%, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) and accuracy (86.4% vs. 78.7%), while specificity met the predefined noninferiority criterion (84.2% vs. 80.5%, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). For PP recognition, sensitivity increased numerically (86.3% vs. 83.3%) but did not meet the predefined superiority criterion (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.095); specificity met the noninferiority criterion (87.8% vs. 81.0%), and accuracy increased from 82.1% to 87.0%. Among experts, sensitivity was maintained for both tasks, whereas specificity increased with AI assistance. CONCLUSIONS: AI assistance improved SPL detection among novice endosonographers. For PP recognition, sensitivity increased without reaching statistical superiority, whereas specificity met the predefined noninferiority criterion. These findings support a potential adjunctive role for AI in EUS interpretation.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Acute Haemodynamic and Perceptual Responses to Graded Intradialytic Exercise in Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis: A Randomised Crossover Trial.

BACKGROUND: Acute responses to graded intradialytic exercise in people receiving haemodialysis remain incompletely characterised. OBJECTIVES: To examine acute haemodynamic and perceptual responses to graded intradialytic resistance exercise compared with a non-exercise control condition. DESIGN: Randomised crossover trial. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight clinically stable adults receiving maintenance haemodialysis. MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed seated control and graded lower-limb resistance exercise targeting Borg category-ratio 10 ratings of 3, 5 and 7. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, rating of perceived exertion and acute fatigue were measured before, immediately after and 30&#x2009;min after each condition. RESULTS: Responses increased progressively with perceived intensity. Compared with control, higher perceived intensity increased systolic blood pressure by 14.9&#x2009;mmHg (95% confidence interval&#x2009;=&#x2009;12.7-17.0), diastolic blood pressure by 8.4&#x2009;mmHg (6.8-10.0), mean arterial pressure by 10.6&#x2009;mmHg (9.2-12.0) and heart rate by 15.5 beats per minute (12.9-18.1). Rating of perceived exertion increased by 6.7 points (95% confidence interval&#x2009;=&#x2009;6.3-7.1). Mean peripheral oxygen saturation remained between 95.1% and 97.5%, with no value below 90%. Recorded symptoms occurred in 13 out of 48 higher perceived-intensity sessions; no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Graded, rating-guided intradialytic resistance exercise produced clear acute dose-response haemodynamic and perceptual changes. These findings support supervised individualisation of acute exercise dose but do not establish long-term safety or superiority of higher perceived-intensity training. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: PACTR202606476360900.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a new x-ray film with reduced crossover.

The improvement in MTF that can be obtained by the reduction of crossover exposures is evaluated using an experimental film supplied by the 3M Company (3M XUD). It was found that image resolution, as measured by the equivalent passband (2 integral of infinity 0 [M(f)]2df), of 3M Trimax 8 screens when used with the experimental 3M XUD film was 2.9 c/mm as compared to 1.8 c/mm when used with a conventional double coated film such as Kodak Ortho G or 3M XD. On the other hand, system speed with 3M XUD film was only 1.6 mR-1 as compared to 3.2 mR-1 with 3M XD film and 2.4 mR-1 with Kodak Ortho G film. These findings were substantiated by phantom studies as well.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and ampicillin: crossover study of the effect of food.

The effect of food on the absorption of amoxicillin and ampicillin was studied in 16 normal subjects in a double-blind crossover study after each subject was given a single oral 500-mg dose. Serum drug levels were analyzed, assuming a one-compartment linear model with first-order absorption and absorption delay, area under the curve, and urinary recovery. Variations in kinetic parameters were examined by using analysis of variance. The results showed little or no effect of fasting versus nonfasting on amoxicillin absorption, as evidenced by peak serum levels (8.9 mug/ml, fasting, 8.8 mug/ml, nonfasting), area under the curve (26.9 mug/ml per 70 kg, fasting, 22.2 mug/ml per 70 kg, nonfasting), and urinary recovery (47%, fasting; 44%, nonfasting). Ampicillin absorption was significantly decreased in the nonfasted group by the same parameters (peak level: 5.4 mug/ml, fasting, 4.0 mug/ml, nonfasting; area under the curve, 17.4 h.mug/ml, fasting, 12.0 h.mug/ml, nonfasting; urinary recovery, 37%, fasting, 29%, nonfasting). These results confirm the reliable absorption of orally administered amoxicillin in the fed as well as the fasted state.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Naproxen in osteoarthrosis. Double-blind crossover trial.

In this double-blind crossover trial, naproxen (750 mg/day) was compared to placebo for the treatment of osteoarthrosis of the hip and knee. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either naproxen or placebo for 4 weeks and then to treatment with the alternate agent for a second 4-week period. 8 out of 9 objective and subjective measurements of drug efficacy clearly differentiated naproxen from placebo at highly significant levels (P = 0.0001 to 0.0004). Patient daily check lists of osteoarthrotic symptoms also showed a statistically significant difference between naproxen and placebo therapy. Both physicians and patients, when asked to give a 'final drug preference', showed a significant preference for naproxen over placebo. In general, the incidence of side effects was low and approximately the same for both naproxen and placebo. Laboratory assessments showed little difference between groups. The trial showed naproxen to be an effective and well tolerated drug for the treatment of osteoarthrosis of the hip and knee.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1975

Anabolic steroids in athelics: crossover double-blind trial on weightlifters.

Thirteen experienced male weightlifters taking high-protein diets and regular exercise took part in a double-blind crossover trial of methandienone 10 or 25 mg/day to seeif the drug improved athletic performance. Their improvemments were significantly greater on methandienone than on placebo; their body weights rose (though this seemed to be associated with water retention); and systolic blood pressure rose significantly. Methandienone caused many side effects, and three men had to withdraw because of them. All side effects disappeared after the drug was stopped. Anabolic steroids are effective only when given combination with exercise and high-protein diet. We deprecate their use in athletics but can suggest no way of stopping it.

Acne Vulgaris↗