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PubMed1978

Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of equine infectious anemia virus.

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study in detail the morphogenesis and replication of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) in cultured, persistently infected equine fetal kidney fibroblasts. The EIAV was shown by thin-section electron microscopy to resemble morphologically more closely the members of the genus Lenti-virus in the family Retroviridae than other genera. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated budding virus on only about 5% of the equine fetal kidney fibroblasts; however, the entire surface of these cells was involved in viral replication. Except where virus budding was observed, EIAV-infected cells were smooth and free of the topographic surface alterations characteristic of cells transformed by type C retroviruses. The morphologic relationship of EIAV and pathologic manifestations of EIAV infection to those of other Retroviridae are discussed.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1979

Assembly of viral structural proteins in cells infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant derived from an HVJ (Sendai virus) carrier culture. Brief report.

The processing of virus polypeptides synthesized in cells infected with HVJ (haemagglutinating virus of Japan--the Sendai strain of parainfluenza 1 virus) was studied. Maturation of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant (HVJ-pB) derived from an HVJ carrier culture was inhibited at 38 degrees C incubation. A considerable amount of viral components were made at the restrictive temperature. They were, with the exception of the polypeptide HN, well preserved without a great loss of their function and successfully incorporated into virus particles released after lowering the incubation temperature. The membrane (M) protein seems to be essential for virus morphogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Application of the critical point dried whole cell technique to the study of animal rhabdoviruses.

The critical point dried (CPD) whole cell technique was applied to the study of the morphogenesis and morphology of rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in mouse neuroblastoma and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. With the stereoscopic technique, progeny viruses at the cell surface and within the cytoplasm of the CPD whole cells were clearly visualized. The presence of many fine cellular processes and of virus budding from these processes were prominent features of the infected cells. Long strings of virus particles and virus apparently fused into different forms were often seen; a possible mechanism for the formation of these aberrant forms is discussed. Negative staining of the CPD whole cells clearly revealed the detailed structure of virus particles in the process of budding.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lithium and pregnancy (author's transl)].

The problem has been considered of the action of Lithium salts on the progress of pregnancy and on the product of the conception. Lithium can bring about serious troubles in morphogenesis in invertebrate animals. The results obtained in mammals in laboratory experiments differ from species to species but it seems that these animals can be given about 8 to 9 times the levels of Lithium that are used in man without causing teratogenic effects. A statistical review of the children born to human mothers taking Lithium in pregnancy shows up an increase in the incidence of cardio-vascular abnormalities. (7.8% instead of 0.04%). The infants that have received Lithium and have not been anatomically affected show no more developmental problems later than others.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2025

Mapping Shroom3 expression across the adult mouse.

Shroom3 is an actin binding protein integral to apical constriction and apical-basal elongation during mammalian morphogenesis. Shroom3 function has been demonstrated in the development of the heart, neural tube, gut tube, eye, thyroid bud, and kidneys, with mutations linked to human congenital defects including anencephaly, spina bifida, cleft lip and palate, and ventricular septal defects. Genome-wide association studies implicate Shroom3 in human conditions such as chronic kidney disease and heterotaxy. While this suggests that Shroom3 expression continues postnatally, the extent of adult expression patterns remain unexplored. To address this, we first harvested organs from adult mice heterozygous for a LacZ reporter inserted into the Shroom3 allele (Shroom3+/Gt). Organs were stained in wholemount with X-gal and cleared in glycerol to identify which tissues expressed Shroom3 and to localize the expression within the tissue. Wildtype organs were then harvested and fluorescently stained to localize Shroom3 protein in tissue sub-structures. From this, we have characterized previously unknown Shroom3 expression in many adult organs including the bladder and reproductive systems, as well as established postnatal Shroom3 expression in organs thought to only have developmental expression including the eye and whisker pad. Our results also demonstrate organs which did not show Shroom3 expression, including the liver and pancreas. This data suggests that Shroom3 has roles in a wider number of tissues than previously thought and provides a foundation for future hypotheses regarding the biological and pathological significance of Shroom3.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Morphogenesis of acute pyelonephritis (electron microscopic study)].

Investigations of fine changes of nephron elements in acute pyelonephritis against the background of urolithiasis in 19 patients and 43 rabbits showed the developing morphological lesions in the kidneys to be due to combined effect of the inflammatory and ischemic factors. The inflammation began with the development of serous oedema leading to destruction of tubular epithelium and impairment of urine passage. These lesions contributed to transformation of the serous inflammation into purulent one with formation of histolysis foci. The ischemic factor progressed with the advance of the inflammatory process and was aggravated by the development of foci of histolysis and hephrohydrosis and subsequently of vascular-parenchymatous block at the tubular level.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Morphological changes in the kidneys during nonspecific ulcerative colitis].

Light microscopy, immunohistochemical examinations and electron microscopy of kidney biopsies showed the different localization of immune complexes in the glomeruli (subepithelial, intramembraneous, subendothelial, and mesangial immune complexes) and various forms of materialization of their harmful effect (induction of immune inflammation or immunosuppression) to be determined by the involvement in phagocytosis and reparation reactions of either podocytes or mesangial and endothelial cells and also hematogenous elements. Therefore, podocyte, mesangioendothelial and podocyte-mesangioendothelial ways of morphogenesis of immunocoplex glomerulonephritis may be distinguished. Each of them is associated with the development of certain clinico-morphological forms of immunocomplex glomerulonephritis which should be considered as distinct entities.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinomas. A histopathologic analysis of 125 cases.

A hundred and twenty-five cases of bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinomas observed between 1954 and 1978 were histopathologically analysed, some of them also histoenzymatically. The material comprised 93 lung resections (56 lobectomies and 37 pulmonectomies). 11 intraoperatory biopsies in inoperable cases, and 21 autopsies. The early discovery and treatment of the overwhelming majority of cases allow the observation of uncomplicated lesions, the bronchiolar involvement followed by alveolar invasion due to sliding of neoplastic cells on denuded alveolar walls often thickened by cell and fibril accumulation, the papillary formations, as well as the histoenzymatic behaviour. The latter evidenced the strong relations of neoplastic cells with the normal bronchiolar cells (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Mg-dependent ATP-ase, oxidoreductases). Some peculiarities also point to the existence of a possible second parallel origin of neoplastic cells at the level of large alveolocytes during the morphogenesis of this multicentric lung carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1978

The effect of colchicine and dibucaine on the morphogenesis of Semliki Forest virus.

The effect of colchicine, Nocodazole, and dibucaine on the assembly of Semliki Forest virus was investigated. Colchicine, Nocodazole, and dibucaine reduced the production of extracellular virus by 75 to 90%. Lumicolchicine had no effect on virus growth. Other control experiments showed no effect by these drugs on the incorporation of [3H]leucine into material precipitated by trichloroacetic acid. Colchicine (100 micron) disrupted the microtubles of the baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21), whereas dibucaine did not alter microtubule polymerization. The stage of virus assembly inhibited by colchicine and dibucaine was studied by experiments with [3H]-leucine or [35S]methionine. At various times after addition of one of these drugs, the incorporation of the labeled precursors into viral proteins associated with fractions enriched for endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane from the cell was evaluated. The results clearly show that the envelope and nucleocapsid proteins of the virus move to the plasma membrane of the cell where they accumulate. The studies strongly suggest that the cytoskeletal system is involved in the final stages of morphogenesis of Semliki Forest virus from the plasma membrane.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1977

The radial dysplasia/imperforate anus/vertebral anomalies syndrome (the VATER association): Developmental aspects and eye findings.

The developmental evaluations of four children of different age groups with radial dysplasia/imperforate anus/vertebral anomalies syndrome are presented. These show that although the gross motor behavior is significantly delayed, intelligence, language, and social development are within normal range. Therefore, the patients with this syndrome merit every effort toward rehabilitation. Three of the patients discussed have ophthalmological abnormalities, in addition to their major malformations. It may be that congenital eye defects are another component of this syndrome of morphogenesis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

[Comparative study of the changes in lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymatic spectra in the course of organogenesis in mice].

The dynamics of changes in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) spectra during organogenesis in CBA mice has been studied by means of ultramicroelectrophoresis. The embryonic period of development is characterized by the predominance of cathodic isozymes (LDH-5 and LDH-4) in all the organs under study. The increase of anodic isozymes (LDH-1 and LDH-2) takes place in the heart, kidneys and brain as the development proceeds. The first reliable differences in the LDH spectra of different organs appear on the 11th day of embryogenesis. On the basis of comparison with the help of criterion gamma, the LDH spectra of the organs under study can be divided into two groups: I--heart, lungs, kidneys and brain (tendency towards the increase of H-subunits) and II--intestine, liver and muscles (tendency towards the increase of of M-subunits). The LDH spectra of adult animals are divided into 4 distinct groups: I--heart and kidneys, II--brain, III--lungs and muscles, IV--liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Electron microscopy of Akabane virus.

Electron microscopy of negatively stained purified virus and of thin sections of infected cells and tissues showed Akabane virus being similar in morphology and morphogenesis to members of the family Bunyaviridae.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

["Teratologic series" and their genetics].

Isolated cyclopia is one of the members of the prosencephalic teratologic series. In some families with cyclopian monster other types of prosencephalic malformations are found in sibs or more distant relatives. All these malformations occur more frequently in females. Different forms of prosencephalies are observed in the same type of chromosome disbalance. These data suggest that morphogenesis and etiology of the prosencephalic malformations are common. Therefore a whole teratologic series but not a single member-malformation must be an object of genetic analysis. The same data are found for another teratologic series: bilateral renal agenesis--unilateral one--aplastic variant of the cystic dysplasia of kidneys. Polygenic inheritance with the threshold phenomenon is the most probable type of genetic determination of such malformations. The more frequent occurrence of polygenic malformations in families with the studied malformation whose inheritance is not yet established may be an indirect indication for the polygenic determination of the latter.

Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid↗
PubMed1976

[Morphogenesis of amyloidosis].

Basing on the literature data and findings of their own investigations with the use of sophisticated methods of morphological analysis, the authors showed that morphogenesis of experimental amyloidosis comprised the following links: 1) cellular transformations of the reticulo-endothelial system with formation of a clone of amyloidoblasts; 2) synthesis by these cells of protein of amyloid fibrils; 3) aggregation of fibrils with formation of a "carcass" of amyloid substance; 4) combination of aggregated fibrils with proteins and glucoproteids of plasma and also with acid mucopolysaccharides of the tissue and formation of a complex glucoproteid -- amyloid. The sources of amyloblasts in various organs were precursors of different cells of mesenchymal nature: in the spleen -- reticular and endothelial cells; in the liver -- Kupffer's cells; in the kidney -- mesangial and endothelial cells. In the course of formation of amyloid fibrils, the latter being anomalous protein of the body, a "competition" started between the synthesis of fibrillar protein and its resorption (amyloidoclasia). It completed in favour of the synthesis, which may be explained by the development of immunological tolerance to amyloid protein. At the final stage of amyloidogenesis of particular importance was an increase in the tissue-vascular permeability, which ensured the extracellular formation of amyloid substance and inclusion therein of hematogenic "additions" (fibrin', immune complexes, etc.).

Amyloid↗
PubMed1978

[Urgent problems in the study of pyelonephritis in children].

The literature data and own observations concerning the features of patho- and morphogenesis of pyelonephritis in children are presented. Particular attention is given to the importance of renal tissue and intrarenal blood vessels dysplasia in the genesis and development of pyelonephritis as well as to the pathogenetic role of inflammatory processes in urinary tract wall in obstructive uropathies. The importance of morphological studies in diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of pyelonephritis in children is emphasized.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Morphogenesis of glomerular cysts in renal dysplasia.

The glomerular origin and the morphogenesis of the cysts in a case of renal dysplasia are descirbed. On ligh microscopy, islets of cartilage, immature ducts and cortical cysts were found. A primitive glomerular tuft was present in some cysts. On electron microscopy part of the inner surface of the cysts was lined by epithelium with pedicels. These findings suports the hypothesis that the cause of the cysts is the dilatation of the glomerular spaces when the respective glomeruli become functional.

Cysts↗
PubMed1979

Development of the renal corpuscle during metamorphosis in the lamprey.

The renal corpuscle of the adult lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., is formed during the programmed period of metamorphosis. Development is initiated early in this metamorphic period and is marked by the synchronous formation and growth of rudimentary nephron units (RNU) from longitudinal cord of nephrogenictissue extending from the posterior tip of the degenerating larval kidney to the cloaca and connected to the peritoneal epithelium. Detachment of the RNU from the peritoneum involves autolysis and cell death and is accompanied by their branching into five or six hexagonally-arranged nephrons which radiate from the original point of attachment. Differentiation of the epithelial cells at the proximal ends of the nephrons is preceded by the widening of lateral intercellular spaces, the formation of tubular lumina (primitive urinary spaces), the loss of apical cell junctions, and the development of a capillary network with its associated mesangium. With the extension of the capillaries and mesangium between the proximal ends of adjacent undifferentiated nephrons, visceral epithelial cells (podocytes), with long cell processes (trabeculae) and slit membranes, make their appearance. The urinary spaces resulting from this form of development are lined by the epithelium of the dilated ends of the nephrons (nephric capsules). The cells of these capsules differentiate mainly into podocytes, but a few parietal cells connect to the draining tubule. This method of development explains the unique form of the renal corpuscle in the adult lamprey. Despite the type of morphogenesis, this renal corpuscle possesses the fine-structural features seen in the renal corpuscles of other vertebrates.

Animals↗